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EXERCISE 1 – NUMBER SYSTEMS

These questions will prove to be good exercise for some good practice in number systems.

Try to do the questions without looking at the solutions. The time allotted is 30 mins.

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Question 1

The sum of , , ,… is :
(1) less than 1 (2) greater than 1
2
(3) equal to 1 or less than 1 (4) equal to 1/n (n + 2)
The right answer is Option (1).
2
¼ + 1/9 + 1/16 +…+ 1/n
Consider ¼:
¼ = 1/(2 x 2) < 1/(1 x 2) because ½ < 1
Similarly, 1/9 = 1/(3 x 3) < 1/(2 x 3)
Since 1/3 < ½
1/16 = 1/(4 x 4) < 1/(3 x 4)
Because ¼ < 1/3
……………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………..
2
1/n = 1/(nxn) < 1/(n – 1)n
Since 1/n < 1/(n – 1)
2
¼ + 1/9 + …+ 1/n < 1/(1 x 2) + 1/(2 x 3) + … + 1/[(n – 1)n]
2
i.e. ¼ + 1/9 + 1/16 + … + 1/n < (1/1 – ½) + (1/2 – 1/3) +…+ [1/(n – 1) – 1/n]
2
i.e. ¼ + 1/9 + 1/16 +… + 1/n < 1/1 – 1/n which is less than 1.

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Hence, the given sum is less than 1 only.

Answer: (1)

Question 2
46252 4733
What is the digit in the unit place of 39 + 73 ?
(1) 8 (2) 7
(3) 6 (4) 4
The right answer is Option (1).
46252 4733
39 + 73
46252
First we will find the unit digit of 39 .
Divide 46, by 4, we get 2 as remainder.
252
Actual remainder (2)
252
Again dividing (2) by 4, we get 0 as remainder. And ‘9’ is an odd digit number. So, the last digit
digi of
46252
39 will be 1.
4733
Last digit of 73  By dividing 47 by 4, we get 3 or – 1 as a remainder.
Now, (– 1) odd, when divided by 4 will give – 1 or 3 as remainder.
4733
So, the last digit of 73 will be.
Last digit of 3  3  3 = i.e. 7.
So, the last digit is 1 + 7 = 8. Answer: (1)

Question 3

How many terms, at the minimum of sequence 1, , , , …., must be added together for their
sum to be not less than 3?
(1) 16 (2) 17
(3) 18 (4) 20
The right answer is Option (1).
1 + ½ + 1/3 + ¼ + 1/5 + 1/6 + 1/7 + …
Grouping the terms as follows
(1) + (1/2) + (1/3 + ¼) + (1/5 + 1/6 + 1/7 + 1/8) + (1/9 + 1/10 + … 1/16) + …
(1/3 + ¼) > 2 x ¼, i.e. (1/3 + ¼) > ½
Similarly (1/5 + 1/6 + 1/7 + 1/8) > 4 x 1/8, i.e. > ½
Similarly (1/9 + 1/10 + … + 1/16) > 8 x 1/16,
i.e. > ½
If you take 16 terms their sum will be greater than 3. Answer: (1)

Question 4
3435 3534
When we divide 33 by 34 the remainder is a and when we divide 33 by 34 the remainder is b.
What is the value of b – a?

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(1) 0 (2) 32
(3) -32 (4) None of these
The right answer is Option (2).
3435 some even power =
33 = (34 – 1)
3534 some odd power =
33 = (34 – 1)
Now in first case, remainder a = 1
In second case, remainder b = 33
b – a = 33 – 1 = 32. Answer: (2)

Question 5
ab and cd are two two-digit
digit natural numbers. 4b + a = 13k 1 and 5d – c = 17k2, where k1 and k2 are
natural numbers. The largest number that will always divide the product of ab and cd is:
(1) 13 (2) 17
(3) 221 (4) None of these
The right answer is Option (3).
ab is always a multiple of 13 and cd is always a multiple of 17 so their product has to be divisible by
17  13 = 221. Answer: (3)

Question 6

What is the number, the sum of whose factors is equal to ?

(1) 1124695 (2) 1123685
(3) 1012675 (4) None of these
The right answer is Option (1).
The sum of all the factor is given by

=
it means

2 3 1
So, the number is 13  11  5
 169  1331  5 = 1124695. Answer: (1)

Question 7
A is the smallest integer which when multiplied with 3 gives a number made of 5’s only. Sum of
3
the digits of A is B. Sum of the digits of B is C. What is the valu
value of C ?

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(1) 125 (2) 64

(3) 216 (4) None of these
The right answer is Option (1).

Smallest number made of 5’s and divisible by 3 is 555. Thus A = = 185. Answer: (1)

Question 8
62 62
37 – 23 is divisible by:
(1) 560 (2) 840
(3) 775 (4) 160
The right answer is Option (2).
62 62
37 – 23
n n
x – y is always divisible by (x – y)
n n
x – y is divisible by (x + y) when n is even.
62 62
So, 37 – 23 will be divisible by both (37 – 23) and (37 + 23)
62 62
So, 37 – 23 will be divisible by (37 – 23) x (37 + 23) = 14  60 = 840
Answer: (2)

Question 9
Find the smallest value of x such that x! ends with exactly 23 zeroes
(1) 100 (2) 98
(3) 99 (4) No such no. exist
The right answer is Option (4).
If we check that, 99! ends with how many ze
zeroes,
roes, then we find that it ends with 22 zeroes

19 + 3 = 22
So, Now if we find that 100! ends with how many zeroes then it comes out be 24.

20 + 4 = 24
So, there are no such no. exists with ends with 23 zeroes. Answer: (4)

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Question 10
3 3 3
abc is a three-digit whole number so that abc = a + b + c . [300 < abc < 400]. Find the sum of a, b
& c.
(1) 10 (2) 11
(3) 12 (4) Data insufficient
The right answer is Option (4).
Since 300 < abc < 400
3 3 3
 100a + 10b + c = a + b + c
put a = 3 and rearrange, we get
3 3
300 + 10b + c = 27 + b + c
3 3
 (b – 10b) + (c – c) = 273
3 3
Now put b = 6 and 7 (as b and c are both less than equal to 9 and 6 and 7 are the nearest cubes to
273).
3
For b = 6. We get c – c = 117 and no value of c satisfies this.
3
For b = 7 we get c – c = 0 and two values of c i.e. 0 and 1.
Thus abc = 370 or 371
Hence, abc cannot be uniquely determined.
Answer: (4)

Question 11
Two different numbers when divided by the same divisor, left remainder 11 and 21 respectively,
and when their sum was divided by the same divisor, then the remainder was 4. Find the divisor.
(1) 36 (2) 28
(3) 14 (4) 9
The right answer is Option (2).
Let the numbers are x1, x2 when divided by y (divisor), quotients are n & m and remainders are 11 & 21
respectively. Therefore
x1 = ny + 11 …..(1)
x2 = my + 21 …..(2)
Adding (1) and (2), x1 + x2 = (n + m)y + 32 = (n + m)y + 28 + 4
As the remainder given is 4, this is possible if y divides 28.
So y can be 14 or 28 but 14 is not possible because in (2) the remainder is 21. Answer : (2)

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Question 12

Which of the following numbers is divisible by 23?

(1) 22! + 1 (2) 22! – 1
(3) 21! + 2 (4) None of these
The right answer is Option (1).
According to the Wilson’s theorem
(P – 1)! + 1 is always divisible by P
Where P is a prime number.
So, we can say that
(23 – 1)! + 1 is divisible by 23
 22! + 1 is divisible by 23. Answer: (1)

Question 13
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Let N = 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 . The sum of the digits of N is:
(1) 12 (2) 1
(3) 6 (4) 7
The right answer is Option (4).
Since N is written out as a sum of powers of 10, then N can be written as 1111 111 000, and so the sum
of the digits is 7. Answer: (4)

Question 14
If 27 = 123 and 31 = 133, then 15 = ?
(1) 13 (2) 31
(3) 11 (4) 33
The right answer is Option (4).
Let the base be N.
then 27 = (123)N
2 1 o 2
 27 = N + 2  N + 3  N = N + 2N + 3
2
 N + 2N – 24 = (N + 6) (N – 4) = 0  N = – 6, 4
But the base of a number system can’t be negative. Thus N = 4.

Now, 15 in base 4 can be written as (33) 4. Answer : (4)

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Question 15
555 333
The expression 333 + 555 is divisible by:
(1) 2 (2) 3
(3) 37 (4) All of these
The right answer is Option (4).
555 333
333 + 555
Check it by option.
555 333
The last digit of 333 will be odd, and the last digit of 555 will be odd.
odd + odd  even
So, the last digit is even, which is divisible by 2.
555 333
Both the numbers are individually divisible by 3. So 333 + 555 is divisible by 3.
555 333
And similarly, both the numbers are divisible by 37, so, 333 + 555 is divisible by 37.
Hence this expression is divisible
ible by all three numbers. Answer : (4)
Note : If the number consists of same in the multiples of 3, then it is always a multiple of 37

Question 16
12500
The value of (1.00008) is
(1) < 1 (2) > 1
(3) > 2 (4) > 3
The right answer is Option (3).

12500 12500
(1.00008) = (1 + .00008) =
n n n n n–1 1 n 1 n–1 n n
Applying binomial theorem: (a + b) = C0 a + C1 a . b +……… + Cn – 1 . a . b + Cn . b

= 1 + 12500  +…………….+

= 2 + …………….+ > 2. Answer : (3)

Question 17
63 25
The last two digits of 25  63 are :
(1) 35 (2) 75
(3) 55 (4) 45
The right answer is Option (2).
63
Last two digits of 25 are always 25.

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25
Last two digits of 63 = an even no 3
( Ten’s digit of any power of a number, whose unit digit is odd and Ten’s digit is even, is always even).
63 25
Thus, last two digits of 25  63 = _ _ _ 2 5  an even no 3 = 75. Answer : (2)

Question 18
10 100 1000 10000000000
The remainder when 10 + 10 + 10 + … + 10 is divided by 7 is:
(1) 0 (2) 1
(3) 2 (4) 5
The right answer is Option (4).
There are total of 10 terms.
Now apply congruence modulo theorem.
10  3 (mod 7)
10  – 4 (mod 7)
10 10
10 = (–4) (mod 7)
10
=4 (mod 7)
Now series can be re-written as.
10 100 1000 10000000000
4 +4 +4 + …………. + 4
3 3 3 33 3 33333
333333333
(4 )  4 + (4 )  4 + ……. + (4 ) 4
3
Now 4  1 (mod 7)
Thus, remainder when above series is divided by 7 is
[(1)  4 + (1)  4 + ……. 10 times] = 40
40  5 (mod 7). Answer : (4)

Question 19
2
The number 6n + 6n for natural n is always divisible by
(1) 6 only (2) 18
(3) 12 only (4) 6 and 12
The right answer is Option (4).
Since the above expression contains a 6, it is always divisible by 6. Also, n (n + 1) is divisible by 2.
Hence, 6n (n + 1) is divisible by 6  2 = 12. The correct answer is 12 and 6. Answer: (4)

Question 20

The number is
(1) a finite number (2) an infinite non–repeating
repeating decimal
(3) equal to 1.7320508 (4) an infinite repeating decimal
The right answer is Option (2).
An infinite non–repeating decimal. Direct from definition. Answer: (2)

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Question 21
Let D be a decimal of the form D = 0. abcd abcd abcd…………, where digits a, b, c and d are
integers lying between 0 and 9. At most three of these digits are zero. By what number D be
multiplied so that the result is a natural number?
(1) 999 (2) 9990
(3) 49995 (4) None of these
The right answer is Option (3).

D= ,
Also 49995 = 9999  5
Hence, once we multiply D with 49995 we will get a natural number. Answer: (3)

Question 22
2
N = (11111111) . What is the sum of the digits of N?
(1) 72 (2) 62
(3) 64 (4) None of these
The right answer is Option (3).
2 2 2
1 = 1, 11 = 121, 111 = 12321
2
 11111111 = 123456787654321. The sum of these numbers is 64. Answer: (3)

Question 23
19241925
What is the remainder when 1923
3 is divided by 1924?
(1) 1922 (2) 1923
(3) 1 (4) 1922
The right answer is Option (3).
19241925 some evenpower = x
1923 = (1924-1)
x
 Remainder = (–1) = 1. Answer: (3)

Question 24
N = 2  4  6  8  10 …….
……. 100. How many zeroes a
are there at the end of N?
(1) 24 (2) 13
(3) 12 (4) None of these
The right answer is Option (3).
50
N = 2  50!. The highest power of 5 in 50! is 12, therefore there will be 12 zeroes at the end of N.
Answer: (3)

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Question 25

If in a number system, 40132 correspond to 2542 in decimal, find the base of the number system.
(1) 5 (2) 6
(3) 7 (4) 8
The right answer is Option (1).
Since, four is one of the characters in the given number, the base for that number system must be > 5.
4 3 2 1 0
Assume that the base = 5. Then, (4  5 ) + (0  5 ) + (1  5 ) + (3  5 ) + (2  5 ) = 2542.
So, by estimation, we can say that the base of the number system is 5. Answer: (1)

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