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MEC-E5003 - CE2 - Solutions

This document provides calculations to determine pressure losses and flow rates in a hydraulic system. It first calculates the required flow rate and power input to a hydraulic motor. It then uses this to calculate the required pump flow rate and displacement, accounting for system efficiencies. Pressure losses are determined through individual components using flow rates and known pressure loss coefficients. The pump output pressure is calculated by summing all pressure losses between the pump and cylinder.

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أبو أسامة حمدي
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80 views5 pages

MEC-E5003 - CE2 - Solutions

This document provides calculations to determine pressure losses and flow rates in a hydraulic system. It first calculates the required flow rate and power input to a hydraulic motor. It then uses this to calculate the required pump flow rate and displacement, accounting for system efficiencies. Pressure losses are determined through individual components using flow rates and known pressure loss coefficients. The pump output pressure is calculated by summing all pressure losses between the pump and cylinder.

Uploaded by

أبو أسامة حمدي
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOLUTION 4

The required output power of the hydraulic motor

Pm  T2   2  T2  2    n2  300 Nm  2    400 60s  12.6 kW

Due to losses, the input power to the motor has to be larger than the output power. From
the input power, flow requirement can be calculated.

Pm 12.6 kW
Pm, hydr    15.1 kW
t 2 0.83

Pm, hydr  p  q v,m

Pm, hydr
 q V,m  
15.1 kW
 1.08  10 3 m 3 s  64.9 l min 
p 14  10 6 Pa

With non-ideal pump, its output flow is lesser than with ideal one; which is expressed
with volumetric efficiency factor V.

qV,p   V  Vg  n1   V  Vrad  1

The inlet flow to the hydraulic motor is equal to pumps outlet flow
qV,p  qV,m

q V,p 1.08  10 3 m 3 s m3 cm 3
 Vg    68.3  10 6  68.3
 V  n1 0.95  1000 60s r r

Pumps hydraulic power (outlet power)

P1  qV,p  p  1.08  10 3  14  10 6  15 kW

Which can be seen being equal to (calculated above) motors inlet power (Pipes assumed
to be lossless)

Pumps mechanical inlet power (electric motors output power)


Pm, hydr 15.1 kW
Ppm    18.4 kW
 t1 0.82
SOLUTION 5

a) Flow requirement to cylinder qV,s

v  A1 0.02  20  10 4 m3
q V,s    40  10 6
 v,s 1 s

Flow produced by pump qV,p.

q V,p
q V,p      Vrad,max   v,p   
  Vrad,max   v,p
Flows have to be equal qV,p = qV,s (assuming that the pressure relief valve remains
closed).

q V,s 40  10 6
    0.5
  Vrad,max   v,p 2
1460   0.6  10 6  0.87
60

Pumps displacement has to be set to 50% of its maximum value.

b) Let’s calculate the pressure in the piston side chamber of cylinder while assuming
the pressure in rod side chamber being zero.

F 18600
pP    10 MPa
A1   hm,s 20  10  4  0.93

Calculating the driving torque of the pump TP

  Vrad,max 0.5  0.6  10 6


TP  p P   10  10 6   3.2 Nm
 hm,p 0.94

The power required to drive the pump Pin

2
Pin  TP    3.2  1460   489 W
60

Mechanical output power of cylinder Pout

Pout  F  v  18600  0.02  372 W

Overall system efficiency t

Pout 372
t    0.76
Pin 489
SOLUTION 6

a) Magnet a is energized

qV 3  v  A3 q V,p  A3 42 l min  25 cm 2
 qV 3    33.7 l min
q V,p  v  A1 A1 31.2 cm 2

The pressure losses in both control edges (from chart)

qV 3  33.7 l min  p BT  4 bar A1 A3


q V,p  42 l min  p PA  8 bar F
p1
p3
Resolving p1 (from force balance equation)

p1  A1  p3  A3  F
p P->A p B->T
p3  A3  F pp
p1 
A1
30kN  4  105 N m 2  25  104 m 2
p1   9.9MPa
31.2  10 4 m 2
pp  p1  pPA  9.9MPa  0.8 MPa  10.7MPa

b)

q V,p  v  A3 q V,p  A1 42 l min  31.2 cm 2


 qV 1    52.4 l min
qV 1  v  A1 A3 25 cm 2

The pressure losses (from chart)

qV 1  52.4 l min  p AT  10 bar A3


A1
q V,p  42 l min  p PB  8 bar F
p1
p3
Resolving p3 (from force balance equation)
p A->T p P->B
F  p1  A1
p3  pp
A3
30kN  10  105 N m 2  31.2  104 m 2
p3   13.2MPa
25  10 4 m 2

pp  p3  pPB  13.2MPa  0.8 MPa  14MPa


Additional information 1:

Should all the losses in the transfer line be included, one method for solving the
pumps output ports pressure would is to:

Solve volume flows in pipes



Find out the (inside) diameters of pipes

Calculate the flow velocities in the pipes

F Find out loss coefficients
of pipe bendings (see literature)
la 5 2 lb 
6 1   v2
p bend   90 
A B 2
a b 
P T
lp 4 Calculate losses in each bending
3 lt 
Calculate Re at each pipe

Find out the surface roughness of the pipes

Find out friction factor  , e.g. Moody’s chart

l   v2
p pipe    
d 2

Calculate pressure loss at each pipe

Sum the pressure losses starting from tank and return line and ending to the rod side
chamber of the cylinder

plT  pbends3,4  pBT  plB  pbends1,2

Resolve the pressure in the piston side chamber of the cylinder by using the force
equilibrium equation of the cylinder

To this value add the remaining pressure losses between the piston side chamber and
pump output port (pipe bendings, valve, pipes)

plA  pbends5,6  pPA  plP

The pressure at the pump outlet port p p is resolved!
Additional information 2:

Sometimes flow loss curves are not given, but only a flow rate value with a given
pressure loss. In such cases, the losses with any other given flow rate can be estimated
as in the following example.

EXAMPLE ASSIGNMENT

Let’s assume that pressure loss-curves are not available. The pressure loss (PB) with
flow of qV = 40 l/min is known to be p = 4 bar. Calculate the pressure loss, when the
flow is qV = 30 l/min and the opening of the valve (and therefore the flow cross section
area) remains constant.

SOLUTION

Flow through a turbulent choke (as in the case of a flow control valve) is

2  p
qV  Cq  A 

where

C q  flow coefficient ( depends on flow velocity and of the geometry of the

choke orifice)
A  d h
h  opening of the slide
d  diameter of the slide
p  pressure difference over a control edge
  density of the fluid

Using previous

2  p1
C q  A1 
qV 1  p1
  when A1  A2 ja   constant
qV 2 2  p 2 p 2
C q  A2 

2 2
q   30 l min 
 p 2  p1   V 2   4 bar     2.25 bar
 qV 1   40 l min 

This derived equation can be found in the equation collection-document.

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