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Chemistry Project File

This document appears to be a chemistry project submitted by Brajendra Singh Kushwah for class 12 on preparing rayon threads from filter paper. It includes an index, certificate of excellence, acknowledgements, aim, list of required apparatus and chemicals, background information on rayon, introduction on cellulose and the processes to make cuprammonium and viscose rayon. It then describes the reactions, procedure to make Schweitzer's solution and prepare the rayon threads, precautions taken, and bibliography cited. The overall aim was to prepare a sample of rayon threads from filter paper under teacher guidance.

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Brajendra Singh Kushwah
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274 views16 pages

Chemistry Project File

This document appears to be a chemistry project submitted by Brajendra Singh Kushwah for class 12 on preparing rayon threads from filter paper. It includes an index, certificate of excellence, acknowledgements, aim, list of required apparatus and chemicals, background information on rayon, introduction on cellulose and the processes to make cuprammonium and viscose rayon. It then describes the reactions, procedure to make Schweitzer's solution and prepare the rayon threads, precautions taken, and bibliography cited. The overall aim was to prepare a sample of rayon threads from filter paper under teacher guidance.

Uploaded by

Brajendra Singh Kushwah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

MARTHOMA ACADEMY,

INDORE

SESSION:-2020-2021

CHEMISTRY PROJECT
ROLL NO:-______

CLASS:-12 science
TH

Submitted To: Submitted By:


MRS. RITU UPADHYAY BRAJENDRA SINGH KUSHWAH
INDEX
Sr no. Content Page no.

1.Certificate of Excellence 1

2.Acknownledgment 2

3.Aim 3

4.Apparatus Required 4

5.Chemical required 5

6.Backgound 6

7.Introduction 7

8.Reaction 9

9.Procedure 10

10.Precautions 13

11.Bibliography 14
1

Certificate

Roll No:______ Exam No:_______

This is to certify that Brajendra Singh Kushwah student of class


12th has successfully completed the research on the below
mentioned project under the guidance of Mrs. Ritu Upadhyay(sub
teacher) during the year of 2018-19 in partial fulfillment of
Chemistry practical examination conducted by N.G International
school.

Regards,

_____________ ______________

Teacher in charge Examiner

_____________

Principal
2

Acknowledgement

In the accomplishment of this project successfully, Many


people have best owned upon me their blessings and the
heart pledge support, this time I am utilizing to thank all the
people who have been concerned with this project.

Primarily I would like thank god for being able to complete


this project with success. Then I would like to thank my
principal Mrs. Girija V. Menon and my Chemistry
teacher Mrs. Ritu Upadhyay whose valuable guidance
has been the ones that helped me patch this project and
make it full proof success, his suggestions and instruction
has served as the major contribution towards the
completion of this project.Then I would like to thank my
parents who have helped me with their valuable
suggestions and guidance has been very helpful in various
phases of the completion of the project.

3
Aim

To prepare a sample of
rayon threads from filter
paper.

4
Apparatus
Required
1. Conical flask (preferably 250 ml)

2. Funnel

3. Glass rod

4.Beaker (preferably 250 ml)

5. Water bath

6.Filter paper (Whatman paper or ordinary


filter paper sheets. Preferably, Whatman).

5
Chemicals Required
1. CuSO4

2. NaOH solution

3. Liquor ammonia solution

4. Dilute H2SO4

5. Whatman Paper

6. Distilled H2O

Background
Rayon is a synthetic fiber produced from
cellulose. Developed in an attempt to produce
silk chemically, it was originally called artificial
silk or wood silk. Rayon is a regenerated fiber,
because cellulose is converted to a liquid
compound and then back to cellulose in the form
of fiber. For example, cuprammonium rayon is
made by dissolving cellulose in an ammoniacal
copper sulphate solution.

The characteristics of rayon fibers are:


1.They are highly absorbent,
2.Soft and comfortable, 3.Easy
to dye &
4. Drape well.
7

Introduction

Cellulose is nature’s own giant molecule.


It is the fibrous material that every plant
from seaweed to the sequoiamakes by
baking glucose molecules in long chains;
the chains are bound together in the fibers
that give plantstheir shape and strength.
Wood has now become the main source
of cellulose. Since it contains only 40%
to 50% cellulose, the substance must be
extracted by ‘pulping’. The logs are
flaked, and then simmered in
chemicalsthat dissolve the tarry lignin,
resins and minerals. The remaining pulp,
about 93% cellulose, is dried and rolled
into sheets-raw material for paper, rayon
and other products.
8

It can be obtained in 2 ways:

1. Viscose Process: Cellulose is soaked in 30%


caustic soda solution for about 3 hrs. The alkali
solution is removed and the product is treated
with CSi. This gives cellulose xanthate, which is
dissolved in NaOH solution to give viscous
solution. This is filtered and forced through a
spinneret into a dilute H2SO4 solution, both of
which harden the gum-like thread into rayon
fibers. The process of making viscose was
discovered by C. F .Cross and EJ.Bevan in
1891.

2. Cuprammonium Rayon: Cuprammonium rayon


is obtained by dissolving pieces of filter paper in a
deep blue solution containing tetra-ammine cupric
hydroxide[Cu(NH3)4](OH)2].The latter is obtained
from a solution of copper sulphate. To it, NH 4OH
solution is added to precipitate cupric hydroxide,
which is then dissolved in excess of NH3.
9

Reactions

CuSO4+ 2NH4OH —> Cu(OH)2+ (NH4)2SO4


Pale blue ppt

Cu(OH)2 + 4NH4OH —> [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2 +


4H2O

[Cu(NH2)4](OH)2 + pieces of filter paper left


for 10-15 days give a viscous solution called
viscose
10

Procedure
A. Preparation of Schweitzer’s Solution:
a) Way 20g of CuSO.5H2O.

b) Transfer this to a beaker having 100ml distilled


water and add 15ml of dilute H2SO4 to prevent
hydrolysis of CuSO4.

c) Stir it with a glass rod till a clear solution is


obtained. Add 11 ml of liquor ammonia drop by
drop with slow stirring. The precipitate of cupric
hydroxide is separated out.

d) Filter the solution containing cupric hydroxide


through a funnel with filter paper.

e) Wash the precipitate of cupric hydroxide with


water until the filtrate fails to give a positive test
for sulphate ions with barium chloride solution.
11

f) Transfer the precipitate to a beaker that contains


50ml of liquor ammonia or wash it down the
funnel.

The precipitate when dissolved in liquor ammonia


gives a deep blue solution of tetra-ammine cupric
hydroxide. This is known as SCHWEITZER’S
SOLUTION.

B. Preparation of Cellulose material

a) After weighing 2g of filter paper divide it into


very fine pieces and then transfer these pieces
to thetetra-ammine cupric hydroxide solution
in the beaker.

b) Seal the flask and keep for 10 to 15 days,


during this period the filter paper is dissolved
completely.
12

C. Formation of Ravon Thread

a) Take 50ml of distilled water in a glass container.


To this add 20ml of conc. H2SO4 drop by drop.
Cool the solution under tap water. In a big glass
container pour some of the solution.
b) Fill the syringe with cellulose solution
prepared before.
c) Place the big glass container containing H2SO4
solution produced before in ice (the reaction being
spontaneous results in excess release of energy in the
form of heat which makes the fibers weak and breaks
them).

d) Immerse the tip of the syringe in the solution and


press gently. Notice the fibers getting formed in
the acid bath. Continue to move your hand and
keep pressing the syringe to extrude more fibers
into the bath.
e) Leave the fibers in solution till they decolorize
and become strong enough.
13
f) Filter and wash with distilled water

Precautions
a) Addition of excess NH3 should be avoided.

b) Before taking the viscose in the syringe


make sure that it does not contain any
particles of paper,otherwise, it would clog
the needle of the syringe.

c) Addition of NH3 should be done in a fume


cupboard and with extreme care. The
fumes if inhaled may cause giddiness.

d) Use a thick needle otherwise the fibers


won’t come out.
14

Bibliography
• Chemistry (Part I& Part 2) –
Textbook NCERT 
Together With Lab Manual
Chemistry XII;
• www.wikepedia.com
• www.scribd.com
• www.google.com

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