CNET

222 Lab 2 Installing Ubuntu

Centennial College
Information and Communication Engineering Technology

Course: CNET 222

Lab 2: Installing Ubuntu

Instructions:

• Create a new Microsoft Word document

• Take screen shots where specified in the lab manual and paste
them into your Word document in the correct order.
• Make sure each image shows all the required information
including your virtual machine name as well as date and time of
the host computer.
• Total number of screen shots: 7

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Exercise 1. Creating a New Virtual Machine and Ubuntu Installation

1. Start VMware Workstation, then click on either Create a New Virtual Machine or
File→New Virtual Machine...

2. Select the Custom configuration and click Next.

3. Virtual Machine Hardware Compatibility: If you are also going to be using the VM on
an older version of VMware Workstation (for example, at home), choose the required
compatibility. If you do not need backward compatibility, leave the default selection and
click Next.

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4. Choose the I will install the operating system later option and click Next.

5. Select Linux as the guest OS and select Ubuntu 64-bit as the version from the drop
down menu.

6. In the text box for Virtual machine name enter:
“Ubuntu-” + your initials + last four digits of student number
Choose the “Location:” to be in your USB drive. Make sure you create a folder
preferably with the same name as your virtual machine. If you fail to do this, your
virtual machine files will be scattered in the folder you have selected.
Then click Next.

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7. Processor Configuration: Increase the number of processors to 2 (based on the
recommended requirements for the Ubuntu desktop). Click Next.
8. Increase the memory to 4GB (4096MB) for better performance. The minimum required
is just 1GB.
9. Select Network Address Translation as the network type and click Next.
10. Leave the recommended I/O controllers and click Next.
11. Leave the recommended disk type and click Next.
12. Select Create a new virtual disk and click Next.
13. Increase the maximum disk size to 30GB. Choose between storing the disk as a single
file or splitting it into multiple files. The trade-off here is between individual file size
and VM performance. Click Next.

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14. Keep the default disk file and click Next.
15. Review the virtual machines settings.
Take screen shot # 1 showing the Virtual Machine specifications.
Click Finish.

16. The virtual machine has been created but has no operating system installed yet. Before
we power it on, we must mount the iso image. In order to do this, from the VM home
page, click on CD/DVD (SATA) under Devices. Then select Use ISO image file and
browse to the Ubuntu iso file on your disk. Click OK.

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17. Power on the virtual machine. On the Welcome Page, click Install Ubuntu. (Make sure
the language selected is “English”).

18. Keyboard Layout: Keep the default English (US) and click Continue.
19. Updates and other Software: Select the Normal installation. In other options,
Choosing to Download updates while installing might take some additional time now
but will save time later. Click Continue.
20. Installation Type: Select Erase disk and install Ubuntu and click Install Now. When
prompted to write the changes to disk, click Continue.
Note: if you want to create custom partitions on the virtual disk you can click “Something
Else” here and partition the disk.

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21. Where are you?: page, select Toronto. Click Continue.

22. Who are you?: Fill out the information as follows:
• Your name: your full name (first and last)
• Your computer’s name: initials-ubuntu (All lowercase, for example, fs-
ubuntu)
• Pick a username: your first name (It must all lower case, for example,
fareha)
• Choose a password: Pa$$w0rd
• Confirm your password: Pa$$w0rd
Leave all other options as is and click Continue.
The installation can take a few minutes to complete.

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23. When the installation is complete, click I Finished Installing on the bottom then click
Restart Now. If you are prompted to remove the installation media, click
VM→Settings→CD/DVD (SATA). Select “Use physical drive” and click OK. Then restart the
virtual machine. You might have to Shutdown the guest to change the settings.
24. Once the restart is complete, Take screen shot # 2 of the login screen.

25. Login with the user created during installation.
26. Online Accounts: Click Skip.
27. What’s new in Ubuntu?: Click Next.
28. Livepatch: Click Next.
29. Help improve Ubuntu: Select No, don’t send system info and click Next.
30. Privacy: Click Next.
31. You’re ready to go!: Click Done.
32. If you see a Software Updater pop-up, click Install Now to install any updates.
33. Open the terminal by right-clicking anywhere on the desktop and clicking Open in
Terminal from the menu.

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34. Enter the following command to view the network information of the Ubuntu VM.
ip a
Take screen shot # 3 showing the result of the command.

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35. Open Firefox from the sidebar. Browse to www.centennialcollege.ca.
Take screen # 4 of the college website.

36. Shutdown Ubuntu before the next exercise.

Exercise 2. Adding a New Network Card and Setting a Static IP Address

1. From the VMware menu, click on VM→Settings. Then click on Add to add a new piece of
virtual hardware.

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2. Select Network Adapter and click on Finish. Make sure the Host-only network
connection is selected for the new adapter. Click OK.

3. Power on Ubuntu and login.
4. Open the Network Settings by clicking the downward arrow on the top right-corner of
the task bar, expanding Ethernet (ens38) Connected and clicking Wired Settings.

5. Click the gear icon beside Ethernet (ens38) and on the IPv4 tab, select the Manual IP
method and enter the following information:
a. IP address: 172.16.0.15
b. Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
c. Default gateway: 172.16.0.2
d. DNS: 172.16.0.15 (Automatic OFF)

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6. Click Apply.
7. Turn ens 38 off and then on for the setting to take affect.

8. Open a terminal window and type the following command to see the ip information
ip a
Take screen shot # 5 showing the result of the command.
You can open Firefox again and verify that the Internet is working correctly.

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Exercise 3. Package Management: Installing VM Tools and the Vim Text

Editor
Apt-get is a popular package manager used on Debian-based distributions including
Ubuntu. It can be used to manage updates and to install or remove packages from the
system. Apt-get works by searching through a repository of packages. By default, it is
configured to use the trusted Ubuntu repositories. Apt-cache is a related command that
helps in queries regarding updates. Apt is another command available on some
distributions that puts together the most used features of apt-get and apt-cache in an easily
used format. In this exercise, we will practice some basic apt-get and apt commands.
1. Open the Terminal and type the following command to install open source VM tools for
Ubuntu:
sudo apt-get install open-vm-tools-desktop
Enter Pa$$w0rd when prompted for the password. Hit Y when asked to confirm the
installation. Note that the package should be installed already with Ubuntu 20.
2. Type the following command to install vim and automatically answer yes to all prompts
sudo apt-get -y install vim
Take screen shot # 6 showing the successful installation of vim.

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3. Apt can be used to check for updates to the system and software installed on it using
either of the following commands:
sudo apt list --upgradeable
or
apt-get --just-print upgrade
4. Sometimes apt can run into issues and the best way to start fixing these is by cleaning
up the metadata and cache that apt creates. Doing this periodically even when there is
no error ensures that apt continues to work optimally. Run the following commands to
clean up apt:
sudo apt-get check
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoremove
Take screen shot # 7 showing these commands ran successfully.
5. By default, apt checks for updates daily immediately after the system boots. This is very
important to keep your system up-to-date and secure. However, in our course this
usually interferes with the manual installation of packages and therefore we will
disable these on our virtual machine (Note that this is not best practice). Run the
following four commands to stop these daily checks and updates:
sudo systemctl disable apt-daily.service
sudo systemctl disable apt-daily.timer
sudo systemctl disable apt-daily-upgrade.timer
sudo systemctl disable apt-daily-upgrade.service

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Exercise 4. Disable Automatic Updates

1. Click on Show Applications on the bottom left and search for updates.

2. Click on Software & Updates and click the Updates tab. Modify the settings as shown
in the image below. Click Close and on ‘The information about available software is
out-of-date’ pop-up, click Reload.

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Submit your Word Document to the correct Assignment Folder.

Shut down you Virtual Machine

Make sure you have all your work on your external USB hard disk.

You are done!

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Appendix A. Linux Review (Ungraded)

1. On-line help on a Linux system:
• The manual pages are one of the most fundamental command-line tool in any
UNIX/Linux system. Manual pages are on-line documents that describe how to use
a command or system utility. To access the manual pages, type:
man <command>
• It is possible for a single command to lead to multiple manual pages. The man
command normally displays only the first manual page it finds for a given topic.
The manual page sections are as follows:
i. Section #1 User Commands
ii. Section #2 System Calls
iii. Section #3 Subroutines
iv. Section #4 Devices
v. Section #5 File Formats
vi. Section #6 Games
vii. Section #7 Miscellaneous
viii. Section #8 Administration
To view all the manual pages for a given topic in succession, you must use the –a
option (man –a command)
• Nearly every command supports either –h or –help as a special option that causes
the command to print a brief help message about itself.
2. Switching users at the terminal, command su <username>:
• In Linux it is possible to execute commands as a different user on the terminal.
You can switch to any username as long as you know the password.
3. You can also start an interactive terminal session as the root user. Type sudo -i and
then enter the password of the user you are logged in as when prompted (Note that
although you cannot see the password being typed, the system is accepting input).
• Once you are the root user, note the difference in the command prompt ($ vs #).

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• Security practices recommend that once you have completed the commands you
need to execute as the administrator you should switch back to your ordinary
user. You can do this by typing exit at the command prompt.
4. Review the commands below. Use the manual pages to find out what they do and fill out
the table.
Linux Command Description
cd
pwd
more
less
head
tail
rm
mv
cp
mkdir
rmdir
clear

5. You can close the terminal by typing exit or clicking the X on the left right corner.

Appendix B. Shutdown
To shutdown Ubuntu, click on the gear in the upper right corner and then click on
‘Shutdown’. You can also shutdown from the terminal by typing the following command:
sudo shutdown now

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