ASSUMPTIONS AND NATURE OF ART  Create order & harmony

HUMANITIES  Assumptions of Art

 Art is universal
 Humanities came from the Latin word “humanus”
 Art is not nature.
meaning refined, cultured and human.
 Arts involve experience.
 study of the different cultural aspect of man, his
frailties in life and how it can be improved.
 Popular Art Expressions
 records man’s quest for answers to the
fundamental questions he asks about himself and
1. Visual Arts
about life.
 are those that appeal to the sense of sight
 Humanities are expressions of man’s feelings and
and are mainly visual in nature.
thoughts
 is the kind of art form that the population
 emphasizes dignity and worthiness of man and
is most likely more exposed to
recognizes creative expressions
 include paintings, drawings, lettering,
 aimed to shape students subjective energies
printing, sculptures, digital imaging, and
(feelings, attitudes and aspirations)
more.
2. Film
 Importance of Humanities
 refers to the art of putting together
 Man needs an image of himself
successions of still images in order to
 Understanding of his natures
create an illusion of movement.
 Necessary for the development of a complete,
 can be created by using one or a
social man
combination of some or all of these
 Necessary for the development of a complete,
techniques: motion-picture camera (also
social man
known as movie camera), animation
 Regulate man’s behavior
techniques, Computer-Generated imagery
ARTS (CGI), and more.
3. Performance Art
 Art comes from the Aryan root word “ar” which  is a live art and the artist’s medium is
means “to put together” mainly the human body which he or she
 Latin word “ars” which means “skills/ability” uses to perform.
 cover those areas of artistic creativity —  usually consists of four important
embraces the visual arts, literature, music and elements: time, place, the performer(s),
dance and a relationship between the audience
 expresses aesthetic ideas by use of skill & and the performer(s).
imagination 4. Poetry Performance
 is an art form where the artist expresses
 Division of the Arts his emotions not by using paint, charcoal,
 Visual — arts that are primarily seen, or camera, but expresses them through
occupies space. words.
 Auditory — heard, timed arts; exist in time  words, combined with movements, tone,
 Combined/performing arts — combines volume, and intensity of the delivery, add
visual & auditory elements to the artistic value of the poem.
5. Architecture
 Purposes of The Arts  is the making of beautiful buildings
 Provide decoration  not all buildings can be considered
 Reveal truth architecture.
 Immortalize  should embody these three important
 Express religious values elements: plan, construction, and design.
 Record and commemorate experience
  is often referred to as the “mother of the  Artists in this field bring beauty, charm,
arts” because it houses, serves as and comfort into many things that are
background for, or occurs in relation to useful in everyday life.
other fields of art.  Industrial design, interior design, fashion
 Materials used include stone, concrete, design, and graphic design are considered
brick, wood, steel, glass, and plaster. applied arts.
6. Dance
 is a series of movements that follows the FUNCTIONS AND EXPRESSIONS OF ART
rhythm of the music accompaniment.
1. As a Therapy
 is a creative form that allows people to
 Art can be and is used as therapy for
freely express themselves
individuals with a variety of illnesses, both
 in art expression, dancers are not
physical and mental.
confined to set steps and rules but are
2. As an Artifact
free to create and invent their own
 Artifact — a product of a particular time
movements as long as they deem them
and place, an artwork represents the
graceful and beautiful.
ideas and technology of that specific time
 Dance — French “dancier,” generally
and place.
refers to human movement either used as
 The insights we gain into cultures,
a form of expression or presented in a
including our own are enhanced
social, spiritual, or performnace setting.
tremendously by such artifacts as
 Choreography — is the art of making
paintings, sculptures, poems, plays, and
dances, and the person who does this is
buildings.
called a choreographer.
3. Personal Function of Art
7. Literary Art
 The personal functions of art are varied
 communicate emotion to the readers
and highly subjective. This means that its
 focuses on writing using a unique style,
function depends on the person — the
not following a specific form or norm.
artist who created the art.
 It may include both fiction and non-fiction
 art is also used to help people process
such as novels, biographies and poems.
their emotions or while away their time.
 Examples of famous literary artist and
4. Social Function of Art
their work include The Little Prince by
 Art is considered to have a social function
Antoine de Saint-Exupery and Romeo and
if and when it addresses a particular
Juliet by William Shakespeare.
collective interest as opposed to a
8. Theater
personal interest.
 uses live performers to present accounts
 Political art is a very common example of
or imaginary events before a live
an art with a social function.
audience.
 Art may convey message of protest,
 usually follows a script
contestation, or whatever message the
 also considers several elements such as
artist intends his work to carry.
acting, gesture, lighting, sound effects
5. Physical Function of Art
musical score, scenery, and props.
 The physical functions of art can be found
 Some genres of theater include drama,
in artworks that are crafted in order to
musical, tragedy, comedy and
serve some physical purpose.
improvisation.
 Architecture, jewelry-making, and even
9. Applied Arts
interior design are all forms of arts that
 incorporate elements of style and design
have physical function.
to everyday items with the aim of
6. Art as a Representation
increasing their aesthetical value.
 art is a form of imitation (Plato)
  Aristotle considered art as an aid to such as shapes, lines, emotion, and even
philosophy in revealing truth. concept.
 Unlike Plato who thought that art is an
imitation of another imitation, Aristotle  Sources of Subject
conceived of art as representing possible  Nature
versions of reality.  History
7. Art as a Disinterested Judgment  Sacred Oriental Texts
 Immanuel Kant considered the judgment  Greek and Roman Mythology
of beauty, the cornerstone of art, as  Judeo-Christian Tradition
something that can be universal despite  Other works of art
its subjectivity.
8. Art as a Communication of Emotion  Kinds of Subject
 Art plays a huge role in communication to  History
its audience’s emotions that the artist  Landscape
previously experienced.  Still Life
 Art serves as a language, a  Animals
communication device that articulates  Nature
feelings and emotions that are otherwise  Fantasies
unavailable to the audience.  Myth
 In the same way that language  Dreams
communicates information to other
 Mythology
people, art communicates emotions.
 Figures
 In listening to music, in watching an
 Seascape
opera, and in reading poems. The
 Cityscape
audience is at the receiving end of the
artist communicating his feelings and
 Content in Art
emotions.
1. Factual — pertains to the most rudimentary
SUBJECT AND CONTENT level of meaning for it may be extracted from
the identifiable or recognizable forms in the
 Subject refers to the visual focus or the image artwork and understanding how these
that may be extracted from examining the elements relate to one another.
artwork. 2. Conventional —pertains to the acknowledged
 Content is the meaning that is communicated interpretation of the artwork using motifs,
by the artist or the artwork. signs, symbols and other cyphers as bases of
 Form refers to how the elements and the its meaning. These conventions are
medium or material are put together established through time, strengthened by
recurrent use and wide acceptance by its
 Types of Subject viewers or audience and scholars who study
 Representational art — These types of art then.
have subjects that refer to object or events 3. Subjectivities — when consulted, a variety of
occurring in the real world. Often, it is also meaning may arise when a particular work of
termed figurative art, because as the name art is read. These meanings stem from the
suggest, the figures depicted are easy to viewer’s or audience’s circumstances that
makes out and decipher. come into play when engaging with art.
 Non-representational — This art does not
make a reference to the real world, whether it
is a person, place, thing, or even a particular
event. It is stripped down to visual elements
 ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART  Three Main Types of Lines
1. Repetition — occurs when two or more lines
VISUAL ELEMENTS are drawn within a corner following the lines
of the corner.
 are the visual components which are required
2. Contrast — lines that are in opposition to
to create a work of art.
each other.
3. Transition Line — is a line that connects two
 The Elements of Visual Arts
workflow elements. Transition lines allow you
1. Lines
to define what the next step in a workflow
2. Colors
will be.
3. Texture
4. Perspective COLOR
5. Space
6. Form  Color refers to the visual perception of light
7. Volume being reflected from a surface of an artwork.
 In the most basic classification, colors can be
LINES divided into three groups: primary, secondary
and tertiary.
 is an important element at the disposal of
 A color wheel is an abstract illustrative
every artist.
organization of color hues around a circle,
 always has direction, always moving.
that shows relationships between primary,
 is used in any work of art, may either be
secondary, and tertiary colors, etc.
straight or curved.
 Lines are the first element of art and are
 Attributes of Color
continuous marks that are made on any
 Hue is the term for the pure spectrum colors
surface with a moving point.
commonly referred to by the "color names"
 Lines can be used in various ways to create
(red, orange, yellow, blue, green violet) which
different compositions.
appear in the hue circle or rainbow.
 A line can be used to express various things or
Theoretically all hues can be mixed from three
feelings; it can be used to show various
basic hues, known as primaries.
moods or anything abstract.
 Value refers to the lightness or darkness of a
 Line serves as an essential building block of
color. It is the quality which depends on the
art, but it can also serve as the content itself
amount of light and dark in color.
of a work of art, or be manipulated to evoke
 Tints are values above the normal
an emotional or intellectual response from
viewer (Fichner-Rathus, 2010).  Shades are values below the normal.
 Intensity refers to the brightness or darkness
 Kinds of Lines of color. It gives color strength. When a hue is
 Vertical lines are poised for action. They are vivid form, it is said to be in full intensity.
poised, balanced, forceful, and dynamic. They When it is dulled, it is said to be partly
express an impression of dignity. Only vertical neutralized.
lines can be used to express an orderly feeling
 Horizontal lines are lines of repose and  Psychology of Colors
serenity. They express ideas of calmness and  Black is associated with death and gloom
quiescence. Only horizontal lines can give a  White stands for purity and innocence
feeling of peacefulness and stillness.  Red is associated with blood, anger and fear
 Diagonal lines are used to create feelings of  Green implies happiness and abundance
movement or action.
 Curved lines, sometimes referred as S curves,
suggest gracefulness or sexiness.
TEXTURE  When talking about a three-dimensional
object, space is the actual volume that is
 is the element that deals more directly with taken up by the artwork.
the sense of touch.  Space, as an element of art, refers to
 applies to how an object feels or appears to distances or areas around, between or within
feel. components of a piece. 
 Texture is the element that deals more  Space can be positive (white or light)
directly with the sense of touch. or negative (black or dark),
 It has to do with the characteristics of open or closed, shallow or deep, and two-
surfaces which can be rough or smooth, fine dimensional or three-dimensional.
or coarse, shiny or dull, plain or irregular.  Sometimes space isn't actually within a piece,
 can be either implied or actual. but the illusion of it is.
 Implied texture expresses the idea of how
a surface might feel. For example, a  Kinds of Space
painting of a blanket might convey the  Positive space — the areas in a work of art
idea that the blanket is soft. that are the subjects, or areas of interest.
 Actual texture, on the other hand, is  Negative space — areas around the subjects,
texture that can actually be felt. For or areas of interest.
example, a ceramic bowl might feature a
carved texture that could be felt when FORM
holding that bowl.
 Form applies to the over-all design of a work
PERSPECTIVE of art.
 It describes the structure or shape of an
 deals with the effect of distance upon the object.
appearance of objects, by means of which the  Form refers to a three-dimensional object. As
eye judges spatial relationships. such, form is an art term that is only applied
to those artworks that are three-dimensional,
 Kinds of Perspective such as sculpture and pottery.
 Linear perspective is the representation of an  Forms, much like shapes, can be geometric or
appearance of distance by means of organic. Geometric forms have hard lines and
converging lines. It has to do with the
edges. Organic forms are curvy and more
direction of lines and with the size of objects. free-form.
 Foreshortening is the representation of
objects or parts of the body as smaller  Types of Form
from the point of view of the observer.  Organic forms such as these snow-covered
 Aerial perspective is the representation of boulders typically are irregular in outline, and
relative distances of objects by gradations of often asymmetrical. Organic forms are most
tone or color. Objects become fainter in the often thought of as naturally occurring.
distance due to the effect of the atmosphere.  Geometric forms are those which correspond
Objects appear to be lighter in color as they to named regular shapes, such as squares,
recede into the distance or atmosphere. rectangles, circles, cubes, spheres, cones, and
SPACE other regular forms. 

 refers to how the artist fills the surface on VOLUME

which a work of art is created. It can also refer  Volume refers to the amount of space
to the expression of depth within a work of occupied in three dimensions.
art.  It refers to solidity or thickness.
 PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN Such variations are seen in progressive
rhythm, in which the rhythm of elements of a
 Principles of Design refer to the visual work of art such as shape, texture, or color
strategies used by artists, in conjunction with change slightly as they move, or progress
the elements of arts – for expressive purposes toward a defined point in the composition.
(Fichner-Rathus, 2008).
 Include: BALANCE
 Harmony
 Balance is the concept of visual equilibrium,
 Balance
and relates to our physical sense of balance. It
 Rhythm
is a reconciliation of opposing forces in a
 Emphasis
composition that results in visual stability.
 Proportion
 Most successful compositions achieve balance
 Unity
in one of two ways: symmetrically or
 Simplicity
asymmetrically.
 Clarity
 Contrast  Types of Balance
 Variety  Symmetrical Balance — the type of
HARMONY balance in which the elements of a work
are balanced by similarity of form or
 Harmony in visual design means all parts of arrangement on either side of a dividing
the visual image relate to and complement line or plane, or to correspondence of
each other. parts, as in size, shape, or position.
 Harmony is the visually satisfying effect of Symmetrical balance can be described as
combining similar or related elements. having equal "weight" on equal sides of a
centrally placed fulcrum. It may also be
RHYTHM referred to as formal balance. When the
 is organized movement, a beat, a repetition. elements are arranged equally on either
 is created by repetition, and repetitive side of a central axis, the result is Bilateral
patterns convey a sense of movement. symmetry. This axis may be horizontal or
 in the visual arts, the viewer perceives rhythm vertical. It is also possible to build formal
by grouping elements such as color, line and balance by arranging elements equally
shape. around a central point, resulting in radial
 Rhythmical patterns help the eye to move symmetry.
easily from one part of the room to another  Asymmetrical Balance — the type of balance
or from one part of a design to another in which there are more than slight
(Sanchez, et al., 2009). differences between the divided areas of a
work, yet there is an overall sense of balance.
 Types of Rhythm EMPHASIS
 Regular Repetition — steady, evenly spaced
pattern.  “All emphasis is no emphasis”
 Minimalism — an abstract art
movement begun in the 1960s that  Types of Emphasis
emphasizes the use of pure and  Emphasis by Directional Lines
simple shapes and materials.  Emphasis by Isolation
 Alternating Rhythm — a type of rhythm in
UNITY
which different elements in a work repeat
themselves in predictable order.  Unity is a powerful concept.
 Progressive Rhythm — Minor variations in  In art, unity implies harmony. It suggests that
rhythm can add interest to a composition. the parts of a composition are there by
 happenstance; rather, they fit together to
form a meaningful whole (Fichner-Rathus,
2008).
 Unity is powerful, but, as the British writer
Aphra Behn said, “Variety is the soul of
pleasure.” Without variety, life would
comprise a bland sameness, a cookie-cutter
existence from which we all shrink. Variety in
art, as in life, is seductive. It demands our
attention, turns the predictable on edge
(Fichner-Rathus, 2008).

PROPORTION

 Proportion refers to the relative size and scale

of the various elements in a design. The issue
is the relationship between objects, or parts,
of a whole. This means that it is necessary to
discuss proportion in terms of the context or
standard used to determine proportions.

CONTRAST

 refers to the arrangement of opposite

elements (light vs. dark colors, rough vs.
smooth textures, large vs. small shapes, etc.)