Scribd
Upload
32 views

8.1. Linear Motion

Linear motion concepts are introduced including speed, velocity, acceleration, displacement, and free fall. Speed is a scalar quantity, while velocity has both magnitude and direction. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time. In free fall, acceleration due to gravity is constant, and equations are provided to calculate velocity, displacement, and distance traveled over time in free fall situations.

Uploaded by

Rizky Jatilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
32 views

8.1. Linear Motion

Linear motion concepts are introduced including speed, velocity, acceleration, displacement, and free fall. Speed is a scalar quantity, while velocity has both magnitude and direction. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time. In free fall, acceleration due to gravity is constant, and equations are provided to calculate velocity, displacement, and distance traveled over time in free fall situations.

Uploaded by

Rizky Jatilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

linear motion

• speed and velocity


• changing velocity
• distance traveled

1
motion
• measured with respect to Earth’s surface
unless otherwise indicated
• unit: meters/second m/s
• speed is the scalar of motion
• velocity is the vector of motion

2
speed
• speed = rate of travel
• average speed = (distance traveled)/time
• “speed” assumes “time” is small
• “average speed” assumes “time” is large
(i.e., speed may vary)
• velocity = speed and direction

3
Velocity
• Velocity is speed in a given direction (velocity is a vector,
speed is a scalar)

• frequently we use “+” to mean “upward” or “rightward”


and “-” to mean “leftward” or “downward”

• Note that an object may have constant speed


but changing velocity

4
Displacement
• displacement = change in position
• when velocity is constant (unchanging),
the displacement = vt, where v = velocity
and t = time.
• Example: velocity = -3m/s, time = 2s, the
displacement is vt = (-3m/s)(2s) = -6m,
i.e., has moved 6 meters in leftward
direction ( - being left, + being right)

5
Acceleration
Acceleration = change of velocity SI unit: m/s/s
time interval

The motorcycle rider


experiences an
acceleration in each
case shown.
What are the
directions for each
case?

6
Question
• Can an object have zero velocity but non-zero acceleration?

Answer: Yes!
Eg. Throw a ball up in the air – at the top of its flight, as it turns around it has
momentarily zero speed but is changing its direction of motion, so has non-
zero acceleration

7
Free fall
• falling under influence of gravity
alone (no air resistance, etc.)
• a = “g” = 10m/s/s
• independent of mass (free-fall)
• from rest: v = gt.

8
object thrown upward
• slows at a rate of g…
• then has zero velocity as it
changes its direction from up
to down.
• then falls speeding up at a
rate of g.
• equal elevations have same
speed (but opposite direction)

9
Free-Fall Distance
• initial velocity = 0
• final velocity = gt
• average velocity = ½ (0 + gt) = ½gt.
• distance d = (average velocity)x(time)
d = ½gt x t  d = ½gt2.
• Example: after 3.0 seconds:
d = ½(10)(3)2 = 5x9 = 45 meters

10
Application: “Hang-time” of jumpers
Michael Jordan’s best hang-time was 0.9 s
Round this to 1 s. How high can he jump?

Use d = ½ g t2 . For 1 s hang-time, that’s ½ s up and ½ s down.

Substituting ½ = 0.5 seconds into the distance equation

d = ½ (10) (0.5)2 = 1.25 m

This is about 4 feet!

11
Question (to think about…)

An airplane makes a straight back-and-forth


round trip, always at the same airspeed,
between two cities. If it encounters a mild
steady tailwind going, and the same steady
headwind returning, will the round trip take:

1. more
2. less
3. the same time as with no wind?

12
For example:

Cities are 600 km apart, and plane’s airspeed is 300 km/h (relative to still air).
Time each way with no wind is 2 hours. Round trip time is 4 hours.

If a 100 km/h tailwind is blowing, the groundspeed is 400 km/h one way and 200
km/h the other. The times are: (600 km)/(400km/h) = 1.5 h
and: (600 km)/(200km/h) = 3.0 h

The round trip now takes 4.5 hours—longer than with no wind at all.

13
3 summary
• speed is the rate of travel
• velocity is speed and direction
• acceleration is the rate of change of
velocity
• for free-fall:
a = g = 10 m/s/s
v = gt
d = ½gt2.
14

You might also like