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Assignment: Submit To: Lecturer Faiza Tariq

This document contains an assignment submission from Muhammad Arslan to lecturer Faiza Tariq. It includes solutions to 8 questions on topics related to digital communication systems, such as data transmission rates, signal attenuation, signal-to-noise ratio, channel capacity, and encoding schemes. Formulas and calculations are shown to solve for values like efficiency, phase, transmission time, power levels, data rates, and SNR. Graphs are included to illustrate the output signals from different encoding schemes applied to sample data streams.

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Arslan
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48 views7 pages

Assignment: Submit To: Lecturer Faiza Tariq

This document contains an assignment submission from Muhammad Arslan to lecturer Faiza Tariq. It includes solutions to 8 questions on topics related to digital communication systems, such as data transmission rates, signal attenuation, signal-to-noise ratio, channel capacity, and encoding schemes. Formulas and calculations are shown to solve for values like efficiency, phase, transmission time, power levels, data rates, and SNR. Graphs are included to illustrate the output signals from different encoding schemes applied to sample data streams.

Uploaded by

Arslan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASSIGNMENT

Submit to: LECTURER FAIZA TARIQ

NAME: MUHAMMAD ARSLAN


(MCF-2000264)
1. Assume a system uses five protocol layers. If the application program creates
a message of 100 bytes and each layer (including the fifth and the first) adds a
header Of 10 bytes to the data unit, what is the efficiency (the ratio of
application layer bytes to the number of bytes transmitted) of the system?

Each byte layer added 10 bytes and five layers are in number which creates a massage of 100
bytes
=100+50
=150
So the efficiency of the system is
E=100/150
E=66.7%

2. A sine wave is offset 1/9 cycle with respect to time 0. What is its phase in
degrees and radians? Which simple signal has a wider bandwidth, a sine wave
with a frequency of 200 Hz or a sine wave with a frequency of 500 Hz?
1 complete cycle = 360°
Therefore, 1/9 of a cycle:
Phase in degree;
(1/9) × 360° = 40°
Phase in radian:
=40 × (2π/360)
=80π/360
= 0.222πrad
=0.698rad
In simple terms, a bandwidth could be explained as the difference between the upper and lower
frequencies of the signal. However, the signal described above is a simple signal with no upper
or lower frequency boundary.
Hence, the bandwidth is assumed to be the same.

3. A device is sending out data at the rate of 1000 bps. How long does it take to
send out? (a) 10 bits, (b) a single character (8 bits) and (c) 100,000 characters?
Given that:
1)10 bits
Sending rate = 1000 bps
Rate of 1000 bps means that data is sent at a rate of 1000 bits per second
Hence, to send out 10 bits
1000 bits = 1 second
10 bits = x
1000x = 10
x = 10 / 1000
x = 0.01 second
2.) A single character 8 - bits
1000 bits = 1 second
8 bits = (8 / 1000) seconds
= 0.008 seconds
3.) 100,000 characters
100,000 characters = (8 * 100,000) = 800,000
1000 bits = 1 second
800,000 bits = (800,000 / 1000)
= 800 seconds

4. A signal travels from point A to point B. At point A, the signal power is 100
W. At point B, the power is 90 W. What is the attenuation in decibels?
Given
Power at point A = 100W
Power at point B = 90W
Required
Determine the attenuation in decibels
Attenuation is calculated using the following formula

Substitute these values in the given formula


Where t and t

5. The attenuation of a signal is -10 db. What is the final signal power if it was
originally 5 W?
It is given that,
The attenuation of a signal is -10dB.
We need to find the final signal power if it was originally 5 W.
Using attenuation for signal:

Put dB = -10, P₁ = 5 W
Put all the values,
So, the final signal power is 0.5 W.

6. We measure the performance of a telephone line (4 KHz of bandwidth).


When the signal is 10 V, the noise is 5 mV. What is the maximum data rate
supported by this telephone line?
Capacity=B*log2 (1+SNR)
= 4000 * (log (1 + (10 / 0.005)) / log (2))
= 46812.7305 bps

7. What is the theoretical capacity of a channel in each of the following cases?


(a)Bandwidth: 20 KHz SNRdB = 40 dB
Capacity=BW* SNRdB𝟑=20000*40/3=267Kbps
(b)Bandwidth: 200 KHz SNRdB = 4 dB
Capacity=BW* SNRdB𝟑=200000*4/3=267Kbps
(c)Bandwidth: 1 MHz SNRdB = 20 dB
Capacity=BW* SNRdB𝟑=1000000*20/3=6667Kbps

8. In a digital transmission, the sender clock is 0.2 percent faster than the
receiver clock. How many extra bits per second does the sender send if the
data rate is 1 Mbps?
At normal speed, when the sender and receiver clocks are same, the sender would send 1,000,000 bits
per second.
But since the sender clock is 0.3 percent faster than the receiver clock, the data rate would be faster and
the sender will be able to send 1,003,000 bits per second now.

9. A signal with 200 milliwatts power passes through 10 devices, each with an
average noise of 2 microwatts. What is the SNR? What is the SNRdB?
Given
Signal =200 mW
= 0.2 W
Total Noise =10*2 *10^−6
=2*10^−5
We Know SNR=average signal power*average noise power
=0.22∗10−5
=10000
SNR dB= 10log10 (𝑆𝑁𝑅)
SNR dB= 10log10 (10000)
=40
Q2: What is the result (draw the graph)?
1. For NRZ-L, NRZ-I, Manchester and Differential Manchester encoding schemes
against the following data streams assuming that the last signa11evel has been
positive.
a. 00000000

b. 11111111
c. 01010101

d. 00110011
2. Find the 8-bit data stream for each case depicted in the Figure:

ANSWER:

A) 11101110

B) 01111000

C) 01110001

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