Name:_AInS>urer Kor Date: Period: POGIL: INTRODUCTWON TO CHEMISTRY Model 1: Atomic Structure Why? = | Atoms make up everything around us—from the food on our plate to the materials that make up buildings. How do we know what to make those substances out of? How do ‘we know what nutrients are in our food? The answer is that we know about the properties of the atoms that make them up. In order to get to that point, we must first understand the composition of atoms and how to determine that based upon the information provided to us on the periodic table. Particle | Symbol | Relative Charge | Absolute Mass | Relative Mass | Location in the | |___atom = = STOO O_ | Bieatron cloud pe S167 077 kg 1 “Nucleus of 0 [4675x1071 i Nucleus Memory Clues: Protons: Positive 3 N's for Neutrons: Neutrons, Neutral, Nucleus 1. A quantum model of the atom is a drawing that represents the nucleus and the electron cloud. Draw the quantum model of the atom, labeling the three subatomic particles described above and. labeling the name of thelr location. Qa et “uclers : : SeMteNNNO cama or ens eee lef / 2. What do you notice about the relative mass of, of the proton and neutron? What about the electron? >), aad same mass for the proton and neutron The mess of Hero weetron is Much Smaller Since the masses of the subatomic particles are so small, we use another unit to discuss their mass: atomic mass unit (amu). One amu is the mass of a proton. In this way, we can discuss and tise the masses of protons (which, relatively speaking, Is the same as the mass of a neutron) to determine the atomic mass of a particular atom. The atomic mass is the total number of protons + neutrons in the nucleus of the atom, The atomic mass is the average of all of the masses of the different isotopes of elements (isotopes will be discussed later). 3. Is the mass of an electron taken into account for the atomic mass? Why or why not? Nos it is wo smalk jo be significant 4. 1 amu is equivalent to how many protons? = POGIL™ Actes for High Schoo iay Vamu = | preter) . iModel 2: Reading the Periodic Table The numbers on the periodic table have significance! As pictured above, the periodic table tells you an element's atomic number, atomic mass, and symbol. But what do those all mean? The atomic number tells you the number of protons an element has. Notice how no two elements have the same atomic number. As a result, you can identify an element's identity based upon the number of protons it contains. If an element is neutral, meaning it has no charge, then the atomic number can tell you the number of electrons as well. However, the atomic number can only tell you the number of protons 100% of the time. Mass number is not represented on the periodic table. However, It tells us the number of protons plus neutrons for a particular atom of an element. The atomic mass is the average of the mass numbers of all isotopes (isotopes have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons) of an element found in nature, The unit for atomic mass is amu. 5, What can knowing the number of protons allow you to do? To denny Ane element. 6. An unknown element has an atomic number of 8. What element is it? OngQr . 7. What can the atomic number ALWAYS tell you? What conditions allow it to tell you the number of electrons as well? can saup tent uo He Number of protuns: ce can sometimes kell us Ye urna oF electrons LE Phe ctor «18 erecta newkro® , POGIL™ Acthiis for High School Biology x 2Model 3: Defining Elements and Compounds ‘The Model: Fe is the elemental form of iron, Cis the elemental form of carbon, Chis the elemental form of chlorine, FeCl, is a compound formed from the elements iron and chlorine 1. What does the subscript 2 indicate in Ck? There are ZL oxoms of Chlonne. 2. What is implied when there is no subscript? There is ocom 3. Evaluate the statement, "The formulas for elements never contain a subscript.” Is this statement true? Falge- even i$ ere is methine ted vorFren 1 is imped. Also, PREST Clements eaist be vous enon oer 4, From the two examples provided, would you expect the formula Ss to represent io ine. a compound t6"4n element? An element 5. Using examples from the Model, explain how you classified Se. atoms’ outer orbitats ore, Mot Fuh & electors, There is only sulfur atorns Se his the Exercising Your Knowledge Clementat Siok and not ov 6. Classify each formula below as an element or a compound: compound a.co__Comocuind b. Cacl2_COr val <.CsOH comer d.B2__clement e. NaBr__Compawad £, sioz_Compsundt or ad 9. PF5___ Gorn an cota hP4___ leone 1. OF2 com j. CeH20s_element POGIL™ Aatles fr High Schoo Bllogy 3Summarizing Your Thoughts 7. What clues are given in chemical formulas that allow you to differentiate between an element and a compound? -TF Anere \S more tan \ Chemie ad symbool Anan he mi is a Compound. is 2 of More “A carnpaund adkoms bondoc Aiecent types of apes FOGI™ Activites for High School Biology 4Model 4: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Directions: Use the chart below and your periodic table to answer the questions that follow. PART I: COMPARING ELEMENTS Group One and Group Two both show different compounds made by bonding different elements together. There are two types of bonding in food science, as shown in these two groupings. Let’s take a closer look at the elements in each compound to see what makes a compound IONIC or COVALENT. TONIC BONDS ‘COVALENT BONDS NaCl (Sodium Chloride) | H20 (Dihydrogen Monoxide) MgO (Magnesium Oxide) ~ CHa (Methane) ~ Liz0 (Lithium Oxide) - C02 (Carbon Dioxide) : KF (Potassium Fluoride) 7 HF (Hydrofluoric Acid) | FeBra (Iron Til Bromide) ~ t ~~ NHs (Ammonia) ~ CaCh (Calcium Chloride) NOz (Nitrogen Dioxide) CéH1i20s (Glucose) “BaS (Barium Sulfide) : CFs (Carbon Tetraflouride) Nila (Nickel Todide) 1, List out the FIRST element in each of the GROUP ONE compounds. No, Mg uy kK, fay co Ba. 2. What side of the periodic table do you find these FIRST elements on? \ehe 3. What is the name for elements on this side of the periodic table? metals. 4, List out the SECOND element in each of the GROUP ONE compounds. rr 5. What side of the periodic table do you find these SECOND elements on? Noa metals Tan 6. What is the name for elements on this side of the periodic table? non- Metal BIG IDEA #1: When a_(oetoh anda Con-retal | ome together, they make an IONIC BOND. I7. What do you notice about ALL of the elements in GROUP TWO? They ore OD nom metaho 8. What side of the periodic table do you find ALL of these elements on? We mgt | | BIG IDEA #2: Whena___ QOQ-cocta\ __and another I POGIL™ Actas for High School Biology « 6PART II: COMPARING PROCESSES Directions: Examine the following pictures of IONIC and COVALENT bonding. BONDING PICTURE ONE: Rectan tga wey é \\ /] Nae" g” om in 7. Lithium (Li) atom Fluorine (F) atom. Explain what is happening in the picture in your own words: » Fecton 1s beng transferred Fann Lita fo Fluonne 9. What are the names of the two elements present in bonding picture one? ui ana F 10.What TYPE of element is element one? Element two? Metal Non -onet ode 11. Therefore, bonding picture one must show the process for which type of bonding; ionic or covalent? joie PPOGIL™ Aatvtes for High Schoo ology 7BONDING PICTURE TWO: Chlorine (Cl) yy atorn — shored Hleckons Explain what is happening in the picture in your own words: - The clearroms are bein 4 shared bereen tre two akoms 13.What are the names of the two elements present in bonding picture two? cl ana Ch 14.What TYPE of element is element one? Element two? ron-meto non-metal 15. Therefore, bonding picture two must show the process for which type of bonding; ionic or covalent? POSIL™ Activites fr High Schoo logy 9