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Quality Tools Conbtrol Chart

A control chart is a graph used to monitor a process over time by plotting data points and comparing them to established control limits. This determines whether the process variation is consistent or unpredictable. Control charts have a central line for the average and upper and lower control limits determined from historical data. They can be used across industries to identify and correct problems as they occur and determine if a process is stable or affected by non-routine events. Basic procedures for a control chart include choosing the appropriate chart type, collecting data over time, analyzing for out-of-control signals, investigating causes, and recalculating limits with stable in-control data.

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32 views2 pages

Quality Tools Conbtrol Chart

A control chart is a graph used to monitor a process over time by plotting data points and comparing them to established control limits. This determines whether the process variation is consistent or unpredictable. Control charts have a central line for the average and upper and lower control limits determined from historical data. They can be used across industries to identify and correct problems as they occur and determine if a process is stable or affected by non-routine events. Basic procedures for a control chart include choosing the appropriate chart type, collecting data over time, analyzing for out-of-control signals, investigating causes, and recalculating limits with stable in-control data.

Uploaded by

zoe martz
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CONTROL CHART

Also called: statistical process control.

The control chart is a graph used to study how a process changes over time. Data are
plotted in time order. A control chart always has a central line (CL) for the average, an
upper line (UCL) for the upper control limit and a lower line (LCL) for the lower control limit.
These lines are determined from historical data. By comparing current data to these lines,
you can draw conclusions about whether the process variation is consistent (in control) or
is unpredictable (out of control, affected by special causes of variation). This versatile data
collection and analysis tool can be used by a variety of industries and is considered one of
the seven basic quality tools.

Control charts for variable data are used in pairs. The top chart monitors the average, or
the centering of the distribution of data from the process.

Bottom chart monitors the range, or the width of the distribution.

When to Use a Control Chart

 When controlling ongoing processes by finding and correcting problems as they


occur.
 When predicting the expected range of outcomes from a process.
 When determining whether a process is stable (in statistical control).
 When analyzing patterns of process variation from special causes (non-routine
events) or common causes (built into the process).
 When determining whether your quality improvement project should aim to prevent
specific problems or to make fundamental changes to the process.

Control Chart Basic Procedure

1. Choose the appropriate control chart for your data.


2. Determine the appropriate time period for collecting and plotting data.
3. Collect data, construct your chart and analyze the data.
4. Look for “out-of-control signals” on the control chart. When one is identified, mark it
on the chart and investigate the cause. Document how you investigated, what you
learned, the cause and how it was corrected.

Out-of-control signals

o A single point outside the control limits. In Figure 1, point sixteen is above
the UCL (upper control limit).
o Two out of three successive points are on the same side of the centerline
and farther than 2 σ from it. In Figure 1, point 4 sends that signal.
o Four out of five successive points are on the same side of the centerline
and farther than 1 σ from it. In Figure 1, point 11 sends that signal.
o A run of eight in a row are on the same side of the centerline. Or 10 out of
11, 12 out of 14 or 16 out of 20. In Figure 1, point 21 is eighth in a row
above the centerline.
o Obvious consistent or persistent patterns that suggest something unusual
about your data and your process.
o
5. Continue to plot data as they are generated. As each new data point is plotted,
check for new out-of-control signals.
6. When you start a new control
chart, the process may be out
of control. If so, the control
limits calculated from the first
20 points are conditional
limits. When you have at least
20 sequential points from a
period when the process is
operating in control,
recalculate control limits.

Excerpted from The Quality


Toolbox, Second Edition, ASQ Quality Press.

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