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3CROT - : Three-Chapter Research Operational Template Working Title: Keywords

This three-chapter research operational template provides guidelines for structuring a research study. Chapter 1 includes an overview of the topic, importance of the topic, current issues, and focus area. Chapter 2 consists of the literature review on the topic, relevant theories, and previous studies. Chapter 3 describes the research methodology, including the research design, population and sampling, instrumentation for data collection, and data analysis plan. The template is intended to help researchers organize the key elements of a study in a clear, systematic manner from introduction through methodology.

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384 views3 pages

3CROT - : Three-Chapter Research Operational Template Working Title: Keywords

This three-chapter research operational template provides guidelines for structuring a research study. Chapter 1 includes an overview of the topic, importance of the topic, current issues, and focus area. Chapter 2 consists of the literature review on the topic, relevant theories, and previous studies. Chapter 3 describes the research methodology, including the research design, population and sampling, instrumentation for data collection, and data analysis plan. The template is intended to help researchers organize the key elements of a study in a clear, systematic manner from introduction through methodology.

Uploaded by

Sayuthi Shaaran
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THREE-CHAPTER RESEARCH OPERATIONAL TEMPLATE

- 3CROT -
WORKING TITLE:

KEYWORDS:
Othman Talib
1 . OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY (TIPA) (CHAPTER 1)
Eg. STEM Education
• Briefly describe the topic you are studying (STEM Education)
• Explain why this topic is important (Future career, future workers, adapted with IR4.0)
• State what are the current issues / problem related to the topic (STEM pedagogical strategies)
• Describe the focus area you are paying attention in the title of your study (Integration of PjBL at elementary school)

Eg. Business Eg. Education


• Topic: Marketing • Topic: Special Education
• Important: Online marketing • Important: Autism / Dyslexic learners are talented
• Problem: Social media marketing • Problem: Ignorance by society
• Area: Customer loyalty • Area: Self-efficacy among autism / dyslexic

2. PROBLEM STATEMENT (4I)

• IDEAL:
A recent trend in the design of new aircraft is the addition of winglets, which are small fins attached to the ends of
the main wing. After an aircraft has taken off and is cruising, winglets improve its performance by reducing the
drag caused by the main wing
• ISSUE / PROBLEM:
However, during the critical stages of aircraft takeoff and landing, the winglets cause vibrations in the main wing,
commonly called buffeting (citation).
• IMPLICATION:
The aircraft to lose some control of yaw, the motion of the nose right and left (citation).
• INTENTION:
In this study, we develop theoretical models of winglet load lifts and determine the degree to which differences
between load lifts on the wings and their winglets during takeoff and landing are causing the performance problems
we have described.

Source: Winglets at Takeoffs and Landings (www.mit.edu/course21)


3. THEORETICAL / CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The theoretical framework
explains the influential theory
that support the study. Eg.
CTML presents the idea that the
brain selects words, pictures,
sound and organized them to
produce verbal model and visual
model.

Theretical Framework: Multimedia learning theory (Mayer, 2006)

A conceptual framework
illustrates the integration of
these models after embedding
the 4C multimedia elements and
their effect on students’
performance on HOT and LOT
questions

Conceptual Framework: The effect of 4C elements

4. OBJECTIVE and RESEARCH QUESTION / HYPOTHESES


Objective: Use action verb such as identify; determine; develop; integrate; measure; design; examine; explain;
explore; investigate etc.
Eg: The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of computer-based instruction (CAI) compared to
conventional instruction (CI) in improving students’ achievement in electrochemistry test scores.
RQ / Hypothesis: Use the operational definition (eg: achievement = score on X test).
Ho1: There is no significant difference between the post-test mean scores in electrochemistry test of students in the
CAI and CI groups. (Quantitative)
RQ1: What were the students’ opinions towards CAI and CI respectively? (Qualitative)
Quantitative.
• RQ: What is the relationship amongst career prospects, salary and benefits on job satisfaction between A and B
groups ?
• RQ: What are the most important factors that influence the career choices of Malaysian university students?
• What are the differences in perceptions towards social media between school and university students?

Qualitative:
What happened and the meaning of what happened. Avoid ‘Why’ that implies cause, impact, effect
• What are the experts’ opinions on the hands-on activities that should be incorporated into the development of ABC
instructional module ?
• How does flipped clasroom enhance the understanding of managing information of Form 4 science students ?
• Which elements of the flipped classroom contribute to the positive outcome ?

Hypotheses:
• There is no significant difference in the mean scores of X concepts before and after ABC intervention.
• There is no significant difference in the mean scores of X test after the intervention between A and B groups.
5. LITERATURE REVIEW (Topic, Theory, Previous Studies) (CHAPTER 2)
TITLE 1: TITLE 2: TITLE 3:
PROJECT-BASED LEARNING FOR DEVELOPMENT OF A STEM-CT MODEL FOR CONSTRUCTIVIST-ANIMATED
STEM INTEGRATION AT REAL WORLD PROBLEM SOLVING IN FORCES INSTRUCTION AND CONCEPTUAL
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LEVEL & MOTION TOPIC CHANGE IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY

1. INTRODUCTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1. INTRODUCTION


Topic Topic Topic
2. STEM EDUCATION 2. STEM EDUCATION 2. CHEMISTRY EDUCATION
- STEM in Education - STEM in Malaysia - Electrochemistry concepts
- STEM Education In Malaysia - Teaching strategy in STEM subject 3. CONSTRUCTIVISM AND ANIMATION
- Teaching strategy in STEM - 21st century skills - cognitive constructivism
- 21st century skills + IR4.0 - Real World Problem Solving - social constructivism
3. STEM INTEGRATION - Forces and Motion - why animation ?
Theory 3 COMPUTATIONAL THINKING Theory
4. TEORY RELATED TO STEM - Abstraction + Decomposition 5. CONCEPTUAL CHANGE THEORIES
INTEGRATION Theory - Posner’s conceptual change model
- Project-based learning and PBL 4. THEORY RELATED CT Previous Studies
- Self-determination theory - Project-based learning 6. PREVIOUS STUDIES
Previous Studies - Design thinking - problem
5. PREVIOUS STUDIES Previous Studies - method
- problem 5. PREVIOUS STUDIES - main findings
- method - problem 6. CONCLUSION
- main findings - method
6. CONCLUSION - main findings
6. CONCLUSION

6. METHODOLOGY (RPID) (CHAPTER 3)


1. Research Design
• Approach: Quantitatve or Qualitative or Mixed-Methods
• Design or Method: Eg. Quasi Exp. Design; Case Study; Correlation Study; Survey; Phenomenology etc
• Procedure (Technique): How do you conduct quasi experiment or case study ? Use flow chart if possible.
Why X is the suitable approach to answer your research questions?
Eg. STEM integration is multifaceted, therefore mixed-methods approach is used to provide comprehensive
understanding through interview and experimental design in order to answer the research questions.
Eg. This study utilizes an experimental research design to determine cause and effect relationship. Several step of
precudures have been taken in order to control the extraneous variables…..
2. Population and Sampling
The sample consists of 90 Year Five students, selected randomly ….
3. Instrumentation
• Validation and Reliability
The survey consists of 30 item using 10-point scale, distributes to 350 STEM teachers in Selangor primary schools. The
items are validated by experts …
4. Data Analysis
Quantitative - T-test, ANOVA, CB-SEM, SEM-PLS
Qualitative:
• Content analysis (objectivity): Eg. Newspaper is used to find out the frequency of fatal accidents occurred in a city in
a certain time period
• Thematic analysis: Explore emerging themes from the codes on how the accidents occurred.
• Discourse analysis: A study of communication and meaning in social context

7. REFERENCES

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