C

AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE MANUAL

TOWING AND TAXIING
LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

Chapter Chapter
Section Section
Subject Config Page Date Subject Config Page Date
09 − Effective 1 * Dec 10/2005
Pages

09 − Contents 1 Dec 15/2004

2 Dec 15/2004

09−00−00 1 Apr 20/2004

2 Apr 20/2004

09−10−00 1 Apr 20/2004

2 Apr 20/2004
3 Apr 20/2004
4 Apr 20/2004

09−10−00 201 Dec 15/2004

202 Mar 15/2005
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204 Dec 15/2004
205 Jun 22/2004
206 Jun 22/2004
207 Jun 22/2004
208 Mar 15/2005
209 Jun 22/2004
210 Dec 15/2004
211 Jun 22/2004
212 Mar 15/2005
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217 Mar 15/2005
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220 Dec 15/2004
221 Aug 10/2005
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09−20−00 201 Apr 20/2004

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204 Apr 20/2004
205 Apr 20/2004

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TOWING AND TAXIING
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter
Section
Subject Subject Page

TOWING AND TAXIING 09−00−00

Description and Operation 1
Effectivity: ON A/C ALL
General
Description
Towing
Taxiing
Operation
Towing
Push Back
Taxiing

TOWING 09−10−00
Description and Operation 1
Effectivity: ON A/C ALL
General
Component Details
Tow Bar
Passenger−Door Support Cable
Operation
Towing Crew
Towing Equipment
Aircraft Towing Radius 2
Maintenance Practices 201
Effectivity: ON A/C ALL
General
Towing of the Aircraft with Torque Links 202
Disconnected
Push Back Procedure with Torque Links 208
Disconnected

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Chapter
Section
Subject Subject Page

Push Back Procedure with Torque Links 212

Connected
Movement of the Aircraft with a Towbarless 217
Vehicle

TAXIING 09−20−00
Maintenance Practices 201
Effectivity: ON A/C ALL
General
Taxiing of the Aircraft

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**ON A/C ALL
TOWING AND TAXIING − DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

1. General
A. This chapter contains descriptions and procedures to tow the aircraft and to do taxiing
operations with engine power.
2. Description
Refer to Figure 1.
A. Towing
(1) The aircraft can be towed or pushed with a towing tractor when it is impractical to
move the aircraft with its own power. The aircraft is towed with a tow bar that
attaches to the axle of the nose landing gear. A minimum of two persons is
necessary for towing operations. Five persons are necessary for towing operations
in confined areas.
B. Taxiing
(1) Taxiing operations are done with an operator in the pilot’s seat. The operator moves
the aircraft with the combined use of the engine power, the brakes and the nose
wheel steering.
3. Operation
A. Towing
(1) The aircraft is pushed or towed with the tow bar connected to the axle of the nose
landing gear and to the towing tractor. The nose−wheel steering system must be off
and the steering torque arms disconnected when the aircraft is towed or pushed to
permit the nose wheel to turn freely. With the steering torque arms disconnected,
the nose wheel can be turned 360 degrees.
B. Push Back
(1) The aircraft can be pushed back with the steering torque arms connected or with
the steering torque arms disconnected. The tow bar is connected to the axle of the
nose landing gear and to the towing tractor. The nose wheel steering system must
be off. The angle of the nose wheel must not be more than 70 degrees with the
steering torque arms connected.
C. Taxiing
(1) For taxiing operations, the use of engine thrust is necessary. Control of the aircraft
is with the brakes and the nose wheel steering. With the nose−wheel steering
system on, the nose−wheel steering range is 70 degrees left or right.
(2) The aircraft can be controlled with the nose−wheel steering system off by the use of
differential thrust and brakes. With the nose−wheel steering system off, the nose
wheel can turn freely 70 degrees left and right during a taxiing operation.

Master
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A
B

TOW BAR

TORQUE ARM
QUICK DISCONNECT

NOSE WHEEL
AXLE ATTACHMENT
POINTS

ram0900000_001.dc, JP,PB, 10/06/91

B NOSE WHEEL

Towing of the Aircraft

Figure 1

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AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE MANUAL
**ON A/C ALL
TOWING − DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

1. General
A. This section contains descriptions and procedures to tow the aircraft with a tractor and
tow bar. The aircraft is towed with the nose−wheel steering system off and the
nose−gear torque links disconnected.
2. Component Details
Refer to Figure 1.
A. Tow Bar
(1) The aircraft can be towed with the standard tow bar or with the collapsible tow bar
installed in the aft equipment compartment. The collapsible tow bar is a telescopic
type that is extended and locked with a pin to prepare the tow bar for use. Both tow
bars attach to the nose wheel with a forked towing head that engages with the
holes in the ends of the nose wheel axle.
(2) A shearpin and shear bolt in the tow bar give the aircraft protection from too much
towing force. The shearpin will break if the push or pull force is more than 10,850
pounds (4922 kg). The shear bolt will break if the turning force is more than 40,000
pound−inches (4519 N·m).
B. Passenger−Door Support Cable
(1) The passenger−door support cable must be used if the aircraft is towed with the
passenger door open. The cable holds the weight of the door while the aircraft
moves along rough surfaces.
3. Operation
Refer to Figure 2.
A. Towing Crew
(1) The minimum towing crew has two persons. One person operates the towing
vehicle and one person operates the aircraft brakes in the flight compartment. The
aircraft brakes are to be used only in an emergency.
(2) When the aircraft is towed in a confined area, two additional persons must be at the
wingtips. They make sure that sufficient distance is given to prevent contact with
objects or aircraft. When the aircraft is pushed rearward, a person must be at the
tail to make sure that the aircraft tail does not hit other objects or aircraft.
B. Towing Equipment
(1) The equipment necessary for a towing operation is as follows:
± Towing tractor
± Main wheel chocks
± Tow bar − standard or collapsible
± Two headsets with extension cord
± Passenger−door support cable.

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C. Aircraft Towing Radius
(1) The towing radii are given based on towing operations with the nose wheel turned
90 degrees from the center to get the smallest possible turning circle.

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COLLAPSIBLE
TOW BAR

CONNECTING
PIN

TOWING
HEAD
PIN TOWING
EYE
RADIAL
SHEAR
PIN
TOWING
HEAD A
TOWING
EYE

COLLAPSIBLE TOW BAR

TOWING
HEAD
RADIAL PIN
SHEAR
PIN

TOWING
HEAD ram0910000_001.dc, JP,PB, 10/06/91

STANDARD TOW BAR

Tow Bars
Figure 1

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36.64 FT.

44.60 FT.

37.57 FT.
90

5.21 FT.

44.41 FT.

THEORETICAL NOTE
TURNING POINT Dimensions approximate
WITH NOSE WHEEL
AT 90

ram0910000_002.dc, KS, 26/06/91

Aircraft Towing Radius

Figure 2

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AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE MANUAL
**ON A/C ALL
TOWING − MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

1. General
A. The maintenance procedures that follow are for the movement of aircraft on the ground
by maintenance persons with a towing vehicle.
B. TASK 09−10−00−584−801 gives the procedure for towing an aircraft with the steering
torque links disconnected. This is used to tow or push the aircraft to a different location
with a towing vehicle.
C. TASK 09−10−00−584−802 gives the procedure for the push back of an aircraft with the
steering torque links disconnected. This is used to move the aircraft away from the
terminal gate before a flight, with the flight crew members on board.
D. TASK 09−10−00−584−804 and gives the procedure for the push back of an aircraft with
the steering torque links connected. This is used to move the aircraft away from the
terminal gate before a flight, with the flight crew members on the aircraft. This procedure
is also used to move the aircraft back with the ground towing crew only. The procedure
for the ground towing crew is given. When the flight crew is on the aircraft, the steps of
the procedure that are done in the flight compartment can be ignored.
E. TASK 09−10−00−584−805 gives the procedure for the movement of an aircraft with a
towbarless vehicle. Towbarless towing is permitted for push back and maintenance
towing. It is not permitted for dispatch towing.
F. Turn angle limits must not be more than 70 degrees right and left from the center.
Markings that you can see in all lighting conditions must be attached to the nose gear
strut at +/− 70 degrees from the center line. The towing operator must be able to clearly
see at all times when he approaches the nose gear turn limits.
G. It is preferable to keep the torque links connected during push back maneuvers. If you
do disconnect the torque links where steering angles above +/− 70 degrees are
necessary, refer to the push back procedure with torque links disconnected (TASK
09−10−00−584−802).
H. If one or more engines or the horizontal stabilizer are removed, the center of gravity (C
of G) of the aircraft will move forward. In this configuration, you can tow the aircraft
without special precautions. If equipment is removed from the forward fuselage, it is
possible that the aircraft C of G will move too far aft to tow the aircraft. The C of G must
not be aft of FS540.50 for safe movement of the aircraft. The tail of the aircraft can tilt
down to the ground in the worst condition. If necessary, refer to the Weight and Balance
Manual, section 01−80−10, to calculate the position of the aircraft C of G.
I. For more safety when the aircraft C of G is near the aft limit, you can install a ballast
assembly at the nose jacking point (Ref. TASK 07−11−01−582−801).

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TASK 09−10−00−584−801
Towing of the Aircraft with Torque Links Disconnected

1. Job Set−Up Information

Subtask 09−10−00−943−001
A. Tools and Equipment
REFERENCE DESIGNATION
HTAG50SDWFN Towing mule (DBP 5000 lb)
01−1229−0011 Towbar
01−1215−0000 Towbar − collapsible, air transportable
01−0571−0011 Attachment head − transportable towbar
H10−60C Headset − ground crew
40353G01 Cord − headset extension
G601R101004−1 Cable kit − drop−down door

Subtask 09−10−00−946−001
B. Reference Information
REFERENCE DESIGNATION
TASK 10−11−00−400−801 Installation of the Nose Landing Gear Lockpin
TASK 10−11−00−000−801 Removal of the Nose Landing Gear Lockpin
TASK 10−11−00−400−802 Installation of the Main Landing Gear Lockpin
TASK 10−11−00−000−802 Removal of the Main Landing Gear Lockpin
TASK 10−11−00−400−803 Installation of the ADG Ground Safety Pin
TASK 10−11−00−000−803 Removal of the ADG Ground Safety Pin
TASK 12−00−06−863−801 Pressurize Hydraulic Systems No. 1 and No. 2
TASK 12−00−06−863−803 Pressurize Hydraulic System No. 3
TASK 12−12−32−220−801 Extension Check and Adjustment (with Nitrogen)
of the MLG Shock Strut
TASK 12−12−32−220−802 Extension Check and Adjustment (with Nitrogen)
of the NLG Shock Strut
TASK 12−12−32−610−806 Servicing of the Tires
TASK 24−00−00−910−801 Electrical/Electronic Safety Precautions
TASK 24−22−00−861−801 Energize External AC System in the External
Service Configuration
TASK 29−00−00−910−801 Hydraulic Safety Precautions
TASK 24−41−00−861−802 Energize External AC System in the Ground
Service
TASK 32−45−00−910−801 Set the Parking Brake
TASK 32−45−00−910−802 Release the Parking Brake

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2. Job Set−Up
Subtask 09−10−00−910−001
A. Obey all the related safety precautions during the towing procedure and complete the
following before moving the aircraft:
WARNING: OBEY ALL THE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN YOU DO
MAINTENANCE ON OR NEAR ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC
EQUIPMENT. IF YOU DO NOT DO THIS, YOU CAN CAUSE INJURIES
TO PERSONS AND DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT.
(1) Obey all the electrical/electronic safety precautions (Ref.
TASK 24−00−00−910−801).
WARNING: OBEY ALL THE HYDRAULIC SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN YOU DO
WORK ON THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM AND/OR A HYDRAULIC
SYSTEM COMPONENT. IF YOU DO NOT DO THIS, YOU CAN CAUSE
INJURIES TO PERSONS AND/OR DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT.
(2) Obey all the hydraulic safety precautions (Ref. TASK 29−00−00−910−801).
(3) Make sure that the tires are correctly inflated (Ref. TASK 12−12−32−610−806).
(4) Make sure that the shock struts of the main and nose landing gear are set to the
correct pressure (Ref. TASK 12−12−32−220−801 and TASK 12−12−32−220−802).
(5) Make sure that all the landing gear lockpins are installed (Ref.
TASK 10−11−00−400−801 and TASK 10−11−00−400−802).
(6) Make sure that the air driven generator lockpin is installed (Ref.
TASK 10−11−00−400−803).
(7) Make sure that the nose wheel steering system is off.
(8) Make sure that the landing gear selector−handle is in the DOWN position.
(9) Make sure that all ground equipment is removed from areas adjacent to the aircraft.
(10) Make sure that all external services are disconnected from the aircraft.
(11) Make sure that the grounding wire is disconnected from the aircraft.
(12) Close the passenger door.
(13) When the aircraft is towed, make sure that sufficient trained personnel and
serviceable equipment are employed to move the aircraft safely.
NOTE: A typical towing crew, for aircraft towing in open areas, has the following
personnel: A towing supervisor to supervise the towing operation. A
person to operate the towing vehicle. And, a person to operate the aircraft
brakes and navigation lights from the flight compartment.
NOTE: When the aircraft is towed in confined areas, additional personnel are
necessary to monitor each wing tip and the tail for sufficient clearance.
NOTE: Typically the towing supervisor is in control of the towing operation, and
can communicate at all times with other members of the towing ground
crew. Light wands can be used to give signals in low visibility.

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3. Procedure
Subtask 09−10−00−584−001
Refer to Figure 201.
CAUTION: OBEY THE PRECAUTIONS THAT FOLLOW WHEN YOU TOW THE
AIRCRAFT:
± MAKE SURE THAT THE TORQUE LINKS OF THE NOSE LANDING
GEAR ARE DISCONNECTED
± DO NOT TOW AT MORE THAN 15 MPH (24 KM/H)
± DO NOT TOW REARWARD AT MORE THAN 3 MPH (5 KM/H)
± KEEP TURNS AS LARGE AS POSSIBLE
± MAKE ALL CHANGES TO TOWING SPEED OR DIRECTION SLOWLY
± USE THE AIRCRAFT BRAKES TO STOP THE AIRCRAFT ONLY WHEN
THERE IS A RISK OF COLLISION OR DAMAGE TO THE AIRCRAFT.
IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THESE PRECAUTIONS, DAMAGE TO THE
AIRCRAFT OR EQUIPMENT CAN OCCUR.
A. To tow the aircraft, do the procedure that follows:
(1) When necessary, connect a headset to the service interphone.
(2) Set the BATTERY MASTER switch to ON.
(3) Make sure that there is a minimum hydraulic brake pressure of 1500 psi
(10342 kPa) by using one of the following procedures:
(a) Read the hydraulic system synoptic page.
1 Supply AC electrical power to the aircraft, from a ground power unit (Ref.
TASK 24−41−00−861−802) or the auxiliary power unit (Ref.
TASK 24−22−00−861−801).
2 Set the engine indication and crew alerting system (EICAS) to the hydraulic
system synoptic page.
3 Read the hydraulic system synoptic page.
(b) Read the brake system pressure gauges.
1 Open the forward equipment compartment access door (211L), to gain
access to the brake system accumulators.
2 Read the brake system accumulator pressure gauges.
(4) When the hydraulic pressure is less than 1500 psi (10342 kPa), pressurize
hydraulic systems No. 2 and No. 3 (Ref. TASK 12−00−06−863−801 and
TASK 12−00−06−863−803, respectively). Do this until you have a minimum of
1500 psi (10342 kPa) in the system.
(5) Remove the AC electrical power from the aircraft (Ref. TASK 24−41−00−861−804
or TASK 24−22−00−861−803), when applicable.
(6) Set the BATTERY MASTER switch to ON, when turned off in step (6).
(7) Apply the parking brake (Ref. TASK 32−45−00−910−801). Tell the towing
supervisor that the parking brake is on.
(8) Install the towbar (1) on the nose landing gear. Engage the axle engagement
pins (2) on the towing head with the holes in the ends of the nose landing gear axle.

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(9) Pull out, at the same time, the two quick−disconnect handles (3) to disconnect the
upper torque link (4) from the lower torque link (5).
(10) Connect the towbar (1) to the towing mule.
(11) Remove all the wheel chocks. Tell the brake operator that the wheel chocks are
removed.
(12) Set the NAV lights switch to ON.
(13) Release the parking brake (Ref. TASK 32−45−00−910−802). Tell the towing
supervisor that the brakes are off.
(14) Tow the aircraft forward at a speed of not more than 15 mph (24 km/h), or push
back the aircraft at a speed of not more than 3 mph (5 km/h). Control the towing
speed with only the towing mule.
NOTE: Do not stop the aircraft in a turn if it is not necessary.
(15) If the aircraft is turned before it is parked, move it forward or rearward in a straight
line for a short distance. This is to remove twisting forces from the landing gear
before you stop the aircraft.
(16) When the aircraft is in the correct position, stop the aircraft with the towing mule.
Tell the brake operator to apply the parking brake.
(17) Apply the parking brake (Ref. TASK 32−45−00−910−801). Tell the towing
supervisor that the parking brake is on.
(18) Install the wheel chocks.
(19) Set the NAV lights switch to OFF.
(20) Set the BATTERY MASTER switch to OFF.
(21) Disconnect the towbar (1) from the towing mule.
(22) Move the towbar (1) by hand to align the upper and lower torque links. This is done
when the nose landing gear is aligned with the aircraft center line.
(23) Connect the torque links as follows:
(a) Pull fully out and hold the two quick−disconnect handles (3).
(b) Align the pivot of the upper torque link (4) with the pivot of the lower torque link
(5).
(c) Release the quick−disconnect handles (3). Make sure that the two
quick−disconnect pins engage fully with the pivot of the lower torque link (5).
(24) Disconnect the towbar (1) from the nose landing gear.
(25) Connect the towbar (1) to the towing mule.
(26) When applicable, remove all landing gear lockpins (Ref. TASK 10−11−00−000−801
and TASK 10−11−00−000−802).
NOTE: There are situations when the landing gear lockpins are not removed. For
example, when the aircraft has been moved into a hangar, is parked, or
an engine is to be ground tested.
(27) When applicable, remove the air driven generator lockpin (Ref.
TASK 10−11−00−000−803).
NOTE: There are situations when the air driven generator lockpin is not removed.
For example, when the aircraft has been moved into a hangar, is parked,
or an engine is to be ground tested.

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(28) When applicable, disconnect the headset from the service interphone.

Subtask 09−10−00−941−001
B. Remove all tools, equipment, and unwanted materials from the work area.

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LEGEND.
1. Towbar.
2. Axle engagement pin. 4
3. Quick − disconnect handle. 3
4. Upper torque link.
5. Lower torque link.

1
ram0910002_001.dc, RF, 14/2/92

Towing − Maintenance Practices

Figure 201

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TASK 09−10−00−584−802
Push Back Procedure with Torque Links Disconnected

1. Job Set−Up Information

Subtask 09−10−00−943−002
A. Tools and Equipment
REFERENCE DESIGNATION
HTAG50SDWFN Towing mule (DBP 5000 lb)
01−1229−0011 Towbar
01−1215−0000 Towbar − collapsible, air transportable
01−0571−0011 Attachment head − transportable towbar
H10−60C Headset − ground crew
40353G01 Cord − headset extension

Subtask 09−10−00−946−002
B. Reference Information
REFERENCE DESIGNATION
TASK 12−00−06−863−801 Pressurize Hydraulic Systems No. 1 and No. 2
TASK 12−00−06−863−803 Pressurize Hydraulic System No. 3
TASK 12−12−32−220−801 Extension Check and Adjustment (with Nitrogen)
of the MLG Shock Strut
TASK 12−12−32−220−802 Extension Check and Adjustment (with Nitrogen)
of the NLG Shock Strut
TASK 12−12−32−610−806 Servicing of the Tires
TASK 24−00−00−910−801 Electrical/Electronic Safety Precautions
TASK 24−22−00−861−801 Energize External AC System in the External
Service Configuration
TASK 24−41−00−861−802 Energize External AC System in the Ground
Service
TASK 29−00−00−910−801 Hydraulic Safety Precautions
TASK 32−45−00−910−801 Set the Parking Brake
TASK 32−45−00−910−802 Release the Parking Brake

2. Job Set−Up
Subtask 09−10−00−910−002
A. Obey all the related safety precautions during the push back procedure and complete
the following before moving the aircraft:

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WARNING: OBEY ALL THE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN YOU DO
MAINTENANCE ON OR NEAR ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC
EQUIPMENT. IF YOU DO NOT DO THIS, YOU CAN CAUSE INJURIES
TO PERSONS AND DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT.
(1) Obey all the electrical/electronic safety precautions (Ref.
TASK 24−00−00−910−801).
WARNING: OBEY ALL THE HYDRAULIC SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN YOU DO
WORK ON THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM AND/OR A HYDRAULIC
SYSTEM COMPONENT. IF YOU DO NOT DO THIS, YOU CAN CAUSE
INJURIES TO PERSONS AND/OR DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT.
(2) Obey all the hydraulic safety precautions (Ref. TASK 29−00−00−910−801).
(3) Make sure that the tires are correctly inflated (Ref. TASK 12−12−32−610−806).
(4) Make sure that the shock struts of the main and nose landing gear are correctly
pressurized (Ref. TASK 12−12−32−220−801 and TASK 12−12−32−220−802).
(5) Make sure that the nose wheel steering system is off.
(6) Make sure that the landing gear selector−handle is in the DOWN position.
(7) Make sure that all ground equipment is removed from areas adjacent to the aircraft.
(8) Make sure that all external services are disconnected from the aircraft.
(9) Make sure that the grounding wire is disconnected from the aircraft.
(10) Make sure that all external doors and panels are closed and installed correctly.
(11) When the aircraft is pushed back, make sure that sufficient trained personnel and
serviceable equipment are employed to move the aircraft safely.
NOTE: A typical towing crew, for aircraft push back in open areas, has the
following personnel: A towing supervisor to coordinate the towing
operation. A person to operate the towing vehicle. And, a flight crew
member to operate the aircraft brakes and navigation lights from the flight
compartment.
NOTE: When the aircraft is towed in confined areas, additional personnel are
necessary to monitor each wing tip and the tail for sufficient clearance.
NOTE: Typically the towing supervisor oversees the towing operation, and can
communicate at all times with other members of the towing ground crew
and flight crew. Light wands can be used to give signals in low visibility.

3. Procedure
Subtask 09−10−00−584−002
Refer to Figure 201.

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CAUTION: OBEY THE PRECAUTIONS THAT FOLLOW WHEN YOU TOW THE
AIRCRAFT:
± MAKE SURE THAT THE TORQUE LINKS OF THE NOSE LANDING
GEAR ARE DISCONNECTED
± DO NOT TOW AT MORE THAN 15 MPH (24 KM/H)
± DO NOT TOW REARWARD AT MORE THAN 3 MPH (5 KM/H)
± KEEP TURNS AS LARGE AS POSSIBLE
± MAKE ALL CHANGES TO TOWING SPEED OR DIRECTION SLOWLY
± USE THE AIRCRAFT BRAKES TO STOP THE AIRCRAFT ONLY WHEN
THERE IS A RISK OF COLLISION OR DAMAGE TO THE AIRCRAFT.
IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THESE PRECAUTIONS, DAMAGE TO THE
AIRCRAFT OR EQUIPMENT CAN OCCUR.
A. To push back the aircraft, do the procedure that follows:
(1) When necessary, connect a headset to the service interphone.
(2) Set the BATTERY MASTER switch to ON.
(3) Make sure that there is a minimum hydraulic brake pressure of 1500 psi (10342
kPa) by using one of the following procedures:
(a) Read the hydraulic system synoptic page.
1 Supply AC electrical power to the aircraft, from a ground power unit (Ref.
TASK 24−41−00−861−802) or the auxiliary power unit (Ref.
TASK 24−22−00−861−801).
2 Set the engine indication and crew alerting system (EICAS) to the hydraulic
system synoptic page.
3 Read the hydraulic system synoptic page.
(b) Read the brake system pressure gauges.
1 Open the forward equipment compartment access door (211L), to gain
access to the brake system accumulators.
2 Read the brake system accumulator pressure gauges.
(4) When the hydraulic pressure is less than 1500 psi (10342 kPa), pressurize
hydraulic systems No. 2 and No. 3 (Ref. TASK 12−00−06−863−801 and
TASK 12−00−06−863−803, respectively). Do this until you have a minimum of
1500 psi (10342 kPa) in the system.
(5) Remove the AC electrical power from the aircraft (Ref. TASK 24−41−00−861−804
or TASK 24−22−00−861−803), when applicable.
(6) Set the BATTERY MASTER switch to ON, when turned off in step (6).
(7) Apply the parking brake (Ref. TASK 32−45−00−910−801. Tell the towing supervisor
that the parking brake is on.
(8) Install the towbar (1) on the nose landing gear. Engage the axle engagement pins
(2) on the towing head with the holes in the ends of the nose landing gear axle.
(9) Pull out, at the same time, the two quick−disconnect handles (3) to disconnect the
upper torque link (4) from the lower torque link (5).
(10) Connect the towbar (1) to the towing mule.

Master
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09−10−00 Page 210
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(11) Remove all wheel chocks. Tell the flight crew member that the wheel chocks are
removed.
(12) Set the NAV lights switch to ON.
(13) Release the parking brake (Ref. TASK 32−45−00−910−802). Tell the towing
supervisor that the brakes are off.
(14) Push back the aircraft at a speed of not more than 3 mph (5 km/h), or tow the
aircraft forward at a speed of not more than 15 mph (24 km/h). Control the towing
speed with only the towing mule.
NOTE: Do not stop the aircraft in a turn if it is not necessary.
(15) If the aircraft is turned before it is in position, move it forward or rearward in a
straight line for a short distance. This is to remove twisting forces from the landing
gear before you stop the aircraft.
(16) When the aircraft is in the correct position, stop the aircraft with the towing mule.
Tell the flight crew member to apply the parking brake.
(17) Apply the parking brake (Ref. TASK 32−45−00−910−801). Tell the towing
supervisor that the parking brake is on.
(18) Disconnect the towbar (1) from the towing mule.
(19) Move the towbar (1) by hand to align the upper and lower torque links. This is done
when the nose landing gear is aligned with the aircraft center line.
(20) Connect the torque links as follows:
(a) Pull fully out and hold the two quick−disconnect handles (3).
(b) Align the pivot of the upper torque link (4) with the pivot of the lower torque link
(5).
(c) Release the quick−disconnect handles (3). Make sure that the two
quick−disconnect pins engage fully with the pivot of the lower torque link (5).
(21) Disconnect the towbar (1) from the nose landing gear.
(22) Connect the towbar (1) to the towing mule.
(23) Tell the flight crew member to continue with flight operations.
(24) When applicable, disconnect the headset from the service interphone.

Subtask 09−10−00−941−002
B. Remove the towing mule, towbar and any other equipment or unwanted materials from
the area.

Master
EFFECTIVITY: See Pageblock 09−10−00 page 201
09−10−00 Page 211
Jun 22/2004
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AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE MANUAL
TASK 09−10−00−584−804
Push Back Procedure with Torque Links Connected

1. Job Set−Up Information

Subtask 09−10−00−943−005
A. Tools and Equipment
REFERENCE DESIGNATION
HTAG50SDWFN Towing mule (DBP 5000 lb)
01−1229−0011 Towbar
01−1215−0000 Towbar − collapsible, air transportable
01−0571−0011 Attachment head − transportable towbar
H10−60C Headset − ground crew
40353G01 Cord − headset extension

Subtask 09−10−00−946−006
B. Reference Information
REFERENCE DESIGNATION
TASK 10−11−00−000−801 Removal of the Nose Landing Gear Lockpin
TASK 10−11−00−000−802 Removal of the Main Landing Gear Lockpins
TASK 10−11−00−000−803 Removal of the ADG Ground Safety Pin
TASK 12−00−06−863−801 Pressurize Hydraulic Systems No. 1 and No. 2
TASK 12−00−06−863−803 Pressurize Hydraulic System No. 3
TASK 12−12−32−220−801 Extension Check and Adjustment (with Nitrogen)
of the MLG Shock Strut
TASK 12−12−32−220−802 Extension Check and Adjustment (with Nitrogen)
of the NLG Shock Strut
TASK 12−12−32−610−806 Servicing of the Tires
TASK 24−00−00−910−801 Electrical/Electronic Safety Precautions
TASK 24−22−00−861−801 Energize External AC System in the External
Service Configuration
TASK 24−41−00−861−802 Energize External AC System in the Ground
Service
TASK 29−00−00−910−801 Hydraulic Safety Precautions
TASK 32−45−00−910−801 Set the Parking Brake
TASK 32−45−00−910−802 Release the Parking Brake

Master
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09−10−00 Page 212
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2. Job Set−Up
Subtask 09−10−00−910−005
A. Obey all the related safety precautions during the push back procedure and complete
the following before moving the aircraft:
WARNING: OBEY ALL THE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN YOU DO
MAINTENANCE ON OR NEAR ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC
EQUIPMENT. IF YOU DO NOT DO THIS, YOU CAN CAUSE INJURIES
TO PERSONS AND DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT.
(1) Obey all the electrical/electronic safety precautions (Ref.
TASK 24−00−00−910−801).
WARNING: OBEY ALL THE HYDRAULIC SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN YOU DO
WORK ON THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM AND/OR A HYDRAULIC
SYSTEM COMPONENT. IF YOU DO NOT DO THIS, YOU CAN CAUSE
INJURIES TO PERSONS AND/OR DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT.
(2) Obey all the hydraulic safety precautions (Ref. TASK 29−00−00−910−801).
(3) Prepare the aircraft for the push−back procedure as follows:
(a) Before the aircraft will be pushed back, make sure that the you have the
towing crew that follows:
– One towing supervisor to control the towing operation
– One person in the flight compartment to operate the brakes
– One person to operate the towing vehicle
– One person on the left wing−tip and one person on the right wing−tip to
monitor sufficient clearance during the turns
– One person behind the tail to monitor sufficient clearance during the turns.
NOTE: The towing supervisor is in control of the towing operation and must
have visual and radio communication with all the members of the
towing and flight crews at all times. Light wands can be used to give
signals in low visibility.
(4) Make sure that the tires are correctly inflated (Ref. TASK 12−12−32−610−806).
(5) Make sure that the shock struts of the main and nose landing gear are correctly
pressurized (Ref. TASK 12−12−32−220−801 and TASK 12−12−32−220−802).
(6) In the flight compartment do the steps that follow:
(a) Make sure that the nose wheel steering system is off.
(b) Make sure that the landing gear selector−handle is in the DOWN position.
(7) Make sure that all ground equipment is removed from areas adjacent to the aircraft.
(8) Make sure that all external services are disconnected from the aircraft.
(9) Make sure that the grounding wire is disconnected from the aircraft.
(10) Make sure that all external doors and panels are closed and installed correctly.

Master
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09−10−00 Page 213
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3. Procedure
Subtask 09−10−00−584−004
Refer to Figure 201.
CAUTION: WHEN YOU TOW THE AIRCRAFT WITH TORQUE LINKS CONNECTED,
OBEY THE PRECAUTIONS THAT FOLLOW :
± DO NOT TURN THE NOSEWHEEL MORE THAN 70 DEGREES
± DO NOT APPLY MORE THAN 3,750 LBF·FT (5,084 N·M) OF TORQUE
ALONG THE SHOCK STRUT AXIS
± DO NOT APPLY LOADS OF MORE THAN 6400 LBF (28649 N)
PARALLEL TO THE GROUND
± DISCONNECT THE TOWBAR BEFORE YOU ARM THE NOSEWHEEL
STEERING
± DO NOT TOW AT MORE THAN 15 MPH (24 KM/H)
± DO NOT PUSH REARWARD AT MORE THAN 3 MPH (5 KM/H)
± DO NOT USE THE AIRCRAFT BRAKES TO STOP THE AIRCRAFT
UNLESS THERE IS AN EMERGENCY
± KEEP TURNS AS LARGE AS POSSIBLE
± MAKE ONLY SLOW CHANGES TO SPEED OR DIRECTION.
IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THESE PRECAUTIONS, DAMAGE TO THE
AIRCRAFT OR EQUIPMENT CAN OCCUR.
CAUTION: MAKE SURE THAT THE LOAD ON THE NOSEWHEEL IS NOT LESS THAN
2000 LB (907 KG) AND NOT MORE THAN THE MAXIMUM LIMIT GIVEN BY
THE CG ENVELOPE. IF NECESSARY, MAKE A BALLAST OR FUEL
ADJUSTMENT TO GET THE CORRECT LOAD. IF YOU DO NOT DO THIS,
YOU CAN DISCONNECT OR DAMAGE THE STEERING MECHANISM,
AND/OR CAUSE THE AIRCRAFT TO TIP OVER.
A. To push back the aircraft, do the procedure that follows:
(1) If you push back the aircraft for maintenance, do not remove the lockpins from the
landing gear and from the air−driven generator (ADG).
(2) If the flight crew members are on board and you prepare to push back the aircraft
from the gates for departure, make sure to remove the ground safety items that
follow:
(a) Remove the nose landing gear (NLG) lockpin (Ref.
TASK 10−11−00−000−801).
(b) Remove the main landing gear (MLG) lockpins (Ref.
TASK 10−11−00−000−802).
(c) Remove the ADG ground safety pin (Ref. TASK 10−11−00−000−803).
(3) When necessary, connect a headset to the service interphone.
(4) Remove the AC electrical power from the aircraft (Ref. TASK 24−41−00−861−804
or TASK 24−22−00−861−803), when applicable.
(5) In the flight compartment, do the steps that follow:

Master
EFFECTIVITY: See Pageblock 09−10−00 page 201
09−10−00 Page 214
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(a) Set the BATTERY MASTER switch to ON.
(b) Set the EICAS to the hydraulic synoptic page.
(c) Make sure that the STEERING INOP is shown on the primary EICAS display.
(d) Make sure that there is a minimum hydraulic pressure of 1500 psi (10342
kPa).
1 When the hydraulic pressure is less than 1500 psi (10342 kPa), pressurize
hydraulic systems No. 2 and No. 3 (Ref. TASK 12−00−06−863−801 and
TASK 12−00−06−863−803). Do this until you have a minimum of 1500 psi
(10342 kPa) in the system.
(e) Apply the parking brake (Ref. TASK 32−45−00−910−801). Tell the towing
supervisor that the parking brake is on.
(6) Install the towbar (1) on the nose landing gear. Engage the axle engagement pins
(2) on the towing head with the holes in the ends of the NLG axle.
(7) Connect the towbar (1) to the towing mule.
(8) Remove all wheel chocks. Tell the flight crew member that the wheel chocks are
removed.
(9) In the flight compartment, do the steps that follow:
(a) Set the NAV lights switch to ON.
(b) Release the parking brake (Ref. TASK 32−45−00−910−802). Tell the towing
supervisor that the brakes are off.
(10) Push back the aircraft, at a speed of not more than 3 mph (5 km/h), or tow the
aircraft forward at a speed of not more than 15 mph (24 km/h). Control the towing
speed with only the towing mule.
NOTE: Control the push−back speed with the use of the towing vehicle
speed−indicator only.
NOTE: Do not stop the aircraft in a turn if it is not necessary.
(11) If the aircraft is turned before it is parked, move it forward or rearward in a straight
line for a short distance.
NOTE: Moving the aircraft in a straight line removes twisting forces from the
landing gear before you stop the aircraft.
(12) When the aircraft is in the correct position, stop the aircraft with the towing mule.
(13) In the flight compartment, do the steps that follow:
(a) Set the parking brake (Ref. TASK 32−45−00−910−801). Tell the towing
supervisor that the parking brake is on.
(b) Set the NAV light switch to OFF.
(c) Set the BATTERY MASTER switch to OFF.
(14) Disconnect the towbar (1) from the towing mule.
(15) Disconnect the towbar (1) from the nose landing gear.
(16) Connect the towbar (1) to the towing mule.
(17) Tell the flight crew member to continue with flight operations.
(18) When applicable, disconnect the headset from the service interphone.

Master
EFFECTIVITY: See Pageblock 09−10−00 page 201
09−10−00 Page 215
Jun 22/2004
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AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Subtask 09−10−00−941−003
B. Remove the towing mule, towbar and any other equipment or unwanted materials from
the area.

Master
EFFECTIVITY: See Pageblock 09−10−00 page 201
09−10−00 Page 216
Jun 22/2004
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AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE MANUAL
TASK 09−10−00−584−805
Movement of the Aircraft with a Towbarless Vehicle
NOTE: Towbarless towing is permitted for push back and maintenance towing. It is not
permitted for dispatch towing. The towbarless towing vehicle must have oversteer and
overload protection/indication.

1. Job Set−Up Information

Subtask 09−10−00−943−003
A. Tools and Equipment
REFERENCE DESIGNATION
Refer to the NOTE below. Towbarless tow tractor
NOTE: For a list of approved towbarless vehicles, ask the Help Desk at Bombardier Aerospace
Inc., Montreal.
B. Reference Information
REFERENCE DESIGNATION
TASK 10−11−00−000−801 Removal of the Nose Landing Gear Lockpin
TASK 10−11−00−000−802 Removal of the Main Landing Gear Lockpins
TASK 10−11−00−400−801 Installation of the Nose Landing Gear Lockpin
TASK 10−11−00−400−802 Installation of the Main Landing Gear Lockpins
TASK 10−11−00−000−803 Removal of the ADG Ground Safety Pin
TASK 10−11−00−400−803 Installation of the ADG Ground Safety Pin
TASK 12−00−06−863−801 Pressurize Hydraulic Systems No. 1 and No. 2
TASK 12−00−06−863−803 Pressurize Hydraulic System No. 3
TASK 12−12−32−220−801 Extension Check and Adjustment (with Nitrogen)
of the MLG Shock Strut
TASK 12−12−32−220−802 Extension Check and Adjustment (with Nitrogen)
of the NLG Shock Strut
TASK 12−12−32−610−806 Servicing of the Tires
TASK 24−00−00−910−801 Electrical/Electronic Safety Precautions
TASK 24−22−00−861−801 Energize External AC System in the External
Service Configuration
TASK 24−22−00−861−803 Remove Power from the External AC System in
the External Service Configuration
TASK 24−41−00−861−802 Energize External AC System in the Ground
Service Configuration
TASK 24−41−00−861−804 Remove Power from the External AC System in
the Ground Service Configuration
TASK 29−00−00−910−801 Hydraulic Safety Precautions
TASK 32−45−00−910−801 Set the Parking Brake
TASK 32−45−00−910−802 Release the Parking Brake

Master
EFFECTIVITY: See Pageblock 09−10−00 page 201
09−10−00 Page 217
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2. Job Set−Up
Subtask 09−10−00−940−001
A. Before you move the aircraft, do the steps that follow:
WARNING: OBEY ALL THE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN YOU DO
MAINTENANCE ON OR NEAR ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC
EQUIPMENT. IF YOU DO NOT DO THIS, YOU CAN CAUSE INJURIES
TO PERSONS AND DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT.
(1) Obey all the electrical/electronic safety precautions (Ref. TASK
24−00−00−910−801).
WARNING: OBEY ALL THE HYDRAULIC SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN YOU DO
WORK ON THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM AND/OR A HYDRAULIC
SYSTEM COMPONENT. IF YOU DO NOT DO THIS, YOU CAN CAUSE
INJURIES TO PERSONS AND/OR DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT.
(2) Obey all the hydraulic safety precautions (Ref. TASK 29−00−00−910−801).
(3) Make sure that the tires are correctly inflated (Ref. TASK 12−12−32−610−806).
(4) Do a visual check of the nose and main landing−gear shock−strut extensions. If
necessary, make sure that the shock struts are set to the correct pressure (Ref.
TASK 12−12−32−220−801 and TASK 12−12−32−220−802).
NOTE: Do not move the aircraft with a towbarless vehicle if the NLG is
unserviceable or less than fully inflated.
(5) Make sure that the lockpins that follow are installed:
± The nose landing gear lockpin (Ref. TASK 10−11−00−400−801)
± The main landing gear lockpins (Ref. TASK 10−11−00−400−802)
± The air driven generator lockpin (Ref. TASK 10−11−00−400−803).
NOTE: It is not necessary to install lockpins if the aircraft movement is a push
back before dispatch.
(6) Make sure that the the N/W STRG ARMED switch is set to the OFF position.
(7) Make sure that the landing gear selector−handle is in the DOWN position.
(8) Make sure that all ground equipment is removed from areas adjacent to the aircraft.
(9) Make sure that the grounding wire is disconnected from the aircraft.
(10) Make sure that the passenger door is closed .
(11) When the aircraft is towed, make sure that sufficient trained personnel and

Master
EFFECTIVITY: See Pageblock 09−10−00 page 201
09−10−00 Page 218
Dec 15/2004
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AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE MANUAL
serviceable equipment are used to move the aircraft safely.
NOTE: A typical ground crew, for aircraft movement in open areas, has the
personnel that follow:
± A movement supervisor to supervise the moving operation
± A person to operate the towbarless vehicle
± A person to operate the aircraft brakes and navigation lights from the
flight compartment.
NOTE: When the aircraft is moved in a small area, additional personnel are
necessary to monitor each wing tip and the tail for sufficient clearance.
NOTE: A supervisor is usually in control of the moving operation. He/she can
speak at all times with other members of the ground movement crew.
Light wands can be used to give signals in low visibility.

3. Procedure
Subtask 09−10−00−584−003
WARNING: OBEY ALL THE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN YOU MOVE THE AIRCRAFT
WITH A TOWBARLESS VEHICLE THAT HAS OVERSTEER PROTECTION OR
INDICATION. IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THESE PRECAUTIONS, INJURY TO
PERSONNEL AND/OR DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT CAN OCCUR.
A. Obey the precautions that follow when you move the aircraft with a towbarless vehicle:
(1) Before you connect or release a towbarless vehicle from the aircraft, make sure that
the aircraft is stable. Make sure that the parking brake is on and there are chocks at
the main wheels.
(2) Make sure that the towbarless vehicle is approved for towing without a towbar (refer
to the Tools and Equipment table).
NOTE: To prevent damage to the nose landing gear (NLG), the vehicles
approved for this procedure have the systems that follow:
± Brake limiting
± Tractive force limiting
± Oversteer protection or indication.
(3) Refer to the towbarless vehicle operating manual for the operating instructions.
(4) Refer to the towbarless vehicle maintenance manual for the maintenance schedule
of the vehicle.
(5) Before you use the towbarless vehicle, make sure that it is in good condition and
serviceable (refer to the manufacturer’s operating manual.)
(6) Make sure that the pavement is clear of all unwanted material. Moving the aircraft
on a very rough surface is not permitted.
(7) Make sure that each person who is in the aircraft is in a seat with the seat belt
attached.
(8) Make sure that there is a person in the flight compartment who can operate the
brakes when necessary.

Master
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09−10−00 Page 219
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(9) Make sure that the NLG torque links are connected.
(10) Set the type of aircraft on the towbarless vehicle.
(11) Be careful when you install the NLG into the clamping device of the towbarless
vehicle. Make sure that the clamping device aligns with the axis of the NLG to
prevent damage to the torque links.

Subtask 09−10−00−584−005
B. To move the aircraft, do the steps that follow:
(1) When necessary, connect a headset to the service interphone.
(2) Set the BATTERY MASTER switch to ON.
(3) Make sure that there is a minimum hydraulic brake pressure of 1500 psi
(10342 kPa) by using one of the following procedures:
(a) Read the hydraulic system synoptic page.
1 Supply AC electrical power to the aircraft, from a ground power unit (Ref.
TASK 24−41−00−861−802) or the auxiliary power unit (Ref.
TASK 24−22−00−861−801).
2 Set the engine indication and crew alerting system (EICAS) to the hydraulic
system synoptic page.
3 Read the hydraulic system synoptic page.
(b) Read the brake system pressure gauges.
1 Open the forward equipment compartment access door (211L), to gain
access to the brake system accumulators.
2 Read the brake system accumulator pressure gauges.
(4) When the hydraulic pressure is less than 1500 psi (10342 kPa), pressurize
hydraulic systems No. 2 and No. 3 (Ref. TASK 12−00−06−863−801 and
TASK 12−00−06−863−803). Do this until you have a minimum of 1500 psi (10342
kPa) in the system.
(5) Remove the AC electrical power from the aircraft (Ref. TASK 24−41−00−861−804
or TASK 24−22−00−861−803), when applicable. Make sure that the BATTERY
MASTER switch remains ON.
(6) Make sure that all external services are disconnected from the aircraft.
(7) Set the parking brake (Ref. TASK 32−45−00−910−801). Tell the towing supervisor
that the parking brake is on.
(8) Move the towbarless vehicle into position to lift the NLG.
(9) Set the NAV lights switch to ON.
(10) Move the support platform of the towbarless vehicle into position below the NLG.
Lift the NLG and lock it safely with the vehicle clamping device (refer to the vehicle
operating manual).
(11) Remove all the wheel chocks. Tell the brake operator that the wheel chocks are
removed.
(12) Release the parking brake (Ref. TASK 32−45−00−910−802). Tell the movement
supervisor that the brakes are off.

Master
EFFECTIVITY: See Pageblock 09−10−00 page 201
09−10−00 Page 220
Dec 15/2004
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AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE MANUAL
CAUTION: OBEY THE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS THAT FOLLOW WHEN YOU USE
A TOWBARLESS TOWING VEHICLE:
± WHEN YOU MOVE THE AIRCRAFT WITH A TOWBARLESS
VEHICLE, DO NOT USE THE AIRCRAFT BRAKES UNLESS THERE
IS AN EMERGENCY.
± DURING THE AIRCRAFT MOVEMENT, MAKE SURE THAT NO
UNUSUAL VIBRATION OR INSTABILITY IS CAUSED AT THE NLG.
IF NECESSARY, DECREASE THE SPEED OF THE TOWBARLESS
VEHICLE.
± MAKE ALL TURNS AS WIDE AS POSSIBLE, AND CHANGE SPEED
AND DIRECTION SLOWLY.
± TURN ANGLE LIMITS ARE 70 DEGREES RIGHT AND LEFT FROM
THE CNTER. IT MUST BE POSSIBLE FOR THE TOWBARLESS
VEHICLE OPERATOR TO SEE WHEN THE NLG IS NEAR TO
THESE LIMITS.
± THE TOWBARLESS VEHICLE OPERATOR MUST OBEY ALL
WARNINGS GIVEN BY THE VEHICLE. (THESE WARNINGS ARE
FOUND IN THE MANUFACTURER’S OPERATING MANUAL.)
± THE MAXIMUM FORWARD OR AFT APPLIED FORCE PERMITTED
BY THE TOWBARLESS VEHICLE IS 5450 LBF (24243 N).
± THE MAXIMUM APPLIED TORQUE PERMITTED BY THE
TOWBARLESS VEHICLE IS 2385 LBF·FT (3234 N·M).
IF YOU DO NOT DO OBEY THESE PRECAUTIONS, DAMAGE TO THE
AIRCRAFT OR EQUIPMENT CAN OCCUR.
(13) Move the aircraft at the speed recommended in the towbarless vehicle operating
manual.
(14) If the aircraft is turned before it is parked, move it forward or rearward in a straight
line for a short distance. This is to remove twisting forces from the landing gear
before you stop the aircraft.
(15) When the aircraft is in the correct position, stop the aircraft with the towbarless
vehicle.
(16) Set the parking brake (Ref. TASK 32−45−00−910−801). Tell the towing supervisor
that the parking brake is on.
(17) Install the main wheel chocks.
(18) Set the NAV lights switch to OFF.
(19) Set the BATTERY MASTER switch to OFF.
(20) Release the aircraft from the towbarless vehicle (refer to the vehicle operating
manual).

Master
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09−10−00 Page 221
Aug 10/2005
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4. Close Out
Subtask 09−10−00−940−002
A. When necessary, do the steps that follow:
(1) Remove the landing gear lockpins (Ref. TASK 10−11−00−000−801 and
TASK 10−11−00−000−802).
(2) Remove the air driven generator lockpin (Ref. TASK 10−11−00−000−803).
(3) Disconnect the headset from the service interphone.

Master
EFFECTIVITY: See Pageblock 09−10−00 page 201
09−10−00 Page 222
Dec 15/2004
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AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE MANUAL
**ON A/C ALL
TAXIING − MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

1. General
A. The procedure that follows is to move the aircraft on the ground with engine thrust,
nosewheel steering, and brakes. It is recommended to use the two engines to taxi the
aircraft. It is permitted to taxi with one engine, if all hydraulic systems are set in the ON
position(Electrical pumps).

TASK 09−20−00−585−801
Taxiing of the Aircraft

1. Job Set−Up Information

Subtask 09−20−00−946−001
A. Reference Information
REFERENCE DESIGNATION
TASK 12−12−32−220−801 Extension Check and Adjustment (with Nitrogen)
of the MLG Shock Strut
TASK 12−12−32−220−802 Extension Check and Adjustment (with Nitrogen)
of the NLG Shock Strut
TASK 12−12−32−610−806 Servicing of the Tires
TASK 32−45−00−910−801 Set the Parking Brake
TASK 32−45−00−910−802 Release the Parking Brake
TASK 71−00−00−868−806 Engine Start
TASK 71−00−00−868−807 Engine Shutdown (Normal)

2. Job Set−Up
Subtask 09−20−00−910−001
Refer to Figure 201.
WARNING: DO NOT START THE ENGINES OR MOVE THE AIRCRAFT WITH ENGINE
POWER IF THERE ARE PERSONS OR OBJECTS ON THE GROUND IN
THE DANGER AREAS. YOU CAN CAUSE INJURIES TO PERSONS
AND/OR DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT.

Master
EFFECTIVITY: See Pageblock 09−20−00 page 201
09−20−00 Page 201
Apr 20/2004
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AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE MANUAL
WARNING: OBEY THE PRECAUTIONS THAT FOLLOW WHEN YOU DO THE TAXIING
OF THE AIRCRAFT:
± MAKE SURE THAT THE TIRES ARE CORRECTLY INFLATED
± MAKE SURE THAT THE LANDING−GEAR SHOCK STRUTS ARE AT
THE CORRECT EXTENSION
± DO NOT DO THE TAXIING OF THE AIRCRAFT AT MORE THAN 23 MPH
(37 KPH) IN A STRAIGHT LINE
± DO NOT DO THE TAXIING OF THE AIRCRAFT AT MORE THAN 15 MPH
(24 KPH) IN A TURN
± DO NOT USE MORE ENGINE THRUST THAN IS NECESSARY TO KEEP
THE TAXIING SPEED CONSTANT.
IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THESE PRECAUTIONS, DAMAGE TO THE
EQUIPMENT CAN OCCUR.
A. Obey the precautions that follow before you move the aircraft with engine power:
(1) Make sure that the tires are correctly inflated (Ref. TASK 12−12−32−610−806).
(2) Make sure that the shock struts of the main and nose landing gear are correctly
inflated (Ref. TASK 12−12−32−220−801 and TASK 12−12−32−220−802).
(3) Make sure that persons or objects do not go in to the intake and exhaust danger
areas.
(4) Make sure that all of the external doors are closed.

3. Procedure
Subtask 09−20−00−586−001
Refer to Figure 202.
A. Do the taxiing operation in the sequence that follows:
(1) Make sure that the parking brake is on (Ref. TASK 32−45−00−910−801).
(2) Start the engines (Ref. TASK 71−00−00−868−806).
(3) Make sure the brake systems have hydraulic pressure.
(4) If the nosewheel steering system is used during the taxiing procedure, make sure
that the system is on.
(5) Remove the wheel chocks.
(6) Release the parking brake (Ref. TASK 32−45−00−910−802).
NOTE: Idle thrust is sufficient to keep the taxiing speed in most conditions.
(7) Apply sufficient engine power as necessary to move the aircraft, then decrease the
thrust to IDLE. Use more than IDLE thrust only when it is necessary to keep the
taxiing speed.
(8) During the taxiing procedure, obey the precautions that follow:
(a) Keep your toes at the bottom of the rudder pedals until the brakes are
necessary. You can accidentally apply pressure to the brakes and cause the
brakes to become too hot.

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(b) Use the brakes only if the aircraft goes too fast, to decrease speed for turns, or
to stop the aircraft. Do not use the brakes continuously to hold the same
speed.
(c) Always use the largest turn radius possible to turn the aircraft.
(d) Make all turns at a slow speed.
(e) Do not stop in the middle of a turn if it is not necessary.
(f) Do not use brakes to help tighten a turn made with the nosewheel steering.
(g) Before the aircraft is parked, do the steps that follow:
± Do not park the aircraft while it is in a turn.
± Move the aircraft forward in a straight line for a short distance to remove
twisting forces from the landing gear.
(h) Do not use the thrust reversers to control the speed of the aircraft during taxi.
(i) Do not use the brakes if the aircraft moves rearward. Stop the aircraft with
forward thrust. Use the brakes only when the aircraft is stopped or when the
aircraft moves forward.
B. When the taxiing the aircraft, do the steps as follows:
(1) Stop the aircraft in a straight line.
(2) Set the parking brake (Ref. TASK 32−45−00−910−801).
(3) Stop the engines (Ref. TASK 71−00−00−868−807).
(4) Install the wheel chocks.

Master
EFFECTIVITY: See Pageblock 09−20−00 page 201
09−20−00 Page 203
Apr 20/2004
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AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE MANUAL

IDLE MAXIMUM
THRUST THRUST

25 FT
12 FT (7.6 M)
(3.7 M)
APU EXHAUST
DANGER AREA
(15 FEET)
(4.6 M)

0 FT (0 M) (0 M) 0
532 C
393 C (990 F)
10 (3) 136 MPH (740 F) (3) 10
(219 KPH) 227 C
544 MPH
20 (6) (440 F) (875 KPH) (6) 20
60 C
68 MPH
30 (109 KPH)
(140 F) (9.1) 30
(9.1)

40 (12.2) 34 MPH 272 MPH (12.2) 40

(55 KPH) 60 C (438 KPH)
27 C (140 F)
50 FT (15.2 M) (15.2 M) 50 FT
(80 F)
60 (18.3)
136 MPH (18.3) 60
(219 KPH)
70 (21.3) 20 MPH (21.3) 70
(32 KPH)
80 (24.4) (24.4) 80

90 (27.4) (27.4) 90
IDLE
100 FT (30.5 M) THRUST (30.5 M) 100 FT
27 C
68 MPH
110 (33.5) (80 F) (33.5) 110
18 FT (109 KPH)
(5.5 M)
120 (36.6) (36.6) 120

130 (39.6) (39.6) 130

140 (42.7) (42.7) 140

150 FT (45.7 M) (45.7 M) 150 FT

ram0920002_001.dc, RF, 14/2/92

160 (48.8) (48.8) 160

MAXIMUM 34 MPH
170 (51.8) (51.8) 170
THRUST (55 KPH)

18 FT
(5.5 M)

Engine Intake and Exhaust Danger Areas

Figure 201

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AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE MANUAL

MAXIMUM
STEERING
ANGLE 68
(WITH SLIP
OF 3 )

40 FT 8 IN
(12.40 M )

47 FT 1 IN
(14.4 M) TURN
CENTER

51 FT 5 IN
( 15.7 M )

PAVEMENT
WIDTH FOR
180 TURN
ram0920002_002(1).dg, kms, 03/12/98

75 FT
MAXIMUM STEERING (22.9 M)
SYMETRICAL THRUST
NO DIFFERENTIAL BRAKING
SLOW CONTINUOUS TURN
AFT CENTRE OF GRAVITY
MAX GROSS WEIGHT
DRY RUNWAY

Taxi Turning Radii

Figure 202

Master
EFFECTIVITY: See Pageblock 09−20−00 page 201
09−20−00 Page 205
Apr 20/2004