The Efficacy of Online Asynchronous Modality to the Cognitive Competency of

Second Year Nursing Students in Academic Year 2020-2021

Rhovic P. Consuelo1,2,3, Rachelle D. Buenaventura1,2,3, Clariza Denice A. Cayme1,2,3,
Giselle V. Estoquia1,2,3, Nikkie B Gapultos1,2,3, Felyn Joy C. Landero1,2,3
Carmela V. Perez RM, RN, MAN1,2,3,4

1
College of Nursing

2
Research Development and Innovative Center
3
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
#1 Esperanza St., Hilltop Mansion Heights, Lagro, Quezon City

4
Research Adviser

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING

 November 2020

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ENDORSEMENT

The thesis entitled” THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ONLINE ASYNCHRONOUS MODALITY

TO THE COGNITIVE COMPETENCY OF SECOND YEAR NURSING STUDENTS IN
the ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021” prepared and submitted by CONSUELO, RHOVIC P.,
BUENAVENTURA, RACHELLE D., CAYME, CLARIZA DENICE A., ESTOQUIA,
GISELLE V., GAPULTOS, NIKKIE B., and LANDERO FELYN JOY C., in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Bachelor of Science in Nursing has been examined
and now recommended for Oral Examination.

Carmela Valdez-Perez RM, RN, MAN

Research Adviser

APPROVAL SHEET

Approved by the PANEL OF EXAMINERS on ORAL EXAMINATION with a grade of

Ma. Olivia G. Molina, RN, MAN

Chairman

Annabelle P. Flores, RN, MAN

Panel Member

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree BACHELOR OF

SCIENCE IN NURSING

Nelia R. Capulong, RN, MAN

Dean, College of Nursing

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CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

This is to certify that the research work presented in this thesis entitled “The Efficacy of
Online Asynchronous Modality to the Cognitive Competency of Second Year Nursing
Students in Academic Year 2020-2021” for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing at the
Our Lady of Fatima University embodies the result of original and scholarly work carried out by
the researchers. This thesis does not contain words or ideas taken from published sources or
written works and has not been submitted whether to the university or any other university/
Institute for the fulfillment of the requirements of any course study.

Rhovic P. Consuelo
Principal Researcher

Members
Rachelle D. Buenaventura
Clariza Denice A. Cayme
Giselle A. Estoquia
Nikkie B. Gapultos
Felyn Joy C. Landero

Carmela V. Perez RN, MAN

Research Adviser

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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PRELIMINARY Page
Endorsement i
Certificate of Originality ii
Table of Contents iii
Table of Figures iv
List of Appendices v
CHAPTER TITLE
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1 Theoretical Framework 4
2.1.1 Competency 5
2.2 Online Asynchronous Mode 5
2.2.1 Factors and Challenges Affecting Online Classes 6
2.2.2 Perception 6
2.2.3 Coping Strategies 8
2.3 Nurse Cognitive Competency 10
2.3.1 Academic Performance 10
2.4 Research Problems and Hypotheses 11
2.5 Research Paradigm 17
3.0 RESEARCH METHOD 19
3.1 Research Design 19
3.2 Research Locale 19
3.3 Population and Sampling/Key Informant Selection 20
3.4 Research Ethics 21
3.5 Research Instrument 22
3.6 Data Collection 22
3.7 Data Analysis 23
BIBLIOGRAPHY 25

TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure Page
2.1 Research Paradigm 17

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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Page
A Letter for the Research Adviser 32
B Letter for the Dean 33
C Consent Form 34
D Survey-Questionnaire 37
E Qualitative Data Form 45
F Answer key 46
G T-Distribution Table 48

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

During the advent of a pandemic, government officials raise awareness of their people by
lessening crowding in certain areas. Since face-to-face classes are still prohibited because of the
threat of COVID 19, classes are going to be held with the use of online platforms aided with
online learning resources provided by their universities and colleges. Colleges and Universities
presented two modes of learning which are Online learning and Modular learning.

Online learning is divided into two which is the synchronous learning mode where there
is actual interaction with the proctor via an online meeting platform, each meeting length is
dependent on the subject to be covered, and asynchronous learning mode where there is an
absence of proctor but require students to use online channels with viewable or downloadable
handouts to continue their study (Sy Cua, 2020). On the other hand, modular learning is distant
learning where the students are tasked to study the modules on their own with no scheduled
meetings with the proctor (Manlangit et.al, 2020). Originally it is designed for lower levels, but
some universities and colleges implement this kind of learning. Since these changes will be

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implemented in different colleges, every student must be first adapted, and adaptation is different
from different programs. The researchers foresee the possible effect of this new format of
education to the profession requires extensive and progressive learning especially the program
Bachelor of Science in Nursing. Nursing is a profession that requires its members to have a
significant amount of education and it requires consistency in the level of education which is
necessary for RN licensure. One of the professional responsibilities of a nurse is to be an educator
of the patient, providing explanations about the client’s health, demonstrating procedures, and
client evaluating the client’s response from the nurse conducting an intervention. That is why the
nurses need to be competent enough to handle and provide care for the community or for a
specific patient as it is the one that measures how well the nurses on his/her practices(Potter and
Perry, 2018). Since nursing is a profession that requires a significant amount of education and
consistency, modular learning is not a good choice for nursing students and online learning is the
best method of teaching for the meantime.

Asynchronous modality is composed of learning materials like videos, modules, and e-

books that are easily found on applications or web services that can be utilized by professors to
distribute online materials. Activities that are related to the subject are also part of asynchronous
learning mode. With this new environment for the nursing students, it is a challenge for them to
adapt to the newly implemented learning experience while the academe must be equipped enough
to provide skills and learnings through the means of the internet. Fully equipped knowledge and
skilled nursing students will elicit cases of negligence later their years of actual practices in the
hospital, on the time they already got their license (Ajayi, 2015).

The Philippines is entering into a new change as the students enter online classes. The
laptop, mobile phones, and tablets are in demand to the students, and internet connection is a
viable resource to log-in to their online classes, but not all the students had good connectivity and
sometimes had limitations in accessing internet connection (Casal, 2020; Luz, 2020). Problems
like lack of online resources are impossible for everyone, and it can also affect student
performance. An interview was done with college students explaining the benefits and the
downside of online education. One benefit of online learning to college learners is that they have
control over their pace of learning, as they can study fast or slow to understand what they are
studying. On the other hand, the negative of it is that handouts that are posted or sent are
considered ‘discuss’, ones that are already declared to be part of the asynchronous time of the
students. It means a proctor can give the students all the handouts for the whole semester and
consider it as part of asynchronous. Another downside of online learning is the environment, and

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the challenges for those who study complex subjects through online classes that provision
physically (Sy Cua, 2020). Complexes like Bachelor of Nursing needs guidance as it is important
to their profession to have mastery from their subjects. This leads the researchers to study the
effectiveness of online learning specifically the asynchronous mode to the Nursing Students.
Nursing students are required to have a related learning experience through field exposure. Since
it is impossible to implement it in an online setting, online learning is utilized to address this
problem by providing scenarios and online discussions, although actual interaction with a patient
and to the environment is different from what the students read and see through online classes.
This suggests that online learning has a relationship with the nursing student’s capability to learn
that might affect their competency while they are along the path of finishing the Nursing
Program.

The researchers aimed to measure the effectiveness of asynchronous online

modality to the student’s cognitive competency by identifying students’ learning status or
problems for delivering adaptive learning, analyzing their learning behaviors, and providing
personalized learning content, user interfaces, or practices. This will provide evidence to explain
students’ learning performance in educational settings, the researchers wanted to enhance the
user-accessibility, to engage learners in their learning process, to know the recommendations that
are needed for the improvement of online education, and to describe the different factors of
asynchronous online learning that may affect the second-year nursing student. Eventually, this
study will support the academic performance of the nursing student in their online class on how
they can apply and balance their competence in having asynchronous online classes, especially
for their nursing major subjects. This study will also provide future researchers with meaningful
study and insight about the nursing student's skills during an asynchronous online class, giving
them an idea on how they will utilize this study to cover other researchable aspects of online
education. Also, for the nursing educators who endure hindrances in online classes; this will
enable them to become more aware and conscious of the condition of their students and to build
solutions to flourished students ' online classes and to maintain the competency of those nursing
students undergoing this unexpected change of learning style.

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2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

The review of literatures focuses on the evidences of the study regarding to the used of
online asynchronous mode, the factors affecting it and topics about competency of the nurses.
Facts were gathered from books and internet as references in order to get the needed information
for the study.

2.1 Theoretical Framework

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Connectivism Learning theory is a theory developed by George Siemens, it is known as

the “Learning Theory for the Digital Age”. Connectivism is a learning theory that explains how
Internet technologies have created new opportunities for people to learn and share information
across the World Wide Web and among them. These technologies include Web browsers, email,
wikis, online discussion forums, social networks, and any other tool which enables the users to
learn and share information with other people. In connectivist learning, a teacher will guide
students to information and answer key questions as needed, to support students learning and
sharing on their own. Students are also encouraged to seek out information on their own online
and express what they find which is referred to as an asynchronous learning network.

The theory of constructivism by Jean Piaget is a student-centered learning

environment is seen as a major enabling element in constructivism. People learn best when they
can contextualize what they learn for immediate application and personal meaning. In the
process, According to Piaget the role of the learner has changed from that of a recipient of
knowledge to that of a constructor of knowledge, an autonomous learner with meta-cognitive
skills for controlling his/her cognitive processes; the teacher acts as a facilitator who encourages
students to discover principles for themselves and to construct knowledge by working to solve
real problems. Asynchronous e-learning is the basis of Jean Piaget's constructivist theory; this
approach combines self-study with asynchronous interactions to promote learning, and it can be
used to facilitate learning in traditional on-campus or regular education, distance education, and
continuing education. This combined network of learners and the electronic network in which
they communicate are referred to as an asynchronous e-learning network.

On the other hand, another theory by Jean Piaget is Cognitivism theory; the learning
theory that focuses on the processes involved in learning rather than on the observed behavior.
Cognitivist believe that responses to environmental stimuli or changes in behavior are indicators
of the unobservable inner mental processes that involve the use of memory, motivation, and
thinking; thus, to them, learning is an internal process and involves thinking. This approach
emphasizes critical thinking and is increasingly used as a tool in problem-solving in specific
disciplines. These characteristics of Cognitivism are required when using innovative teaching
platforms like asynchronous instruction to make the learning environment authentic, the teaching
and learning process student-centered, collaborative, well guided, active, and flexible.

2.2 Variable Discussion

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Make a brief discussion of the variable take note of the numbering

2.2. 1 Online Asynchronous Mode

Asynchronous learning is a general term that used to describe forms of education,

instruction, and learning that do not occur in the same place or at the same time, it is applied to
various forms of digital and online learning in which students learn from instruction such as pre-
recorded video lessons or game-based learning tasks that students complete on their own that is
not being delivered in person or in real-time. A full range of tools is available to the online
instructor to promote interactions between the student and instructor. An example of tools to
support asynchronous learning includes a discussion board, wikis, and email. The discussion
board is an important tool of learning because it promotes situated learning, facilitates a social
construction of knowledge customized learning experiences (Ajayi, 2015). Email can be used as
an extended communication medium between instructor and students, especially if students
require further clarification on subjects. Email notification can push a member of the online
community to re-enter the discussion to reply to a specific comment, therefore it influences
asynchronous discussion interactions (Garbrick & Clariana, 2015). Although, utilization of
Online Asynchronous Modality has different application from different programs specially to the
researchers focus group which are nursing students where researcher’s goal is to assess its
efficacy to the said program.

2.2.1 Factors and Challenges Affecting Online Classes delete this heading

The provision and usage of online learning materials in e-learning systems is

becoming the main challenge for many universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The
E-learning system is an important source of information, due to its ubiquity, low cost,
ease of use, and interactive character. By converting from traditional learning, this will
enable learner’s access to e-learning systems 24 hours per day, and it presents several
benefits such as increased effectiveness and efficiency of learning services through
improved connectivity with teachers and better access to learning materials (Idris and
Osman 2015). According to Almaiah and Almulhem (2018) study, there are factors that
their respondents identified such us technological, e-learning system, culture, self-
efficacy, and trust factors. The benefits of online learning are facing obstacles as its

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effectiveness is lessened because of several challenges and factors that ratify the desire of
the researchers to study it efficacy to the Nursing Program.

Perception is a mental impression that links to one person’s mental health since
any stimuli like asynchronous learning modality can affect it and the experience of
students upon entering this modality (Choudhry, 2016). Mental health is a state of well-
being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal
stresses of life, can work productively, and can contribute to his or her community.
Mental health is fundamental to our collective and individual ability as humans to think,
emote, interact with each other, earn a living, and enjoy life. Learning can be hindered by
students' mental health given the increased reports of mental health concerns in college
students but according to Yuwang Zhang’s (2015) study, the asynchronous teaching
mode can promote students' mental health and alleviate their psychological pressure, the
experimental class students are significantly or very significantly different in anxiety,
somatization, compulsion, interpersonal, paranoid ideation. They are also significantly or
very significantly different in health pressure, adapting pressure, inferior to frustration
stress, interpersonal stress, academic pressure, emotional pressure, and other indicators.
Which means, if this modality is effective on preserving student’s mental health,
perception will be positive if the researchers elicit perception as their data on their study.
Although applying this literature in the context of online learning different stimuli are
partaking on the phenomena affecting mental health. According to Viet Anh (2017) to be
successful in online learning, learners need time to learn how to formulate online
activities related to their course that may adjust into their routine while performing all
other family and work responsibilities. Nursing student schedule is so tight to manage,
and need a rigorous time management or if not, it will affect their emotion. Emotions that
are freely experienced and expressed without judgment or attachment tend to flow fluidly
without impacting their health. On the other hand, repressed emotions especially fearful
or negative ones can zap mental energy, negatively affect the body, and lead to health
problems. It's important to recognize their thoughts and emotions and be aware of the
effect on their bodies, behavior, and relationships. Negative attitudes and feelings of
helplessness and hopelessness can create chronic stress, and which upsets the body's
hormone balance, depletes the brain chemicals required for happiness, and damages the
immune system, stress can decrease a lifespan. In other words, it can affect student’s
mental health.

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Because of the unusual combination of the public health crisis, social isolation,
and economic recession, the COVID-19 pandemic could exacerbate existing mental
health issues and lead to more cases among children and adolescents. According to Dr.
Fredrickson (2020) "negativity bias" means that we spend too much time ruminating over
the minor frustrations they experience bad traffic or a disagreement with a loved one and
ignore the many changes we have to experience wonder, awe, and gratitude throughout
the day. By learning to understand one’s mind works, it is possible that the students
experiencing issues of mental health could benefit from learning strategies and theories
that integrate metacognition. Although the link between mental health and college
performance, more investigation is needed specially on the nursing program, because
mental health is not a curable issue that will disappear.

2.2.3 Coping Strategies

Coping strategies emphasize a variety of emotional management strategies,

thinking processes, and behaviors. This means that cope is based on the individual's
psychological reaction to stress, their evaluation of events, their focus, and the objectives
or results they wish to achieve (Mathew, 2017). Knowing students’ strategies within
student groups may help the researchers to formulate recommendation to guide other
students bounded on online asynchronous mode. According to Amponsah et al. (2020),
Coping was a stabilizing point of view that could support an individual with psychosocial
change over a period of stressful circumstances. And it was found to be a good predictor
of academic achievement among college students (Okoro, 2018). The coping strategies
used more than once by learners to alleviate stress include successful time management,
social assistance, positive reassessment, and dedication to a comfortable interest
(Amponsah et al.,2020). Students need to have their coping strategies so they may
prevent any stressful situation that has a greater effect on their academic and mental
health. There are several coping strategies among the students such as effective time
management, having a healthy lifestyle, relaxation techniques, effective study habits,
spirituality, and behavioral modification.

According to Khan (2015), time management plays a vital role in enhancing

student academic success and achievement. Each student should have the capacity to

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manage time, including setting goals and priorities, using the time management
mechanism, and organizing time. It is characterized as intentional actions aimed at the
effective use of time to accomplish, goal-oriented tasks, skills that are required to sustain
academic productivity (Chase et al., 2015). Effective application of time management
skills can be related to academic achievement, stress reduction, improved innovation,
self-efficiency, and student satisfaction (Khan 2015),

Having a healthy lifestyle is also a coping strategy, it is an essential companion

to any stress-reduction program. One of the examples is regular exercise. According to
Okoro (2018), Having regular exercise is one of the strategies used to alleviate tension.
Regular exercise can minimize the risk of hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and some
cancers. Healthy nutritional choices are necessary for maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Structured eating patterns help improve students’ academic performance (Al-Amari &
Al-Khamees, 2015). Maintaining of having a healthy lifestyle is associated with
academic achievement (Fought, 2017).

Another coping strategy is effective study habits. The study habits of medical
students contribute to a better understanding of learner achievement and success
(Alzahrani,2018). One of the most common study habits used by the student is to
highlight the text. It has been argued that the act of choosing what to highlight would
implicitly lead the student to process the text at a more evaluative level compared to
simply reading it. Highlighting makes the portion of the text stand out and becomes more
memorable, known as the result of von Restorff. Marking text also enhances
effectiveness when students re-study the subject by encoding variability (Yik, 2018).
Self-testing and retrieval of information is also an important way to learn.

In the Relaxation Technique, meditation is one example of relaxation. Described

as a method that involves focusing on a single thought and involves a passive attitude
(Okoro,2018), Relaxation might enhance the capacity of working memory and boost its
role by helping individuals avoid sources of anxiety and notice the task (Flor et al., 2015).

In Behavioral Modification, According to Rumfola (2017), positive

reinforcement strategies are more effective behavioral modification than punishing
strategies for increasing and shaping positive behaviors in any learning environment.
Through positively reinforcing students’ acceptable behaviors, whether academic or

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social, the students and the teacher benefit academically, behaviorally, socially, and
emotionally.

Lastly, is spirituality. According to Okoro (2018), Spirituality offers a cognitive

structure to alleviate stress among college students. Spirituality and religion are the most
open and readily available tools to deal with traumatic life events. Besides, spiritual
coping will improve feelings of dignity and a state of harmony and encourage good
health.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, all educational facilities have been

closed by the government across the world to control the spread of disease, which has a
direct effect on students, teachers, educators, and facilities (Chandra, 2020). Since most
students have their online asynchronous modality, it is very difficult for them to establish
successful coping strategies for effective learning and for the prevention of stress. This
research study will help other nursing students, knowing the best prescribed coping
strategies that also used by their colleagues in their academe while they are situated in
online learning.

2.2.2 Nurse Cognitive Competency

Competency-based learning refers to systems of instruction, assessment, grading, and

academic reporting that are based on students demonstrating that they have learned the
knowledge and skills they are expected to learn as they progress through their education.
Competency-based learning begins by identifying specific competencies or skills and
enables learners to develop mastery of each competency or skill at their own pace,
usually working with a mentor. Based on the theory of Sossyura, he outlined the ratio of
“competence” and “competency”, as well as the concepts of “language” and “speech”
(Chomsky, 2015). According to his theory “between the competence (knowledge of his
own language by a speaker or a listener) and the actual use of the language,” it shows a
difference. According to N. Chomsky, is a manifestation of competence in different
activities; it is associated with human thought and experience. That “use” and
“experience” of the language’s use in an “action” became the basis for the further
development of this term. Today, these terms are widely used, due to the need to

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modernize and adapt education to the new conditions. Competency-based learning can be
delivered through a campus program, but it is increasingly delivered fully online.

According to one concept analysis study, nursing competency can be divided into the
following three theories: behaviorism, trait theory, and holism. Behaviorism refers to competency
as an ability to perform individual core skills and is evaluated by the demonstration of those
skills. Trait theory considers competency as individual traits necessary for effectively performing
duties (knowledge, critical thinking skills, etc.). Holism views competency as a cluster of
elements, including knowledge, skills, attitudes, thinking ability, and values that are required in
certain contexts. In nursing practice, nurses are required to apply their acquired knowledge, skills,
and innate individual traits to each situation and can adapt that knowledge and those skills to
different circumstances (Fukada, 2018).

Asynchronous learning may affect a student's competency regarding their plans and
expectations related to obtaining their degree and work. Students in the online class felt that they
worked harder, but also felt like they were more part of a group. Nevertheless, the researchers
wanted to investigate the effect of online asynchronous modality to the competency of nursing
students specially to test their cognitive ability to assess their knowledge which is part of the Trait
theory.

The academic performance of a student is a viable determinant of employment

(Maziah 2019). It is also a barometer for assessing their competency as it reflects their
ability to be effective and efficient as an employee of the management. In the present
period, education has been described as a fundamental human right with rapid change and
introduction of new techniques and skills in information technology which had an impact
on the way and means of life, and consequently to the process of education. This
pandemic predisposes the shift of traditional face to face learning into distant online
learning, although the sudden changes brought difficulties on most college students. For
that reason, some of their academic performance is deteriorating during this pandemic
along with their progress on other developmental skills. Socioeconomic disparities are the
possible root of this deterioration, which affects learning and educational outcomes,
which can also further lead to educational inequities (Garcia,2020). As this scenario
caught the attention of the researchers, knowing their academic performance will make
the researchers to be fully equipped to assess the effectiveness of online asynchronous
modality in their cognitive competency through data analysis.

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2.4 Research Problems and Hypotheses

This study aims to measure the effectiveness of online asynchronous modality to

the competitiveness of second-year nursing student in A.Y 2020-2021

Research Question 1: What is the usual range of scores of the respondents from their major
examinations during the Academic Year 2019-2020? This a qualitative question them all
together. Under qualitative

Research Question 2: What is the percentage of the respondents who got passing scores from
their major examinations during the Academic Year 2019-2020?

H1: The 2nd year nursing students had higher scores from the survey-questionnaire in
comparison to the scores from their major examinations during the Academic Year 2019-2020.

In the study conducted by Jasmine Paul and Felicia Jefferson (2019), junior high school
students went face to face classes in comparison to 147 junior high school students who went
online classes. Each group is assessed using their final grade. Looking at the respective
performance levels of both groups, 10.9 % of students who went online classes got a grade A
compare to 7% of the other group. Although it shows a high number of students from online
classes got A, the number of students from face-to-face classes got a higher percentage who got a
grade of B which is 30.2 % in comparison to 21.8 % from online classes. The data shows that
there is still a high percentage of students from face to face classes got high grades.

Research Problem 3: What are the factors affecting the learning of the respondents on online
asynchronous modality?

H2: There is a significant relationship between factors affecting learning to the competency of
nursing students

According to Almaiah and Almulhem (2018) “technological factors are one of the
necessary factors that ensure successful implementation of e-learning systems”. Furthermore, all
technological factors should be taken into consideration during the implementation process. For
example, if the universities have the necessary hardware and software for adopting e-learning

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systems; but the universities lack the technical skills that are necessary to use those hardware and
software, the result might be failure. In addition, the study finding shows that the physical
equipment such as computers, servers and communication networks that must be available to
apply e-learning. Another information suggests that availability of the software applications and
operating systems is very important.

Another important technological factor, which is technical skills and support through the
knowledge, understanding and abilities that are used to accomplish tasks related to maintenance
and upgrading of the infrastructure of computers, networks, communications, as well as providing
support to users when they face technical problems. The efficiency and quality of e-learning
systems was the main topic with the experts as a feasible method for gathering their opinions
regarding the main factors that effect on the e-learning system adoption in Universities.

According to (Mulhanga and Lima 2017), the current e-learning systems are experiencing
some potential hurdles regarding accessibility, availability and usability, especially for those who
have less knowledge of the internet. In the study finding it shows that, the same perceptions of
this factor and advised thus the universities need to investigate it seriously, as it could create an
obstacle in its implementation and adoption by many students. The respondents also were asked
to grasp their views about the current e-learning system and how it is developed as an easy to use
system, especially for students who do not have great computer skills. The results confirmed that
the current system is not easy to use by individuals who do not have PC skills, and this will lead
to system failure. The current e-learning system is not flexible in terms of its design”. In the study
findings it also mentioned that there is significant correlation between ease of use and system
adoption, as students could lose confidence in the system if they find it difficult to use. The
review also mentioned that if the e-learning system is set up to be compatible with students’
needs, then it could be considered useful, and hence adopted and used effectively. The
respondents were asked about how reliable the current e-learning system is in terms of its
efficiency, performance and security. The study findings show that there is a lot of work that
needs to be done to ensure that the current e-learning system is performing efficiently.

According to the (Almaiah et al. 2016b), culture is a vital factor to increase the rate of e-
learning system adoption among students. He stated that cultural aspects are one of the critical
factors that needs to be addressed in order to ensure that all students will use the e-learning
system largely. One of the factors that should be implemented to increase the use of e-learning
systems is to increase ICT literacy and skills of e-learning users.

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Another factor that was extracted relating to the cultural aspects is the plan to transform
Jordan to an ‘e-Society’. The study described this point as a very significant goal to achieve
Jordan’s Vision 2025. The experts outlined that “e-Society should combine all educational
institutions together in order to receive a one entity working through an e-learning system”.

Another important factor is to relate to students through different social media, as it is the
main media and application used in Jordan. The experts stated:

“Social media is the gentlest way to reach students and encourage them to utilize the e-
learning system and let them use the e-learning system directly from the social media
applications. Social media can help the universities to better react to students and will increase
students’ engagement and improve the e-learning system eventually.”

As noted by (Almaiah et al. 2016b), self-efficacy is one of the core elements in

determining the adoption of e-learning systems in educational institutions. As the study findings
shows, “In order to increase the adoption of e-learning system, it is important to ensure students
in Jordanian universities have high self-efficacy in order meet the intended functions, otherwise
it’s hard to achieve the learning activities through e-learning system if students show low self-
efficacy.”

He mentioned that: “Training programs can play a significant role in ensuring high self-
efficacy for both students and instructors, and for that reason universities should create some
training programs for them to enhance their IT skills, and hence, become more likely to adopt e-
learning systems”.

He also confirmed that awareness is a key element that motivates the students to use the
e-learning system. This factor helps to enhance the self-efficacy for users. They outlined, “The
implementation of e-learning systems can’t be carried out smoothly without having regular
awareness sessions in order to let students feel confident and motivated in using the e-learning
system.”

Trust is a vital factor to increase the rate of e-learning system adoption in Jordanian
universities”. They said, “Universities are always attempting to assure that the e-learning system
is trustworthy”.

The trust factor includes system protection, information privacy, and system reliability.
“In order to increase the adoption of e-learning systems among students, it is important that

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universities are always updating the security systems to keep the system fully secure from any
types of viruses, and to assure that all learning activities are legally run based on the applied
policies and privacy laws.”

In this research, the trust of the Internet is the key element that can play a significant role
in ensuring high trust for users. The experts indicated that: “The adoption of e-learning systems
relies on the fact that software companies should have the necessary resources to implement
electronic services effectively and are capable of securing such systems”. In addition, they
confirmed, “lack of trust will definitely result in an increase in resistance to adopt e-learning
systems”. In addition, one of the important trust factors that lead to increase the use of e-learning
systems among students is providing efficient, effective and transparent means of e-learning
activities through the e-learning system project and can surely be secure and free of threats.

This paper contributes to critical challenges and factors that influence the e-learning
system usage during COVID-19 pandemic. The successful usage of e-learning systems relies on
understanding the adoption factors as well as the main challenges that face the current e-learning
systems. There is lack of agreement about the critical challenges and factors that shape the
successful usage of e-learning systems during COVID-19 pandemic; hence, a clear gap has been
identified in the knowledge on the critical challenges and factors of e-learning usage during this
pandemic.

Research Problem 4: What are the effects of asynchronous learning education as perceived by
second-year nursing students about learning?

A1: The nursing students’ perception is affected by asynchronous learning education

According to Abbasi et.al (2020), much higher education and nursing education studies
have compared student learning outcomes in online and traditional courses, finding positive
learning outcomes for students enrolled in online courses. Nursing students may be attracted to an
online course because of accessibility, flexibility, and convenience for their work and personal
lives, barriers may occur during the educational experience that causes them to become
dissatisfied. However, this pandemic is not only affecting the area of health. A great part of the
nursing activity is affected as well; students are still in the process of getting acquainted with the
new system, it is important to find out students’ opinion and viewpoint regarding this virtual

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approach to teaching and learning. Kwary DA and Fauzies (2017) stated that, whether the
learners are attuned to the new methodology, would prefer any modifications, or rather would
want to go back to conventional learning altogether. Raymond Selorm Mamattah (2016), also
revealed in his paper that in comparison to face to face learning, students were satisfied with e-
learning however, there also exists literature that reports students preferring face to face teaching
over online teaching like in our study wherein students’ preference was 85%.

Research Problem 5: What is the most effective coping strategy among second year students
regarding online asynchronous modality?

H3: Time management is the most effective coping strategy exercised by the student second year
student for the asynchronous online education.

According to Khan (2015), time management plays a vital role in enhancing student
academic success and achievement. Each student should have the capacity to manage time,
including setting goals and priorities, using the time management mechanism, and organizing
time. It is characterized as intentional actions aimed at the effective use of time to accomplish,
goal-oriented tasks, skills that are required to sustain academic productivity (Chase et al., 2015).
Effective application of time management skills can be related to academic achievement, stress
reduction, improved innovation, self-efficiency, and student satisfaction (Khan 2015).

A study by Adams (2019) It says that time management activities have been more closely
correlated with higher grades within the program, and whether those students who self-identified
with particular time management behaviors have earned better grades within the program. It was
found that the perceived time management of students was a factor that substantially correlated
with the cumulative grade point average.

Research Problem 6: What is the percentage of the respondents who got passing scores from the
research instrument?

Research Problem 7: Is there a significant relationship between the online asynchronous

modality and the cognitive competency of the second-year nursing students?

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H4o: There is no significant relationship between the online asynchronous modality and the
cognitive competency of the second-year nursing students

H4a: There is significant relationship between the online asynchronous modality and the
cognitive competency of the second-year nursing students

There is a study conducted about the effectiveness of online vs. traditional instruction in
an environmental studies class. Using a single indicator, the research study attempted to see if
student performance was affected by an instructional medium. This study sought to compare
online and face to face (F2F) teaching on three levels—pure modality, gender, and class rank.
The mean GPA for both modalities is like F2F learners scoring 69.35 and online learners scoring
68.64. Although it shows almost same GPA between the two mode, the number of students from
face-to-face classes got a higher percentage who got a grade of B which is 30.2 % in comparison
to 21.8 % from online classes giving an impression that no significant relationship between the
online asynchronous modality and the cognitive competency of the second-year nursing students.

2.7 Research Paradigm

Figure2.1

Kindly review your research paradigm

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The research study suggests that different factors such as trust, culture, self-
efficacy, technological, and e-learning system quality factors directly influence the
experiences of the respondents on online asynchronous modality. On the other hand,
coping strategies exercised by the respondents can improve their academic performance
while perception of respondents regarding online class can influences experiences of the
students regarding online asynchronous modality.

Online Asynchronous Modality can influence the academic performance of the

students. By comparing the results from the latter academic year of the respondents and
the data gathered by the researchers, the academic performance may vary depending on
the mode of education, and the academic performance of the students reflects their
developed competency from the online asynchronous learning mode.

3.0 RESEARCH METHOD

On this chapter the researchers discuss the method utilizes by the researchers and the
materials to be used in their study. This section will provide information for other researchers
who want to replicate the research study.

3.1 Research Design

The study will be a combined method approach, which is a procedure for collecting,
analyzing, and “mixing” both quantitative and qualitative data at some stage of the research
process within a single study, to understand a research problem more completely. The rationale
for mixing is that neither quantitative nor qualitative methods are enough by themselves to
capture the trends and details of the situation, such as the efficacy of online asynchronous
modality to the nursing students. The study is correlational quantitative research where
researchers relied on numerical data to measure the relationship between the effectiveness of
asynchronous online learning to the competency of nursing students as these variables are not
controllable by the researchers. Alternatively, the research is descriptive qualitative research
which is “an inquiry process of understanding” where the researcher develops a “complex,
holistic picture, analyzes words, reports detailed views of informants, and conducts the study in a

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natural setting”. The researchers wanted to describe the nursing students' present situation as they
are immersed to learn through online premises. In qualitative data, it is focused on research
problem 4 which is” What are the effects of asynchronous learning education as perceived by
second-year nursing students about learning?”

3.2 Research Locale

The study will be conducted in the Philippines and focused on an anonymous university
found in Olympus, Novaliches, Quezon City. This university had an autonomous status, and it is
founded in 1967. The university is currently offered a 15 bachelor programs including the
Bachelor of Science in Nursing. The researchers choose the University because it suits on the
focus of the researchers as they offered online classes, and there is enough respondent that are
relevant for the study.

3.3 Population and Sampling/Key Informant Selection

In this study, non-probability sampling was used, specifically the purposive sampling
technique or also known as the judgmental sampling technique. According to Polit & Beck
(2015), Purposive sampling or judgmental sampling is based on the belief that researchers’
knowledge about the population can be used to hand-pick sample members. Researchers might
decide purposely to select subjects who are judged to be typical of the population or particularly
knowledgeable about the issues under study. Purposive sampling is often used when researchers
want a sample of experts, as in the case of a need’s assessment using the key informant approach
or in Delphi surveys.

The target population of research was about 253 second-year nursing students that are all
currently enrolled in the academic year 2020-2021. The researchers selected only 50% of the
population as the respondents. Each respondent should meet the following criteria: [1] the
students should have their face to face classes during their first-year college, [2] currently
enrolled in an online class this academic year 2020-2021, [3] it should be a 2nd-year bachelor
science in nursing student, [4] the students should accomplish the Fundamental of Nursing
Practices, Pharmacology, Community Health Nursing 1, and Care of Mother and Child and
Adolescent (Well Client) courses, [5] willing to participate. There is an exclusion in choosing a

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respondents in this study such as: [1] the student who does not currently enroll to Bachelor of
Science in Nursing at the anonymous university in Quezon City, [2] 1st year, 3rd year, & 4th year
nursing students,[3] students who still not accomplished any of the courses like the Fundamental
of Nursing Practices, Pharmacology, Community Health Nursing 1, and Care of Mother and
Child and Adolescent (Well Client). For the qualitative data gathering, the researchers used data
saturation where gathering will stop if there is already no new information elicited from the
respondents.

Kindly delete the numbering just continue with the discussion

The rationale for selecting a participant is that all the respondents had an experience of
face-to-face education way back in the latter academic year 2019 to 2020 including their summer
term in the research locale. They can compare their experiences during their face to face classes
to online asynchronous classes. The researchers conducted this key informant selection for the
accuracy and reliable data gathered from the students that will support our research study.

3.4 Research Ethics

Research is a multi-stage process and Ethics are central to the research process.
Researchers need to take care of various ethical issues at different levels of upon doing this
process. The term autonomous means that a person can make his or her own decisions about what
to do and what to agree to. Thus, the researchers provide a letter of consent with the survey
questionnaire in order to maintain the autonomy of the respondents. Also, to ensure that
participants have an autonomous right to self-determination, researchers ensure that respondents
understand that they have a right to decide whether to participate voluntarily in our research
study. Confidentiality is the keeping of another person or entity’s information private. It is the
protection of personal information. Hence, Researchers are aware of the identity of their subject.
Signed consent and other personally identifiable data are collected. To ensure the confidentiality
of the respondents, researchers keep the information secure using password safe files. The
researchers guaranteed to the respondents that the gathered information and data was only use for
research and educational purposes. The definition of beneficence is action that is done for the

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benefit of others. This principle states that research should: Do no harm. So, researchers ensure
that the design of the study will generally benefit people. This can include the study of the
efficacy of online asynchronous learning modality to the competency of second year nursing
student. Researchers performed in a manner that benefits those involved by measuring their
readiness for their profession and make recommendations regarding their needs and implement
protection to minimize unfavorable effect. Veracity means that researchers should tell the truth
and pass on information in a comprehensive and objective way. Accordingly, the researchers give
the respondents the concepts of truth about the study with the absence of deception. All aspects of
a research project had an explanation by the researcher who make every effort to ensure that the
participants understand the implications throughout the study. This principle deals with the
concept of fairness. Accordingly, researchers ensure that the people who are participated in the
study are not included just because they are the population that is easy to access, available, or
even vulnerable and less able to decline to participate. Researchers guaranteed that question being
asked in the study is relevant and benefits the participants. Also, the participant who declines to
take part in the study was treated fairly without any prejudices.

3.5 Research Instrument

The research instruments use by the researchers for this study is a survey-questionnaire
form, where every survey-questionnaire form have a letter of consent for the respondents of this
study. The research instrument contains three parts. The part I of the survey-questionnaire use to
elicit the respondent’s the usual range of scores in their major examinations during their academic
year 2019-2020, where the interval of the scores is 20. The part I of survey questioner is a
formulated by the researchers. For the second part of the survey questionnaire it contains 30 item
questions with multiple choices, the question is about their major courses include; Fundamentals
of Nursing Practice, Pharmacology, Community Health Nursing I and Care of Mother and Child
and Adolescent (Well Client); half of the survey questionnaire is formulated by the researchers
through their books and notes and also some of the questions is adapted were come from internet
and books. The 30-item questions are consulted to the experts from different courses mentioned
respectively in order to validate its reliability when it uses in the study. In the part III of the

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survey questionnaire, the researcher want to collect data by presenting checklist about the most
use coping strategies the questions use for coping strategies and it is adapted by the researchers
from their literature review same for the part about the factors affecting the students experience in
the asynchronous learning education. The other separated form for qualitative data is also a
formulated instrument based on the reviewed literature where it asks about the perception or
thoughts about the asynchronous learning modalities of the respondents.

3.6 Data Collection

The researchers will conduct a study from an anonymous college of nursing in Quezon
City. The priority for the first visit of the researchers to the said institution is to ask permission to
the college dean to conduct the researcher’s study through a letter noted by the researcher’s
adviser. The researchers will also gather information about the total number of second year
nursing students including their list of names per section and conducted a pilot study to some
respondents through electronic mail thru Google Forms software. Each respondent subjected to
pilot study will reach through their social media accounts. The pilot study with the aid of
Cronbach's alpha tool is used by the researchers to measure reliability of the instrument. On the
next day, the researchers conduct the survey to the respondents through e-mail using the same
software and every locale of the study is qualified for the study because they meet the criteria set
by the researchers. Accordingly, each respondent will be contacted through their social media
accounts. The research study is explained to the respondents and a letter of consent is presented
first in order to ensure the confidentiality of the data to be gathered before the research
instrument. The survey-questionnaire is can be accomplished within 15-20 minutes. The data is
gathered and undergone in a data tallying system with the help of computer application. Each data
is treated with the use of statistical tools and reviewed by the researchers. The treated data are
tabularized for the research presentation.

3.7 Data Analysis

The research is composed of one-group which is the 2 nd year nursing education with two
dependent data which are the scores that they usually got in their major examinations during their
academic year 2019-2020 and the scores that the respondents will get from the researcher’s
instrument. The research instrument used had a thirty-item test. In order to compare it to the other

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dependent data, the researchers multiply the scores of the respondent by 5. The researcher used a
T-test statistical tool for dependent samples to determine whether the mean difference between
two sets of observations is zero (Kent University, 2020).

D
Tc=
SD
√N
where:

Tc: Computed T-Value

D: mean difference

SD: Standard deviation

N: number of respondents

The standard deviation is the measure of variability where it accounts the difference of
every score in a distribution from the mean of distribution. The formula below is highly
suggestive for the large number of samples available in the study.

∑ (d−d ̿ )2
SD=
√ N

where:

d: differences of the scores from Academic year 2019-2020 and

the scores from the data gathered
d ̿ : the mean of the differences of two dependent samples

N: number of respondents

Once there is already a computed T-value, the researcher will be going to identify the
critical T-value in the Table of T-distribution using the computation of “degree of freedom”
which is the subtraction of one to the total population, and the level of significance which is 5%.
On the other hand, data like the scores that the respondents usually got, factors affecting
asynchronous online education and the coping strategies they used are analyzed using percentage
distribution. Meanwhile, the passing score for the questionnaire presented by the researchers is

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60% of the total score. The result is also analyzed using percentage distribution. The qualitative
data collected by the researchers will be undergo narrative analysis where the researchers’ task is
to analyze respondent’s perception about online asynchronous modality. This method is usually
used when experienced and stories is the data to be analyze by the researchers in the study
(Gebreamlak, 2019).

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were coping with the so-called “new normal” amid the Covid-19 health crisis.]. Retrieved
October 11, 2020, from https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/07/09/campus-press/pros-and-
cons-of-online-learning/739650/

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Nanay, Handa Na Ba Kayong Maging Tagapagdaloy? (2020, October 05). Retrieved November
20, 2020, from https://www.flipscience.ph/news/features-news/tagapagdaloy-modular-
distance-learning/

Paul, J., & Jefferson, F. (2019, October 15). A Comparative Analysis of Student Performance in
an Online vs. Face-to-Face Environmental Science Course From 2009 to 2016. Retrieved
November 20, 2020, from
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2019.00007/full

Gebreamlak, Kenneth, Castro, L., Sese, T., Blessing, Vandana, . . . Nwabia, C. (2019, July 12).
Your Guide to Qualitative and Quantitative Data Analysis Methods - Atlan: Humans of
Data. Retrieved November 20, 2020, from
https://humansofdata.atlan.com/2018/09/qualitative-quantitative-data-analysis-methods/

Chandra, Y. (2020), "Online education during COVID-19: perception of academic stress and
emotional intelligence coping strategies among college students", Asian Education and
Development Studies, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print.
https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-05-2020-0097

Baticulon, R., Alberto, N., Baron, M., Mabulay, R., Rizada, L., Sy, J., . . . Reyes, J. (2020,
January 01). Barriers to online learning in the time of COVID-19: A national survey of
medical students in the Philippines. Retrieved November 22, 2020, from
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.16.20155747v2

MacIntyre, P., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2020, August 22). Language teachers' coping
strategies during the Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress,
wellbeing and negative emotions. Retrieved November 22, 2020, from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0346251X20307120

Kwary DA, Fauzie S. Students'achievement and opinions on the implementation of e-learning for
phonetics and phonology lectures at Airlangga University. Educ
Pesqui. 2018;44 doi:10.1590/s1678-4634201710173240. 

Perceptions of students regarding E-learning during Covid-19 at a private medical college,

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7306963/,Pakistan journal of medical
sciences, November 23, 2020

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Mamattah RS. Students'Perceptions of E-Learning. 2016. Available online: https://www.diva-

portal.org/smash/get/diva2:925978/FULLTEXT01.pdf .

Alzahrani, S. S., Park, Y. S., & Tekian, A. (2018). Study habits and academic achievement
among medical students: A comparison between male and female subjects. Medical
Teacher, 40(Sup1). doi:10.1080/0142159x.2018.1464650

Al-Amari, H. G. (2015b). The Perception of College Students about a Healthy Lifestyle and its
Effect on their Health. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, 05(06), 1–4.
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Amponsah, K. D., Adasi, G. S., Mohammed, S. M., Ampadu, E., & Okrah, A. K. (2020).
Stressors and coping strategies: The case of teacher education students at University of
Ghana. Cogent Education, 7(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2020.1727666

Rumfola, L. (2017). Positive Reinforcement Positively Helps Students in the Classroom

Okoro, Emeka, "Assessment of Stress Related Issues and Coping Mechanisms among College
Students" (2018). All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects. 825.
https://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/etds/825

Al-Amari, H. G. (2015). The Perception of College Students about a Healthy Lifestyle and its
Effect on their Health. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, 05(06), 1–4.
https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000437

C.P, D.M. (2017). Stress and Coping Strategies among College Students. 22(8), 40-44.
doi:10.9790/0837-2208044044

Amponsah, K. D., Adasi, G. S., Mohammed, S. M., Ampadu, E., & Okrah, A. K. (2020b).
Stressors and coping strategies: The case of teacher education students at University of
Ghana. Cogent Education, 7(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2020.1727666

Adams, R. V., & Blair, E. (2019). Impact of Time Management Behaviors on Undergraduate
Engineering Students’ Performance. SAGE Open, 9(1), 215824401882450.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018824506

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Choudhry, F., Mani, V., Ming, L., & Khan, T. (2016, October 31). Beliefs and perception about
mental health issues: A meta-synthesis. Retrieved December 06, 2020, from
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Makulova, A., Alimzhanova, G., Bekturganova, Z., Umirzakova, Z., Makulova, L., &
Karymbayeva, K. (2015, July 28). Theory and Practice of Competency-Based Approach in
Education. December 11, 2020, http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n8p183

APPENDIX A
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
QUEZON CITY
COLLEGE OF NURSING

Carmela V. Perez RM, RN, MAN

Faculty Member, College of Nursing
Our Lady of Fatima University, Quezon City
#1 Esperanza St., Hilltop Mansion Heights, 
Lagro, Quezon City

Ma’am:

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Good day. On behalf of the researchers of Our Lady of Fatima University Quezon City,
Section BSN 3Y1 – 4S Group 5, we are humbly asking permission from you to be our
research adviser for the research study entitled “The Efficacy of Online Asynchronous
Modality to the Cognitive Competency of Second Year Nursing Students in
Academic Year 2020-2021”. We have chosen you as our adviser because of the
experiences that you have in this field and we are fortunate if we will have a chance to be
guided by one of the promising members of the faculty in this constitution. 
      
We hope with your enormous experience in Nursing Research and our inspiration to
pursue this study, we will have a meaningful research collaboration. Again, Good day
and God bless!

Sincerely,

Rhovic P. Consuelo
Principal Investigator

Noted by:

Liza May Jecino PhDN, RN

Research Instructor

APPENDIX B
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
QUEZON CITY
COLLEGE OF NURSING

Nelia R. Capulong, RN, MAN  

Dean, College of Nursing
Our Lady of Fatima University, Quezon City
#1 Esperanza St., Hilltop Mansion Heights, 
Lagro, Quezon City

Ma’am:

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Good day. On behalf of the researchers of Our Lady of Fatima University Quezon City,
Section BSN 3Y1 – 4S Group 5, we are humbly asking permission to conduct our
research study to your college and it is entitled  “The Efficacy of Online Asynchronous
Modality to the Cognitive Competency of Second Year Nursing Students in
Academic Year 2020-2021”. We have chosen your college to be subjected to our study
because the college has enough students that are ideal for our research study. We would
like also to emphasize the benefits of our study and hopefully, it will help the college in
facilitating online classes through our research findings.
      
We hope our permission will be granted by your good office and sooner we will be able
to conduct our research study into your dearest college. Again, Good day and God bless!

Sincerely,

Rhovic P. Consuelo
Principal Investigator

Noted by:

Carmela V. Perez RM, RN, MAN

Research Adviser

APPENDIX C
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
QUEZON CITY
COLLEGE OF NURSING

CONSENT FORM
Project Title: “The Efficacy of Online Asynchronous Modality to the Cognitive
Competency of
Second Year Nursing Students in Academic Year 2020-2021”
Researchers: Rhovic P. Consuelo
                    Rachelle D. Buenaventura
                    Clariza Denice A. Cayme
                    Giselle V. Estoquia

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                   Nikkie B Gapultos
                   Felyn Joy C. Landero

Purpose: To know the effectiveness of online asynchronous modality to the cognitive

competency of the second-year nursing students as the researchers also identify problems
and coping strategies done with this modality.

Description of the Process: The survey-questionnaire that will be given has three parts.
The first part and the third part are composed of questions that are answerable by
checking on the appropriate column. The second part is composed of 30 item questions
that have multiple choices. The purpose of the second part is to quantify the cognitive
competency of the students by identifying the number of respondents who got a passing
score of 60%. There will also a second form containing a subjective question for the
respondents. The survey-questionnaire is can be accomplished within 15-20 minutes.

Participant Selection: You are being asked to participate in this study because knowing
your present cognitive competency will guarantee you awareness regarding your
capability. This will also help you to verbalized concerns and to be included in our
recommendations.

Participation: By participating in this research, you will not be subjected to any risk,
such as information leaks upon taking the survey and breaking the confidentiality of the
study.

Risks: There are no anticipated risks or discomforts related to this research 

Benefits: The researchers aim to develop your experience in online asynchronous

modality.

Confidentiality and Feedback: Any collected information shall be used only for study
purposes. Your privacy shall always be protected. After the study is completed you shall

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be provided with feedback about your participation. After the study has been finished, a
copy of the manuscript will be provided.

Right to Refuse or Withdraw: We can guarantee that you may stop participating in this
research at any moment.

Who to Contact: If you have any questions, you can ask the researchers before, during,
or even after the research is conducted. If you wish to ask questions later, you may e-mail
the researcher at [email protected].

CERTIFICATION
I agree to participate and be involved in the thesis research project based on the
information I have read in the consent form. All the procedures, benefits, and risks have
been explained to me. I have had an opportunity to ask any questions and to receive any
additional details I wanted to study. If I gave any questions about the study, I could ask
the researcher.

Printed Name of the Participant: _________________

 Date Signed: ______________

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Rhovic P. Consuelo
Principal Investigator

CERTIFICATION
(Researcher’s Copy)
I agree to participate and be involved in the thesis research project based on the
information I have read in the consent form. All the procedures, benefits, and risks have
been explained to me. I have had an opportunity to ask any questions and to receive any
additional details I wanted to study. If I have any questions about the study, I can ask the
researcher.

Printed Name of the Participant: _________________

Signature of the Participant: _____________________
Date Signed: ____________

Principal investigator
Rhovic P. Consuelo

APPENDIX D
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
QUEZON CITY
COLLEGE OF NURSING

To Respondents,
The researchers are currently conducting a research study entitled “The Efficacy of
Online Asynchronous Modality to the Cognitive Competency of Second Year

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Nursing Students in Academic Year 2020-2021”. For this study, the researchers will
survey your college by utilizing this survey-questionnaire. The data that will be collected
will be all confidential throughout the process of research investigation. All in all, this
research aim is to develop your experience and to provide a recommendation regarding
your online asynchronous modality. Nevertheless, the researchers are full of gratitude due
to your participation in this study.    
Sincerely,
The Researchers
Part I
Name (optional): ____________________________________
What is your usual range of scores that you got with your major examinations during the
Academic Year 2019-2020? Put a () on the line adjacent to your chosen answer.
Scores
159-130 ______
129-110 ______
119-100 ______
99-80 ______
79-60 ______
59-40 ______
39-20 ______
<20 ______

Part II
Questionnaire: 30 questions
Direction: The following questions are related to the courses Fundamentals of Nursing
Practice, Pharmacology, Community Health Nursing I and Care of Mother and Child and
Adolescent (Well Client). Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. During which of the following would the focus of classes be mainly on
physiologic changes, fetal development, sexuality, during pregnancy, and
nutrition?
a) First Trimester
b) Prepregnant period
c) Second trimester
d) Third trimester

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2. Who was the original author of the Illness-wellness continuum?

a) Mary breckenridge in 1925
b) Dr.William S. Travis in 1972
c) Florence Nightingale in 1875
d) Dr.John W. Travis in 1972

3. A patient must receive 50 units of Humulin regular insulin. The label reads
100 units= 1ml. How many milliliters should the nurse administer?
a) 0.5ml
b) 0.75ml
c) 1ml
d) 2ml
4. According to Freeman and Heinrich, community health nursing is a
developmental service. Which of the best illustrate this statement?
a) Community health nursing is intended primarily for health promotion and
prevention and treatment of disease.
b) The community health nurse continuously develops himself personally
and professionally
c) Health education and community organizing are necessary in providing
community health services
d) The goal community health nursing is to provide nursing services to
people in their own places of residences

5. Cervical softening and uterine souflle are classified at which of the following?
a) Diagnostic sign
b) Presumptive sign
c) Probable sign
d) NOTA

6. A physician's order reads " administer 1g cefazolin sodium cancer in 150 ml

of normal saline solution in 60 mins" what is the flow rate if the drop factor
is 10gtt= 1ml?
a) 25 gtt/min
b) 37 gtt/min
c) 50 gtt/min
d) 60 gtt/min

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1
7. Half life (t ) doesn’t depend on:
2
a) Biotransformation
b) Time of drug absorption
c) Concentration of a drug in plasma
d) Rate of drug elimination

8. Pharmacodynamics involves the study of following EXCEPT:

a) Biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
b) Absorption and distribution of drugs
c) Mechanisms of drug action
d) Drug interactions

9. Proper spacing is important for a mother for her to recover from recent
pregnancy and improve her well-being. This also gives time for a mother to
take care for her baby and improve relationship with her husband.
According to Four Pillars of PFPP, what is the advised year spacing after
pregnancy?
a) 1-3 years
b) 3-5 years
c) 1-2 years
d) 2-5 yearS
10. Goal setting occurs during which phase of nursing process?
a) Diagnosing
b) Implementing
c) Evaluating
d) Planning

11. According to IMCI, all are signs of severe dehydration except______

a) Restlessness
b) Sunken eyes
c) Skin pinch goes back very slowly
d) Abnormally sleepy

12. A nurse obtained a client's pulse and found the rate to be above normal. The
nurse document these findings as:
a) Tachypnea
b) Hyperpyrexia
c) Arrhythmia
d) Tachycardia

13. Which of the following is included in Orem's theory?

a) Maintenance of a sufficient intake of air
b) Self perception
c) Love and belongingness

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d) Physiologic needs
14. You are preparing immunization vaccine for a newborn. As a nurse you
know that BCG vaccine is prepared and administered in which site and route
a) 0.5 mL right vastus lateralis, ID
b) 0.05 mL right upper deltoid, ID
c) 0.05 mL right vastus lateralis, SQ
d) 0.05 mL right upper deltoid, SQ

15. A client who is unconscious needs frequent mouth care. When performing a
mouth care the best position of a client is?
a) Fowler's position
b) Side lying
c) Supine
d) Trendelenburg
16. When assessing the adequacy of sperm for conception to occur, which of
the following is the most useful criteria?
a) Sperm count
b) Sperm motility
c) Sperm maturity
d) Semen volume

17. Which of the following effects is related to direct beta1- adrenoceptor

stimulation?
a) Bronchodilation
b) Vasodilation
c) Tachycardia
d) Bradycardia

18. Region IV Hospital is classified as what level of facility?

a) Intermediate
b) Primary
c) Secondary
d) Tertiary

19. Which of the following would the nurse identify as a presumptive sign of
pregnancy?

a) Hegar sign
b) Nausea and vomiting
c) Skin pigmentation changes
d) Positive serum pregnancy test

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20. Mr. Koro ask the nurse “why my left testicle is lower than the right?” The
most appropriate answer is.
a) If a person is right handed his right testis is higher than the left
b) It’s normal to have one testicle higher than the other.
c) It prevents friction during active movement
d) It reduces the sperm even one is slightly suspended

21. FHR can be auscultated with a fetoscope as early as which of the following?

a) 5 weeks gestation
b) 10 weeks gestation
c) 15 weeks gestation
d) 20 weeks gestation

22. Pharmacokinetics is
a) The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
b) The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
c) The study of mechanisms of drug action
d) The study of methods of new drug development
23. Common nursing interventions that are carried out during the
implementing phase
a) Teaching and educating patients
b) Pain management
c) Preventing complications
d) All of the above

24. It is the time from when the egg is released until the first day of
menstruation, when you get your period.
a) Luteal phase
b) Proliferative phase
c) Follicular phase
d) Secretory phase.

25. Which of the following is the meaning of PRN?

a) When advice
b) Immediate
c) When necessary
d) Now
26. Is a drug of choice against gonorrhea conjunctivitis, chlamydia.
a) ozenoxacin

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b) retapamulin
c) erythromycin
d) mupirocin

27. A patient received 30mg of codeine by mouth for pain, five mins later he
vomits what should the nurse do first?
a) Call the physician
b) Remedicate the patient
c) Observe the emesis
d) Explain to the patient that she can do nothing to help him
28. The effects of sympathomimetics on blood pressure are associated with their
effects on:
a) The heart
b) The peripheral resistance
c) The venous return
d) All of the above

29. Denotes the body parts that will first contact the cervix or deliver first.
a) Cephalic presentation
b) Fetal presentation
c) Breech presentation
d) Shoulder presentation
30. Which of the following urinary symptoms does the pregnant woman most
frequently experience during the first trimester?
a) Dysuria
b) Frequency
c) Incontinence
d) Burning

Part III
Survey:
What is the most factor affecting your online education? Put a () on the line adjacent to
your chosen answer.

Technological Factors (Lack of necessary hardware, ______

software and resources to access online class)

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E-learning system Quality Factors (The software that ______

used are insufficient and hard to utilizes for online
learning)

Cultural Factors (Lack of department encouragement ______

and guidance to utilizes software for online class)

Self-Efficacy Factors (Lack of capability of the users ______

in utilizing software due to loss of desire)

Trust Factor (Lack of reliability of the information ______

utilizes in online learning, and lack of safety with the
use of software)

Others (please specify) ______________________________

What is your most usual coping strategy to cope-up difficulties during your online
asynchronous modality? Put a () on the column adjacent to your chosen answer.

Coping Strategies Never Rarely Sometimes Often Always

1. Time Management
2. Having A Healthy
Lifestyle
3. Relaxation Techniques
(e.g. Sleep, yoga, power
naps, listening to music)
4. Study Habits (e.g. re-
reading the text,
recalling, highlighting)
5. Behavioral
Modification (e.g.
rewarding yourself after
accomplished
something)
6. Spirituality (e.g.
praying)

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APPENDIX E
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
QUEZON CITY
COLLEGE OF NURSING

To Respondents,
The researchers are currently conducting a research study entitled “The Efficacy of
Online Asynchronous Modality to the Cognitive Competency of Second Year
Nursing Students in Academic Year 2020-2021”. For this study, the researchers will
survey your college by utilizing this survey-questionnaire. The data that will be collected
will be all confidential throughout the process of research investigation. All in all, this
research aim is to develop your experience and to provide a recommendation regarding
your online asynchronous modality. Nevertheless, the researchers are full of gratitude due
to your participation in this study.    
Sincerely,
The Researchers

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Part I
Name (optional): ____________________________________

What is your perception regarding asynchronous online education? Is there an effect on

your performance and self-esteem? (Minimum of three sentences)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________

APPENDIX F
Answer key:
1. A
2. D
3. A
4. C
5. C
6. A
7. B
8. B
9. B
10. D

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11. A
12. D
13. A
14. B
15. B
16. B
17. C
18. D
19. B
20. C
21. D
22. B
23. D
24. D
25. C
26. C
27. C
28. D
29. B
30. B

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APPENDIX G

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CURRICULUM VITAE

CONSUELO, RHOVIC P.

Phase 3, Eastwind Homes, Barangay San Isidro, Rodriguez, Rizal

09773187811
[email protected]
CAREER OBJECTIVE: To gain success and help others
EXPERIENCE
Quezon City, Metro Manila | August 2020– Present
Research Student
The Effectiveness of Utilizing A Mechanical Improvised Washing Machine Made from Scrap
Materials and Commercially Acquired Electric Generated Washing Machine in The School Year
2015-2016
 Learned to create a washing machine using scrap materials
 Can conduct a survey from one community regarding to the research project
 Gained first experience of research defense

The Text Mining of Thesis Works of Biology Students in Polytechnic University of The
Philippines A.Y 2016 – 2017
 Gained knowledge about “Text Mining”
 Gained knowledge in utilizing a sorting application named “Comprehensive R Archive
Network (CRAN) and R studio 3.4.1”
 Learned knowledge about “Text Mining and Cluster Analysis” and “Clustering Algorithms:
Euclidean and Ward Method”

The Case Study of Teachers’ Awareness in First Aid in Pio Del Pilar Elementary School During
Emergency in The School Year 2016-2017
 Gained experience on how to process a letter of request from conducting a research study by
personally meeting the division supervisor of DepEd Manila Division Office
 Can analyze data collected by utilizing simple statistical tools
 Can utilized time in accordance to the hectic schedule of the respondents

The Efficacy of Online Asynchronous Modality to the Cognitive Competency of

Second Year Nursing Students in Academic Year 2020-2021
After finalizing the whole research study

Educational Attainment

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Level School/Course Date Graduated

Elementary Euloqio Rodriguez Jr. 2007-2012

Elementary School

Junior High School Roosevelt College Rodriguez 2012-2016

Senior High School Polytechnic University of the 2016- 2018

Philippines, Manila

College Our Lady of Fatima 2018-present

University, Quezon City

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Civil Status: Single
Age: 20 years old
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Birthday: January 11, 2000
Skills:
 Promotes Fairness
 Works and cooperates well with others
 Time oriented in doing task
 Imaginative
 Problem Solver
 Detail-oriented
 Observant
 Professional values and ethics
 Have ability to adapt to the working environment

I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and
belief.
Rhovic P. Consuelo
Applicant's signature

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BUENAVENTURA, RACHELLE D.

Blk 3 Lot 1 everlasting st. Villa Magdalena 3 Subd. Camarin Rd. Novaliches Quezon City
09063634801
[email protected]
CAREER OBJECTIVE: To gain knowledge and utilize skills and to obtain success.
EXPERIENCE
Quezon City, Metro Manila | Aug 2020 – Presen
Research Student

The Efficacy of Online Asynchronous Modality to the Cognitive Competency of

Second Year Nursing Students in Academic Year 2020-2021
After finalizing the whole research study

Educational Attainment
Level School/Course Date Graduated

Elementary Placido Del Mundo 2004-2010

Elementary School

Tandang Sora National High

School
High School 2010-2014

College Our Lady of Fatima 2018-present

University, Quezon City

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Civil Status: Single
Age: 22 years old
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Birthday: September 28, 1998
Skills:

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING

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EFFICACY OF ONLINE ASYNCHRONOUS MODALITY…

 Active listening
 Communication skills
 Interpersonal skills
 Management skills
 Problem-solving
 Time management
 Transferable skills
 Resourceful
 Observant
 trustworthy

I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and
belief.

Rachelle D. Buenaventura
Applicant's signature

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING

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EFFICACY OF ONLINE ASYNCHRONOUS MODALITY…

CAYME,CLARIZA DENICE A.

179 T. Samson Road, Deparo Caloocan City

09559922504
[email protected]
CAREER OBJECTIVE: To attain experience in life and achieve my long term goals.
EXPERIENCE
Quezon City, Metro Manila | August 2020– Presen
Research Student

A comparison of the Mass Change between Pebble and Limestone

Under NaCl solution
 Can compare the mass change between pebble and limestone under NaCl solution
 Can conduct an experimentation heightens observation skills
 Has a knowledge in computing some computations using Minitab
 Gained knowledge in how to use the Microsoft excel also for computing purposes.
 Gained knowledge on how to analyze results and also the whole study.
 Gained new experience on how to perform a research title defense.
 Gained new experience on how to perform research defense.

The Evaluation of the Larvicidal Effects of Jatropha curcas (Tuba – tuba) Against Aedes aegypti
(Mosquito)

 Gained knowledge in conducting larvicidal assay.

 Gained experience for the future research to know what to improve.
 Can conduct an experimentation heightens observation skills
 Can analyzed the whole study about larvicidal
 Has an idea about larvicidal bioassay

The Efficacy of Online Asynchronous Modality to the Cognitive Competency of

Second Year Nursing Students in Academic Year 2020-2021
 After finalizing the whole research study.

Educational Attainment
Level School/Course Date Graduated

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING

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EFFICACY OF ONLINE ASYNCHRONOUS MODALITY…

Elementary Holy Infant Montessori 2006-2009

Center. 2009-2012
Guardian Angel School Inc.

Junior High School Guardian Angel School Inc. 2012-2016

Senior High School Caloocan National Science 2016- 2018

and Technology High School

College Our Lady of Fatima 2018-present

University, Quezon City

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age: 22 years old
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Birthday: September 06, 1998
Skills:
 Openly expresses ideas
 Works and cooperates well with others
 Great in Problem solving
 Can finish task fast and easily
 Has creative thinking
 Can easily think a great strategy in every problem/work.
 Can easily learn many
 Can’t easily giving up in each problem that will be encountered
 Detail-oriented
 Inquisitive
 Observant
 Professional values and ethics
 Have ability to adapt to the working environment

I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and
belief.

Clariza Denice A .Cayme

Applicant's signature

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING

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EFFICACY OF ONLINE ASYNCHRONOUS MODALITY…

ESTOQUIA, GISELLE V.

Blk 18 Lot 14 Phase 1 Palmera Northwinds City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan
09155437419
[email protected]
CAREER OBJECTIVE: To attain experience in life and to expand my knowledge, learnings and skills.

EXPERIENCE
Quezon City, Metro Manila | August 2020– Presen
Research Student

Research paper On Loss of Appetite for food among Grade 8 students of Village
Montessori School

 To identify causes and effects of loss of appetite for food among the Grade 8 students
 Recommend to the students, ways on how to treat and to prevent loss of appetite for food.
 Find out what the students did to regain their appetite for food.
 Gained knowledge on how to increase their physical activity in order to also increase their
appetite in food.
 Gained knowledge on how to gather the results and the whole research study.
 Gained new experience on how to perform a research defense

A Comparison of the Chemical Composition between Ariel, Calla, Tide, Surf and Champion

 Can compare the chemical composition of those 5 brands

 Gained knowledge about the effects of those chemical compositions to the user.
 Gained knowledge about the disadvantages/advantages of these brands.
 Can analyze the study towards the role of packing on consumer buying behavior in the Philippines
while purchasing the detergent powder
 Has an idea about the differences and similarities of these brands.

The Efficacy of Online Asynchronous Modality to the Cognitive Competency of

Second Year Nursing Students in Academic Year 2020-2021
 After finalizing the whole research study.

Educational Attainment

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING

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EFFICACY OF ONLINE ASYNCHRONOUS MODALITY…

Level School/Course Date Graduated

Elementary Village Montessori School 2006-2009

2009-2012
Junior High School Village Montessori School 2012-2016

Senior High School Village Montessori School 2016- 2018

College Our lady of Fatima University 2018-present

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Civil Status: Single
Age: 20 years old
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Birthday: June 13, 2000

Skills:
 Excellent written and verbal communication skills
 Openly expresses ideas
 Highly organized and efficient
 Ability to work independently as a part of a team
 Has the ability to multi task and handle several responsibilities simultaneously
 Active listening
 Computer skills
 Flexible and Dependable
 Emotional Intelligence
 responsible

I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and
belief.
Giselle V. Estoquia
Applicant's signature

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING

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EFFICACY OF ONLINE ASYNCHRONOUS MODALITY…

GAPULTOS, NIKKIE B.

Lower Hasmin Everlasting St. Payatas A. Quezon City

09568562665
[email protected]
CAREER OBJECTIVE: To be able to help others and gain success.

EXPERIENCE
Quezon City, Metro Manila | Aug 2020 – Presen
Research Student

The Efficacy of Online Asynchronous Modality to the Cognitive Competency of

Second Year Nursing Students in Academic Year 2020-2021
 After finalizing the whole research study.

Educational Attainment
Level School/Course Date Graduated

Elementary Caroline Learning Center 2005-2009

2009-2012
Junior High School Batasan Hills National High 2013-2016
School

Our Lady of Fatima

Senior High School University 2016- 2018

College Our lady of Fatima University 2018-present

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Civil Status: Single
Age: 21 years old
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING

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EFFICACY OF ONLINE ASYNCHRONOUS MODALITY…

Birthday: June 28, 1999

Skills:
 Openly expresses ideas
 Works and cooperates well with others
 Great in Problem solving
 Can finish task fast and easily
 Has creative thinking
 Can easily think a great strategy in every problem/work.
 Can easily learn many
 Can’t easily giving up in each problem that will be encountered
 Detail-oriented
 Inquisitive
 Observant
 Professional values and ethics
 Have ability to adapt to the working environment

I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and
belief.

Nikkie Baac Gapultos

Applicant's signature

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING

 lxii
EFFICACY OF ONLINE ASYNCHRONOUS MODALITY…

LANDERO, FELYN JOY C.

Phase 3 Blk 35 Lot 16 Centella Homes Subdivision San Isidro Rodriquez Rizal
09083462330
[email protected]
CAREER OBJECTIVE: To gain knowledge and utilize skills and to obtain success.

EXPERIENCE
Quezon City, Metro Manila | Aug 2020 – Presen
Research Student

The Efficacy of Online Asynchronous Modality to the Cognitive Competency of

Second Year Nursing Students in Academic Year 2020-2021
 After finalizing the whole research study.

Educational Attainment
Level School/Course Date Graduated

Elementary San Diego Elementary 2009-2012

School

Junior High School General Licerio Geronimo 2013-2016

Memorial National High
School

Sta. Cecilia Parochial

Senior High School School 2016- 2018

College Our lady of Fatima University 2018-present

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING

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EFFICACY OF ONLINE ASYNCHRONOUS MODALITY…

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Civil Status: Single
Age: 21 years old
Religion: Baptist
Citizenship: Filipino
Birthday: May 24, 1999
Skills:

 Active listening
 Works and cooperates well with others
 Communication skills
 Professional values and ethics
 Have ability to adapt to the working environment

 Interpersonal skills
 Management skills
 Time management
 Observant
 trustworthy

I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and
belief.

Felyn Joy C. Landero

Applicant's signature

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING