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Learn SQL - Multiple Tables Cheatsheet - Codecademy

The document provides explanations of different SQL clauses used to join tables, including inner joins, outer joins, cross joins, and unions. It also defines primary keys and foreign keys. Primary keys uniquely identify each record in a table and cannot be null, while foreign keys reference the primary key of another table to link related data between tables.

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64 views

Learn SQL - Multiple Tables Cheatsheet - Codecademy

The document provides explanations of different SQL clauses used to join tables, including inner joins, outer joins, cross joins, and unions. It also defines primary keys and foreign keys. Primary keys uniquely identify each record in a table and cannot be null, while foreign keys reference the primary key of another table to link related data between tables.

Uploaded by

kartik8586
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cheatsheets / Learn SQL

Multiple Tables
Inner Join
The JOIN clause allows for the return of results
from more than one table by joining them together with SELECT *
other results based on common column values FROM books
speci ed using an ON clause. INNER JOIN is JOIN authors
the default JOIN and it will only return results ON books.author_id = authors.id;
matching the condition speci ed by ON .

Outer Join
An outer join will combine rows from di erent tables
even if the join condition is not met. In a LEFT SELECT column_name(s)
JOIN , every row in the left table is returned in the FROM table1
result set, and if the join condition is not met, then LEFT JOIN table2
NULL values are used to ll in the columns from the ON table1.column_name =
right table. table2.column_name;

Primary Key
A primary key column in a SQL table is used to uniquely
identify each record in that table. A primary key cannot
be NULL . In the example, customer_id is the
primary key. The same value cannot re-occur in a
primary key column. Primary keys are often used in
JOIN operations.

Foreign Key
A foreign key is a reference in one table’s records to the
primary key of another table. To maintain multiple
records for a speci c row, the use of foreign key plays a
vital role. For instance, to track all the orders of a
speci c customer, the table order (illustrated at
the bottom of the image) can contain a foreign key.

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CROSS JOIN Clause
The CROSS JOIN clause is used to combine each
row from one table with each row from another in the SELECT shirts.shirt_color,
result set. This JOIN is helpful for creating all pants.pants_color
possible combinations for the records (rows) in two FROM shirts
tables. CROSS JOIN pants;
The given query will select the shirt_color and
pants_color columns from the result set, which
will contain all combinations of combining the rows in
the shirts and pants tables. If there are 3
di erent shirt colors in the shirts table and 5
di erent pants colors in the pants table then the
result set will contain 3 x 5 = 15 rows.

UNION Clause
The UNION clause is used to combine results that
appear from multiple SELECT statements and lter
SELECT name
duplicates. FROM first_names
For example, given a first_names table with a
UNION
SELECT name
column name containing rows of data “James” and
FROM last_names
“Hermione”, and a last_names table with a
column name containing rows of data “James”,
“Hermione” and “Cassidy”, the result of this query
would contain three name s: “Cassidy”, “James”, and
“Hermione”.

WITH Clause
The WITH clause stores the result of a query in a
temporary table ( temporary_movies ) using an
WITH temporary_movies AS (
alias. SELECT *
Multiple temporary tables can be de ned with one FROM movies
instance of the WITH keyword. )
SELECT *
FROM temporary_movies
WHERE year BETWEEN 2000 AND 2020;

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