■ Essential Question:
–What led to the Cold War between
the United States & Soviet Union?
■ CPUSH Agenda for Unit 12.1:
–Clicker preview questions
–“Causes of the Cold War” notes
–Today’s HW: 26.1
–County Interim: Wed, March 7
–CPUSH Midterm: Thurs, March 8
The end of WWII in 1945, marked a turning point in
U.S. history by taking an active role in world affairs
The USA became For the first time, the USA joined
a leader in the an international organization to
United Nations intervene in world affairs
& World Bank
Member Nations
U.N. Peacekeeping Interventions, 1945-2009
United Nations
Headquarters is
Executive
in New York City
Council
General Assembly
The U.S. occupied & helped rebuild Japan after WWII
The U.S. helped found Israel as a Jewish nation in the
Middle East
Themost
The United States
important From 1945 to 1991,
& SovietinUnion
change were
U.S. foreign
What
the were
United the&
States
superpowers
policy after & rivals
WWII majorUnion
Soviet ideologies
entered of
an
whothe
was dominated
beginning era of distrust & hostility
ofworld politics
the Cold War
the USA
known & Cold
as the USSR?War
Examining Cold War Ideologies
■ The Cold War was a conflict of ideology
between the USA & Soviet Union
–Step 1: Match each of the 8 cards with
their appropriate definition
–Step 2: Sort the cards by determining
which 4 describe the USA & which
4 cards describe the USSR
–Step 3: Match each of the 8 images with
the correct definition
Capitalism Socialism
• Private ownership of industry, • Gov’t owns industries and
freedom of competition, gov’t farms; The goal of the gov’t is
keeps hands off (laissez-faire) to bring equality to people
• Leads to different economic • The goal is to have a classless
classes (rich and poor) society with no rich or poor
Democracy Totalitarianism
• Government of the people • Government led by a dictator
• People elect their leaders • Total control over many
aspects of peoples’ lives
Freedom Equality
• Valuing freedoms of speech, • Valuing basic needs (food,
press, and business homes, education, jobs)
for all people
Individualism Collectivism
• Emphasizes the need for • Emphasizes the need for
people to do things on their people to work together to
own benefit everyone
• Competition is a good thing; • Everyone works the same
The best individuals have amount and every gains the
more power, status, money same benefits
The
OneUnited
of theStates
most ThisDuring
was anthe
eraCold
of competing
War,
&important
Soviet Union
changes
were the
ideologies:
United States
the USA
&
superpowers
after World&War rivals
II Soviet
promoted
Union
democracy
entered an&
was
whothedominated
beginning capitalism
era of distrust
while
& the
hostility
USSR
of
world
the Cold
politics
War triedfrom
to spread
1945 to
communism
1991
The different ideologies between USA & USSR and
their desires to spread these ideas led to an era of
distrust, hostility, proxy battles, & near nuclear war
Causes of the
Cold War
The
In
During
the
After
Vladimir USA 1920s,
WWII,
sentled
Lenin’s
Lenin
troops
Americans
death
the the
toinUSA
fight
feared
1924,
Bolsheviks &the
in
the
“Red
USSRspread
Joseph
the Army”
worked
Stalin
Russian of
during
Communism
together
became thedictator
Revolution Russian
to
in
ofduring
Civil
defeat
the
1917 War
USSRthe
the&
“Red
Axis Powers,
startedScare”
his
but...
Five Year Plans
■ Essential Question:
–What led to the Cold War between
the United States & Soviet Union?
■ CPUSH Agenda for Unit 12.2:
–Clicker questions
–“Causes of the Cold War” notes
–Today’s HW: 26.1
–County Interim: Wed, March 7
–CPUSH Midterm: Thurs, March 8
…World War II increased Stalin never trusted
tensions between the the Britain or the USA
USA and USSR during World War II
The Manhattan Project gave the USA a
monopoly on nuclear weapon technology
At the Yalta Conference, But, Stalin wanted a
Stalin agreed to allow “buffer zone” between
self-determination in the USSR & the democratic
Eastern Europe nations in Western Europe
Stalin used his military
to install communist
gov’ts in Eastern
European nations
As
Inathe
result,
yearsEastern
after World
European
War nations
II, the USA began
turned to
communist
view Stalin&as
became
a new Soviet
Hitler—asatellites:
dangerous
nations
dictator
that were
who wanted
influenced
to take
by the
overUSSR
the world
By 1946, Europe was divided by an “iron curtain”
that separated democratic/capitalist Western
Europe from communist/totalitarian Eastern Europe
Communism &
Totalitarianism
Capitalism &
Democracy
The U.S. created a foreign policy called Containment
to stop Soviet influence & the spread of communism
When
“A the USSR
long-term, began
patient buttofirm,
pressure Greece
& vigilant & Turkey
containment
to turn
of Russian communist,
expansionist the U.S. created
policies…will the force
eventually
TrumantheDoctrine, promising
USSR to live in peaceeconomic & military
with the West”
help to any nation threatened
—Secretary by communism
of State, George Marshall
The Truman Doctrine
worked & neither
Greece nor Turkey
fell to communism
European nations had difficulty recovering after
WWII which led to fears of communism in Europe
The U.S. created the
Marshall Plan which
offered $13 billion to help
rebuild post-war Europe
By 1952, Western Europe
recovered & Communism
never took root
Marshall
Plan to
Aid
Europe
1948-1952
In 1948, the USSR used military force to turn
Czechoslovakia to communism; This led to fears that
Stalin would use similar tactics in Western Europe
In 1949, the United
States formed the
North Atlantic
Treaty Organization
(NATO): a military
alliance among
democratic
countries in Europe
& North America
NATO was one of many alliances the USA
would form with democratic nations
over the course of the Cold War
NATO Communist Bloc
In 1947, the U.S. government created 3 new agencies
to better meet the challenges of the Cold War
The Department of Defense was reorganized to
created an independent Air Force (which was
preferred military agency of the Cold War because
airplanes could drop nuclear bombs if needed)
In 1947, the U.S. government created 3 new agencies
to better meet the challenges of the Cold War
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was created
to spy on foreign nations, collect national security
information, and carry out covert operations
The ColdThe
WarCIAescalated
overthrewasthe
thegovernments of
threat of communism
Iran
spread & the
into Guatemala
Middle and
East,intervened in Egypt,
Africa, & Latin America
Bolivia, Chile, & Cuba to stop communism
In 1947, the U.S. government created 3 new agencies
to better meet the challenges of the Cold War
The National Security Council (NSC) was created
to advise and assist the president on
national security and foreign policy matters
At the end of
WWII, Germany
was divided into
zones occupied
by the USA,
Britain, France,
& the USSR
Berlin, the
German capital,
was also divided
but was located
in the Soviet zone
In 1948, Stalin tried to turn
all of Berlin communist &
ordered the Berlin Blockade
which shut down all ground
transportation to West Berlin
In response, the U.S. began the Berlin Airlift
For 11 months, U.S.
& British planes
supplies landed in
Berlin to bring food,
fuel, & supplies
Stalin admitted
defeat & lifted the
blockade in 1949
The United States
successfully kept
West Berlin from
turning communist
From 1945 to 1949, But, in 1949 Communist
the United States forces led by Mao Zedong
successfully contained took control of China and
communism in Europe the Cold War spread to Asia
The fall of China was a shock to the USA & President
Harry Truman took the blame for “losing China”
The Chinese Civil War (1930-1949)
■ Essential Question:
–What led to the Cold War between
the United States & Soviet Union?
■ CPUSH Agenda for Unit 12.3:
–Clicker questions
–“Eisenhower, McCarthyism, & the
Cold War” notes
–Today’s HW: 26.2
–County Interim: Wed, March 7
–CPUSH Midterm: Thurs, March 8
The U.S. response to
the fall of China was
to more aggressively
confront communism
the world
The USA was afraid of
a “domino theory” in
which communist
nations turn their
neighbors communist
As a result, the USA
vowed to contain the
spread of communism
anywhere in the world
The USA acted when communism threatened Korea
In 1950, North Korea
(using Soviet supplied
weapons) crossed the 38°
& attacked South Korea
When South Korea
appealed to the United
Nations, the USA sent
troops to Korea to
But, whencommunism
contain the USA pushed
too close to China, the After WWII, Korea
Chinese Army entered the was divided along the
war & helped North Korea 38° with a communist
gov’t in North Korea
& a democracy in
South Korea
The USA successfully
stopped communism
from spreading into
South Korea & showed
that it was willing to fight
to contain communism
After 3 years of fighting, a ceasefire was agreed to in
1953, the fighting stopped, & the 38° was restored as
the boundary between North & South Koreas
The USA stopped the spread of Communism into
South Korea, but in 1954, Communist Ho Chi Minh
began a war to gain independence for Vietnam
From 1945 to 1949, But over the next 40 years,
the United States the Cold War intensified as
successfully contained communism spread to Asia,
communism in Europe Africa, and Latin America
The Cold War intensified as new nuclear weapons
were introduced; espionage (spying) increased;
& wars broke out in Korea, Vietnam, & Afghanistan
Closure Activity: Mapping the Cold War
