Progress Test

Name:
Date:
1 Units 1 & 2

Mark: / 80 marks

Reading
A Read the article about human emotions and behaviour.

A Scientific Look at Human

Emotions and Behaviour
Even though we look different and we believe in different things, C
we all have one thing in common – emotions. Psychologists and We know that certain illnesses
other experts have been researching the way we feel for over a are catching, but did you know
hundred years. that emotions are, too? This
A explains why
In 1980, Robert Plutchik created the 'wheel of emotions'. This we tend to feel happy around happy people and agitated around
consisted of eight basic emotions that could be paired into four sets anxious people. Psychologists refer to this as 'emotional
of opposites. These opposite pairs are joy and sadness, trust and contagion' and it can be traced to a network of brain cells that
disgust, fear and anger, and surprise and anticipation. He went form the Mirror Neuron System (MNS).
further by classifying feelings, such as optimism, love, Here's an example of how it works. When you see a smiling,
disappointment, aggression and a few more, as the results of happy person, your MNS notices activity in the muscles that
emotions. pull the lips upwards and the ones that crease the sides of the
He suggested that the eight basic emotions have existed since eyes. The MNS will then signal your own smile muscles so that
primitive times, and that they have evolved in order to increase the you too smile.
ability of all animals - not just humans - to survive when they have Emotional contagion helped early humans to communicate and
to deal with issues in their environments. An example of this is the understand each other before the development of language and it
fight-or-flight response. When we feel fear due to a threat, our is present from birth. For example, one crying baby will cause
brains are programmed to make the body react in certain ways. Our another baby to cry. Studies also show that infants mirror the
heart rate increases to pump more blood around the body and we facial expressions of their mothers, which suggests that they feel
breathe faster to get more oxygen into our blood. The blood then the same emotions, too, and that their MNS has recorded and
carries oxygen to the muscles, allowing them to work harder, and reacted to the emotions of the mother.
thus helping us to either fight or run away.
D
B The Monster Study was a stuttering experiment focused on 22
The concept of emotional intelligence was investigated in the orphan children in the USA, in 1939 conducted by Wendell
famous marshmallow experiment carried out by psychologist Johnson and Mary Tudor, a student of his at the University of
Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. In the test, a group of four-year- Iowa.
old children were given a marshmallow and told they could eat it
The children were told they were going to receive speech
right away or they would get another one if they could wait for the
therapy and were divided into two groups. The real purpose of
researcher to return. Some children ate the marshmallow
the experiment, however, was to create stuttering in healthy
immediately; others waited for a short while before they ate it;
children and to observe whether stutterers' speech would
while others waited for the researcher to come back about
improve if they were told they spoke well.
15 minutes later.
Tudor gave positive comments to one group of the children. She
The researchers then followed the progress of each child into
praised their speech and told them they were fine speakers. The
adolescence, and discovered that those with the ability to wait were
second group, however, received the opposite treatment. They
better adjusted, more dependable, popular, confident, and
were informed that their speech was imperfect and that they
adventurous than those who had given in to temptation; they also
stuttered. Many of the children who spoke normally, but received
scored higher on school tests. The children who had not been able
negative comments, were deeply affected and developed speech
to wait were more likely to be lonely, easily frustrated and stubborn,
problems that lasted for the rest of their lives.
did not cope well with stress and were afraid of challenges.
It was named 'The Monster Study' by some of Johnson’s colleagues
It became clear to researchers that the ability to fight an impulse is
who were horrified that he had experimented on orphan children to
an important skill and a sign of emotional intelligence.
prove a theory, and the University of Iowa publicly apologised for
the Monster Study in 2001.

B Read the article again and complete the Exam Task.

Copyright © National Geographic Learning. Close-up B2 Second Edition

Permission granted to photocopy for classroom Progress Test
 Exam Task
For questions 1 – 10, choose from paragraphs (A – D). The paragraphs may be chosen more than once.

Which paragraph
a reward for certain behaviour? 1
some functions of the human brain? 2 3
copying another person's mood? 4
research that was criticised? 5
the importance of emotions for survival? 6
studies conducted on children? 7 8
a connection between character and academic success? 9
a specific survival mechanism? 10 ( / 10 marks)

Copyright © National Geographic Learning. Close-up B2 Second Edition

Permission granted to photocopy for classroom Progress Test
 Vocabulary and Use your English
A Complete the sentences with these words.
anxiety disgust eagerness enthusiasm fear fury joy misery optimism pride

1 The children couldn't hide their when they got a cute little puppy for Christmas.
2 My dad flew into a when my new tablet stopped working and the shop refused to repair it.
3 The rescue workers witnessed terrible scenes of human when they were helping the
survivors of the earthquake.
4 Dario is the nervous type so stress and cause him to freak out and bite his nails.
5 I'm afraid I can't accompany you to the top of the cliff because I have a of heights.
6 Eva felt a great sense of as she watched her daughter receive her degree at the graduation
ceremony.
7 I was surprised by Bob's to help me with the shopping as he's usually extremely lazy.
8 The demonstrators showed their anger and at the behaviour of their useless politicians.
9 Many young people have no and feel that there is nothing to hope for in the future.
10 After he split up with his girlfriend, Charlie lost his for going out and having fun.
( / 10 marks)
B Complete the sentences with the correct nationality words.

1 chocolate, watches and banks are just some of the things Switzerland is famous for.
2 Most people think Rio de Janeiro is the capital, but in actual fact, the capital city of
Brazil is Brasilia.
3 Though Sweden is a member of the European Union, they don't use the euro. Their currency is the
krona.
4 Mahatma Gandhi was the leader of the people in their struggle to throw the British
out of India.
5 The Forbidden City in the capital of China, Beijing, was built between 1406 and 1420 and was the home of the
emperors for almost 500 years.
6 The are the tallest people in the world, with those in the north of the Netherlands about
2 cm taller than those in the south.
( / 6 marks)
C Replace the words in bold with these phrasal verbs in the correct form.
bottle up call back call off call out call round calm down cheer up chicken out

1 I was listening to music on my MP4 player and didn't hear the head teacher
when she shouted my name.

2 'Stop crying and tell me what happened,' said my mother in a soft voice.

3 My best friend made me promise to visit before I left on my round-the-world trip.

4 After thinking about it very carefully, I got scared and decided not to go into the
haunted house.

5 Mum told me that Mary had phoned me while I was out, so I will return her call.
6 'Don't worry! Be happy!' said my friend after I got my maths test back and found
out I got a poor mark!

7 No one was really in the mood to go out last night, so we cancelled our plans for
the cinema.

8 Helen finds it very difficult to express herself and she never discusses her feelings.
( / 8 marks)
D Complete each sentence with one word.
1 Our company does a lot of with factories in Asia and Australia.
2 Just out of , I asked him how he felt about the situation he was in.
3 The invention of ships played a huge in the development of international trade.
4 I couldn't put the mystery book down and I was the edge of my seat from beginning to end.
5 The Romans built a(n) that stretched across Europe, the Middle East and North Africa.
6 It was with that the manager announced the closing of the shop.
( / 6 marks)

Grammar
A Circle the correct words.
1 Angela is exhausted because she has worked / has been working very hard.
2 What's wrong, Jim? You look / are looking really sad.
3 Tina would be / used to be a happy child, but now she's a grumpy teenager!
4 Jason grabbed / was grabbing his bag and ran out of the room.
5 Ivana didn't eat / hasn't eaten Korean food before. I hope she likes it!
6 The girls stay / are staying with their grandmother for the time being.
( / 6 marks)
B Complete the sentences with one word in each gap.
1 We visit our relatives in Italy year.
2 No, I've listened to Japanese music; is it nice?
3 I to live by the sea and it was lovely there.
4 I don't know where Jill is now, but she was here five minutes
.
5 Sally hasn't finished her project on international trade .
( / 6 marks)
6 Before the Internet, people send letters, not emails.

C Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 The city of Rome for over 2,500 years. (exist)
2 Many cultures today similar myths and legends from the past. (share)
3 I for Joe for over an hour. I wonder why he's late. (wait)
4 We for some old books in the attic when we found grandma's old diary. (look)
5 Martha already Europe twice and she's only ten years old. (visit)
6 to Shanghai when you were in China? (you/go)
7 Why always ? Stop it! It's boring! (you/complain)
8 I'm afraid I the answer to your question. (not
know) ( / 8 marks)

D Now complete the Exam Task.

Exam Task
For questions 1 – 5, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence,
using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words,
including the word given.

1 When I was young, I liked reading comics, but I don't now.

TO
I comics, but I don't now.
2 We moved here five years ago.
FOR
We five years.
3 Tom has never been to a Japanese restaurant before.
THE
It's been to a Japanese restaurant.
4 How long have they been in New York?
ARRIVE
When in New York?
 5 The last time Jose saw Miguel was the day they won the championship.
SEEN
Jose the day they won the championship. ( / 10 marks)

Writing
Choose one of the Exam Tasks below.

Exam Task
1 Your English speaking friend, Nigel, is thinking of
Exam Task
travelling around your country. Read Nigel's email and 2 Your English teacher has asked you to write an
the notes you have made. Then write an email to Nigel essay for homework. Write your essay using all the
using all your notes. (140–190 words) notes and giving reasons for your point of view.
mailbox Today Mail Calendar Contacts Experts say spending time indoors as a
negative impact on children.
Reply | Reply All | Forward | Delete
What do you think?
From: Nigel Carruthers
Notes
Sent: 19th April
Subject: Travel
Write about:
Hi!
1 health
How are you? How were your exams? 2 society
Tell him 3 ( your own idea)
I've been thinking about visiting your country! I want to
travel around and see as much of it as I can. I'd like to
come in April or May. Is that a good time?
Yes, because …
I know you've been to many places there so I was
wondering if you could recommend some for me to
see. I particularly like historical sights.
Suggest
Also, can you tell me about some of the customs
or traditions in your country? Will I be able to
experience any while I'm there?
Yes, give details
One last thing, would you be able to travel with me?
No. Explain why. ( / 10 marks)
Reply soon,
Nigel