Scribd
Upload
113 views15 pages

E626A Lec01

Introduction to Embedded System

Uploaded by

soogi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
113 views15 pages

E626A Lec01

Introduction to Embedded System

Uploaded by

soogi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

© Ahmad El-Banna

Integrated Technical Education Cluster


At AlAmeeria‎

E-626-A
Real-time Embedded Systems (RTES)

Lecture #1

SPRING 2015
Introduction to Embedded Systems
Instructor:
Dr. Ahmad El-Banna
© Ahmad El-Banna
Agenda

Course Objectives

RTES, Lec#1 , Spring 2015


Course Information

Introduction to Embedded System


2
© Ahmad El-Banna
Course Objectives
 Determine and analyze the concepts and principles of real-
time systems and definition of embedded systems.

 Build/construct an embedded system around a PIC

RTES, Lec#1 , Spring 2015


microcontroller with evaluating embedded system
performance, correctness, and speed.

 Perform continuation of system performance evaluation.

 Conduct evaluation performance analysis.

3
© Ahmad El-Banna
Course Information
Instructor: Dr. Ahmad El-Banna
http://bu.edu.eg/staff/ahmad.elbanna
Office: Room #305
Email: [email protected]
[email protected]

RTES, Lec#1 , Spring 2015


Lectures: Sunday, 12:30 -14:15

Office Hours: Sunday (14:15~15:30)

T.A.: Eng.

Texts/Notes: • John Catsoulis, Designing Embedded Hardware, 2005.


• Qing Li and Carolyn Yao, Real-Time Concepts for Embedded
Systems, 2003.
• Michael Barr, Programming Embedded Systems in C and C++,
1999.
Assignments • Assignment #1 (P1:P4), 7th week. 4
• Assignment #2 (P5:P8), 14th week.
© Ahmad El-Banna
Lectures List
• Weeks 1:3
• Determine and analyze the concepts and principles of real-time
systems and definition of embedded systems.
• Weeks 4:7

RTES, Lec#1 , Spring 2015


• Build/construct an embedded system around a PIC microcontroller
with evaluating embedded system performance, correctness, and
speed.
• Weeks 8:10
• Perform continuation of system performance evaluation.
• Weeks 11:14
• Conduct evaluation performance analysis.
• Week 15 5
• Course close and feedback
SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED
6

RTES, Lec#1 , Spring 2015 © Ahmad El-Banna


Examples of Embedded Systems

RTES, Lec#1 , Spring 2015 © Ahmad El-Banna


© Ahmad El-Banna
What’s an Embedded System?
• An embedded system (ES) is a combination of computer
hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical or
other parts, designed to perform a specific function.
• A good example is the microwave oven. Almost every

RTES, Lec#1 , Spring 2015


household has one, and tens of millions of them are used
every day.
• Frequently, an embedded system is a component within some
larger system.
• For example, modern cars and trucks contain many embedded
systems.
• If an embedded system is designed well, the existence of the
processor and software could be completely unnoticed by a
user of the device. Such is the case for a microwave oven,
8
VCR, or alarm clock.
© Ahmad El-Banna
Embedded vs. Standalone Systems
• Embedded Systems is in direct contrast to the personal
computer in the family room. It too is comprised of computer
hardware and software and mechanical components (disk
drives, for example).

RTES, Lec#1 , Spring 2015


• However, a personal computer is not designed to perform a
specific function. Rather, it is able to do many different things.
• Many people use the term general-purpose computer to
make this distinction clear.
• At the possible risk of confusing you, it is important to point
out that a general-purpose computer is itself made up of
numerous embedded systems.
• For example, the computer consists of a keyboard, mouse,
video card, modem, hard drive, floppy drive, and sound card-
9
each of which is an embedded system.
© Ahmad El-Banna
Real-Time Systems
• One subclass of embedded systems is worthy of an
introduction at this point.
• As commonly defined, areal-time system is a computer system
that has timing constraints.

RTES, Lec#1 , Spring 2015


• In other words, a real-time system is partly specified in terms
of its ability to make certain calculations or decisions in a
timely manner.
• These important calculations are said to have deadlines for
completion.
• And, for all practical purposes, a missed deadline is just as bad
as a wrong answer.
10
© Ahmad El-Banna
Hard and Soft Real-Time Systems
• The issue of what happens if a deadline is missed is a crucial
one.
• For example, if the real-time system is part of an airplane's
flight control system, it is possible for the lives of the

RTES, Lec#1 , Spring 2015


passengers and crew to be endangered by a single missed
deadline.
• However, if instead the system is involved in satellite
communication, the damage could be limited to a single
corrupt data packet.
• The more severe the consequences, the more likely it will be
said that the deadline is "hard" and, thus, the system a hard
real-time system.
• Real-time systems at the other end of this continuum are said
11
to have "soft" deadlines.
© Ahmad El-Banna
Variations on the theme
• Unlike software designed for general-purpose computers,
embedded software cannot usually be run on other
embedded systems without significant modification.
• This is mainly because of the incredible variety in the

RTES, Lec#1 , Spring 2015


underlying hardware.
• The hardware in each embedded system is tailored specifically
to the application, in order to keep system costs low.
• As a result, unnecessary circuitry is eliminated and hardware
resources are shared wherever possible.

12
© Ahmad El-Banna
A Generic Embedded Systems
• By definition all embedded systems contain a processor and
software, but what other features do they have in common?
• Certainly, in order to have software, there must be a place to
store the executable code and temporary storage for runtime

RTES, Lec#1 , Spring 2015


data manipulation. These take the form of ROM and RAM,
respectively.
• All embedded systems also contain some type of inputs and
outputs. (u wave oven)

13
© Ahmad El-Banna
Design Requirements of ES
• Production cost • Number of units
• Processing power • Expected lifetime
• Memory • Reliability
•

RTES, Lec#1 , Spring 2015


Development cost

14
The range of possible values for each of the previous design requirements.
© Ahmad El-Banna
• For more details, refer to:
• Chapter 1, Michael Barr, Programming Embedded Systems in C
and C++, 1999.
• The lecture is available online at:

RTES, Lec#1 , Spring 2015


• http://bu.edu.eg/staff/ahmad.elbanna-courses
• For inquires, send to:
• [email protected]

15

You might also like