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Oral Anatomy Lecture 2 Tooth and Its Supporting Structure

The document discusses the anatomy and structures of human teeth, including their functions, types, parts, supporting structures, development, and terminology used to describe teeth. It provides details on the primary and permanent dentition, as well as the geometric shapes and lobes that make up different types of teeth.

Uploaded by

Phoelise Salazar
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122 views73 pages

Oral Anatomy Lecture 2 Tooth and Its Supporting Structure

The document discusses the anatomy and structures of human teeth, including their functions, types, parts, supporting structures, development, and terminology used to describe teeth. It provides details on the primary and permanent dentition, as well as the geometric shapes and lobes that make up different types of teeth.

Uploaded by

Phoelise Salazar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOOTH AND ITS

SUPPORTING
STRUCTURES
WHY?
HUMAN DENTITION

• DIPHYODONT
• HETERODONT
HUMAN DENTITION
• PRIMARY/ DECIDUOUS
DENTITION
• SUCCEDANEOUS/
PERMANENT DENTITION
FUNCTION?

•chewing food into a bolus that can be


easily swallowed for further digestion
FUNCTION?
•giving structure,
tissue support and
shape to the face
FUNCTION?
•aiding in the
pronunciation of
sounds during
speech
TOOTH TYPES
• ANTERIOR • POSTERIOR
- incisors - premolars
- cuspids - molars

8
THE PARTS OF THE TOOTH
CROWN
ROOT
CEMENTOENAMEL JUNCTION

9
THE PARTS OF THE TOOTH

DENTIN
PULP CHAMBER
PULP CANAL
THE PARTS OF THE TOOTH

INCISAL RIDGE
CUSP
APEX
BIFURCATION
SUPPORTING STRUCTURES
AROUND THE TOOTH

ALVEOLAR
PROCESS
ALVEOLUS
GINGIVA
THE PERIODONTIUM
ENAMEL
DENTIN
CEMENTUM
PULP
14
ANATOMICAL VS CLINICAL CROWN
“ TERMS OF
ORIENTATION AND
REFERENCES

16
MAXILLARY

MANDIBULAR

17
SURFACES OF THE TEETH
• MESIAL
• DISTAL
• LABIAL
• LINGUAL
• INCISAL
• OCCLUSAL

18
19
TERMINOLOGIES
ELEVATIONS
DEPRESSIONS
CUSP - is an elevation or
mound on the crown portion
of a tooth making up a
divisional part of the occlusal
surface

TUBERCLE - smaller
elevation on some portion of
the crown produced by an
extra formation of enamel.
These are deviations from the
typical form
CINGULUM - is the lingual lobe of an
anterior tooth. It makes up the bulk of the
cervical third of the lingual surface.

RIDGE is any linear elevation on the surface


of a tooth and is named according to its
location

MARGINAL RIDGES are those


rounded borders of the enamel that form the
mesial and distal margins of the occlusal
surfaces of premolars and molars and the
mesial and distal margins of the lingual
surfaces of the incisors and canines
TRIANGULAR RIDGE - descend from the tips of the cusps of molars
and premolars toward the central part of the occlusal surfaces

TRANSVERSE RIDGE - the union of two triangular ridges crossing


transversely the surface of a posterior tooth
OBLIQUE
RIDGE - a ridge
crossing obliquely
the occlusal
surfaces of maxillary
molars and formed
by the union of the
triangular ridge of
the distobuccal
cusp and the distal
cusp ridge of the
mesiolingual cusp
FOSSA- an
irregular depression
or concavity.

LINGUAL FOSSA
CENTRAL FOSSA
TRIANGULAR FOSSA
SULCUS - a long
depression or valley in
the surface of a tooth
between ridges and
cusps, the inclines of
which meet at an
angle. A sulcus has a
developmental groove
at the junction of its
inclines.
DEVELOPMENTAL
GROOVE - shallow groove
or line between the primary
parts of the crown or root

SUPPLEMENTAL GROOVE
- less distinct, is also a shallow
linear depression on the
surface of a tooth, but it is
supplemental to a
developmental groove and
does not mark the junction of
primary parts.
PITS - are small
pinpoint depressions
located at the junction
of developmental
grooves or at terminals
of those grooves.
LOBE is one of the primary sections
-

of formation in the development of


the crown. Cusps and mamelons are
representative of lobes.
ELEVATIONS DEPRESSIONS
• CUSP • FOSSA
• TUBERCLE • SULCUS
• RIDGE • GROOVE
• CINGULUM • PITS
ROOTS OF TEETH
DIVISION INTO
THIRDS
DIVISION INTO
THIRDS
LINE ANGLES
POINT ANGLES
NOMENCLATURE
UNIVERSAL SYSTEM OF NOTATION
ZSIGMONDY/PALMER NOTATION
FDI (Fédération Dentaire Internationale)
6. (FDI)
EXERCISE #1:
1. (FDI)
4. (FDI)
2. (UNIVERSAL)
3. (PALMER’S)
5. (UNIVERSAL)

10. (UNIVERSAL)
11. (FDI)
9. (UNIVERSAL)
12. (UNIVERSAL)

13. (PALMER’s) 7. (FDI)


8. (PALMER’S)
14. (FDI)
15. (UNIVERSAL)
EXERCISE #1: 17. (PALMER’S)

16. (FDI)

18. (UNIVERSAL)

19. (FDI)

20. (UNIVERSAL)
DEVELOPMENT
OF THE
DENTITION
ERUPTION VS
EMERGENCE
After the crown and
part of the root are
formed, the tooth
penetrates the
alveolar gingiva
and makes its entry
(emergence) into
the mouth.
HUMAN DENTITION

DECIDUOUS TEETH Primary teeth; first set of teeth

Those permanent teeth that


SUCCESIONAL TEETH follow into place in the arch
once held by a primary teeth

ACCESSIONAL TEETH Those that erupt posterior to


the primary teeth
HUMAN DENTITION
• PRIMARY/ DECIDUOUS
DENTITION
• Begins to form -14 wks in
utero
• First teeth in dentition – 6
months
• Last emerge at mean age:
28 + 4 months

• Primary tooth crown formation


takes 2 to 3 years from initial
calcification to root completion.
HUMAN DENTITION
• PRIMARY/ DECIDUOUS
DENTITION

Calcification:
•A D B C E
Eruption:
•A B D C E
HUMAN DENTITION

• TRANSITION/MIXED
DENTITION PERIOD
• 6 to 12 years
• Until all deciduous teeth
has been shed
• Resorption
• Exfoliation
HUMAN DENTITION

• SUCCEDANEOUS/
PERMANENT DENTITION

• 61245378
• 61234578
DECIDUOUS VS. PERMANENT DENTITION
Crowns of primary teeth:
•Shorter
•Wider mesiodistally
•Constricted in the cervical portion
DECIDUOUS VS. PERMANENT DENTITION
Crowns of primary teeth:
•Narrower occlusal table
•Thinner enamel and dentin layers
•Enamel rods in the cervical area directed occlusally
•Color is usually lighter
DECIDUOUS VS. PERMANENT DENTITION
Roots of primary teeth:
• Roots of anterior teeth are
longer, and narrower
mesiodistally
• They are cone-shaped, and
the sides are often tapered
• Posterior teeth have longer
and more slender roots in
relation to crown size
• Molar roots flare more as
they approach the apex
DECIDUOUS VS. PERMANENT DENTITION

Pulp chambers and pulp


canals:
• Thin enamel
• Higher pupal horns and larger
pulp chambers
• Roots are narrow and long
(compared with crown width
and length)
DENTAL FORMULA
DECIDUOUS

I 2 C 1 M 2 = 10
2 1 2
PERMANENT

I 2 C 1 PM 2 M 3 =16
2 1 2 3
GEOMETRIC
FIGURES OF TEETH
TRIANGLES
MESIAL AND DISTAL ASPECTS OF THE
ANTERIOR TEETH
1. A wide base to the crown for
strength

2. Tapered outlines narrowing


down to a relatively thin ridge,
which facilitates the penetration
of food material
TRAPEZOID
Trapezoid with longest
uneven side toward
occlusal or incisal surface

• All anterior teeth,


maxillary and
mandibular - labial and
lingual aspect
• All posterior teeth-
buccal and lingual
aspect
TRAPEZOID
Trapezoid with longest
uneven side toward
occlusal or incisal surface
1. Interproximal spaces
to accommodate
interproximal tissue.
TRAPEZOID
Trapezoid with longest
uneven side toward
occlusal or incisal surface
2. Spacing between the
roots of one tooth and
those of another allows
sufficient bone tissue
TRAPEZOID
Trapezoid with longest
uneven side toward
occlusal or incisal surface
3. Tooth must be in
contact to ensure mutual
support and occlusal
stability
TRAPEZOID
Trapezoid with longest
uneven side toward
occlusal or incisal surface
3. Tooth must be in
contact to ensure mutual
support and occlusal
stability
TRAPEZOID
Trapezoid with shortest
uneven side toward occlusal
surface

• All maxillary
posterior teeth-
mesial and distal
aspect
TRAPEZOID
Trapezoid with shortest
uneven side toward occlusal
surface
1. The tooth can be forced
into food material more
easily.

2. To lessen forces of
mastication
RHOMBOID
MESIAL AND DISTAL ASPECT
OF ALL MANDIBULAR
POSTERIOR TEETH

• Bring the cusps into


proper occlusion with
the cusps of their
maxillary opponents.
LOBES
primary center of formation
LOBES
• represented by
a cusp on
posterior teeth
• mamelons and
cingula on
anterior teeth
ALL ANTERIOR TEETH

FOUR LOBES
• THREE labial
• ONE lingual
PREMOLARS
• THREE buccal
• ONE lingual

EXCEPTION:
• Mandibular second
premolar
• THREE buccal
• TWO lingual
FIRST MOLARS
• MAXILLARY
- FOUR lobes
- FIVE lobes (if
with cusp of
carabelli)

• MANDIBULAR
- FIVE lobes
SECOND MOLARS

• MAXILLARY &
MANDIBULAR
- FOUR lobes
THIRD MOLARS

• MAXILLARY &
MANDIBULAR
- At least FOUR lobes
- Variations may be seen

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