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Chapter 3 Chemical Formulas and Nomenclature

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119 views23 pages

Chapter 3 Chemical Formulas and Nomenclature

Uploaded by

Muhammad Izzuan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 3

CHEMICAL FORMULAS AND


NOMENCLATURE

Prepared by

DR.NUHA AWANG

1
A molecular formula shows the exact number of
atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a
substance

An empirical formula shows the simplest


whole-number ratio of the atoms in a substance

molecular empirical
H2O H2O
C6H12O6 CH2O

O3 O
N2H4 NH2
2
ionic compounds consist of a combination of cations
and an anions
• The formula is usually the same as the empirical formula
• The sum of the charges on the cation(s) and anion(s) in
each formula unit must equal zero
The ionic compound NaCl

3
The most reactive metals (green) and the most reactive
nonmetals (blue) combine to form ionic compounds.

4
Formula of Ionic Compounds
2 x +3 = +6 3 x -2 = -6

Al2O3
Al3+ O2-

1 x +2 = +2 2 x -1 = -2

CaBr2
Ca2+ Br-

1 x +2 = +2 1 x -2 = -2

Na2CO3
Na+ CO32-
5
6
Concept Check
A compound contains an unknown ion X and has
the formula XCl2. Ion X contains 20 electrons. What
is the identity of X?

a) Ti2+
b) Sc+
c) Ca2+
d) Cr2+

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7
reserved
QUESTION
• A member of the alkaline earth metal family whose most stable ion
contains 36 electrons forms a compound with bromine. What is the
correct formula for this compound?

1. CaBr2
2. KrBr
3. RbBr
4. SrBr2
ANSWER
•Choice #4 is the correct answer. An element in the alkaline earth
metal family (Group 2) forms a +2 charge when forming a compound.
Therefore two Br– ions will be required to give a net zero charge overall.
38 protons must be present to give a charge of +2 (+38p – 36e = +2).
The element with 38 protons is strontium. The compound is therefore
SrBr2.

•Section 4.11: Compounds That Contain Ions


Chemical Nomenclature
• Ionic Compounds
• Often a metal + nonmetal
• Anion (nonmetal), add “ide” to element name

BaCl2 barium chloride


K2O potassium oxide
Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide

KNO3 potassium nitrate

10
• Transition metal ionic compounds
• indicate charge on metal with Roman numerals

FeCl2 2 Cl- -2 so Fe is +2 iron(II) chloride

FeCl3 3 Cl- -3 so Fe is +3 iron(III) chloride

Cr2S3 3 S-2 -6 so Cr is +3 (6/2) chromium(III) sulfide


11
QUESTION
•What is the name of the compound CrO2?
1. chromium oxide
2. chromium(II) oxide
3. chromium(IV) oxide
4. chromium dioxide
ANSWER
•Choice #3 is the correct answer. Cr is the symbol for chromium. O is
the symbol for oxygen, but take the first part of the element name (the
root) and add –ide to get the name oxide. Since chromium can have
more than one charge, a Roman numeral must be used to identify that
charge. There are two oxygen ions each with a 2– charge, giving an
overall charge of –4. Therefore, the charge on chromium must be +4.

•Section 5.2: Naming Binary Compounds That Contain a Metal and a


Nonmetal (Types I & II)
• Molecular compounds
− Nonmetals or nonmetals + metalloids
− Common names
− H2O, NH3, CH4,
− Element furthest to the left in a period
and closest to the bottom of a group on
periodic table is placed first in formula
− If more than one compound can be
formed from the same elements, use
prefixes to indicate number of each kind
of atom
− Last element name ends in ide

14
Molecular Compounds

HI hydrogen iodide

NF3 nitrogen trifluoride

SO2 sulfur dioxide

N2Cl4 dinitrogen tetrachloride

NO2 nitrogen dioxide

N2O dinitrogen monoxide

15
An acid can be defined as a substance that yields
hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.
For example: HCl gas and HCl in water

•Pure substance, hydrogen chloride

•Dissolved in water (H3O+ and Cl−),


hydrochloric acid

16
17
An oxoacid is an acid that contains hydrogen,
oxygen, and another element.

HNO3 nitric acid

H2CO3 carbonic acid

H3PO4 phosphoric acid

18
Exercise
What is the name of the compound KClO3?

a) potassium chlorite
b) potassium chlorate
c) potassium perchlorate
d) potassium carbonate

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19
reserved
Exercise

Examine the following table of formulas and names.


Which of the compounds are named correctly?

Formula Name

I P2O5 Diphosphorus pentoxide


II ClO2 Chlorine oxide
III PbI4 Lead iodide
a) I, II IV CuSO4 Copper(I) sulfate
b) I, III, IV
c) I, IV
d) I only
Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved 20
A base can be defined as a substance that yields
hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.

NaOH sodium hydroxide


KOH potassium hydroxide
Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide

21
Hydrates are compounds that have a specific
number of water molecules attached to them.
BaCl2•2H2O barium chloride dihydrate

LiCl•H2O lithium chloride monohydrate

MgSO4•7H2O magnesium sulfate heptahydrate

Sr(NO3)2 •4H2O strontium nitrate tetrahydrate

CuSO4•5H2O CuSO4

22
Thank you

23

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