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Lab 4

This document describes an experiment conducted with an ultrasonic sensor. The experiment involved building a circuit with an Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensor, LCD, and variable resistor in Proteus 8 Professional simulation software. Code was uploaded to the Arduino to take distance measurements as the variable resistor value was changed from 0% to 100%. Distances of 1106 cm, 829 cm, 552 cm, 281 cm, and 4 cm were recorded at the different resistance levels. The document concludes that ultrasonic sensors can measure distance using ultrasonic waves and have various applications.

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88 views

Lab 4

This document describes an experiment conducted with an ultrasonic sensor. The experiment involved building a circuit with an Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensor, LCD, and variable resistor in Proteus 8 Professional simulation software. Code was uploaded to the Arduino to take distance measurements as the variable resistor value was changed from 0% to 100%. Distances of 1106 cm, 829 cm, 552 cm, 281 cm, and 4 cm were recorded at the different resistance levels. The document concludes that ultrasonic sensors can measure distance using ultrasonic waves and have various applications.

Uploaded by

ahmad faiz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BEU 6233

BIOMEDICAL SENSOR & TRANSDUCER-E

LAB 4
ULTRASONIC SENSOR

GROUP NAME:

NAME NO.MATRICS
AHMAD FAIZ BIN MD ISA 08BEU18F3018
KHAIRUL ANAS BIN KAMARUDIN 08BEU18F3027
IMAN NAJIHAH BINTI YUSOFF 08BEU18F3002

LECTURER:
MADAM NURUL MAISARAH BINTI KAMARUDDIN
TITTLE: ULTRASONIC SENSOR

INTRODUCTION:
An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance of a target
object by emitting ultrasonic sound waves, and converts the reflected sound into an
electrical signal. It measures accurate distance using a non-contact technology, A
technology that involves no physical contact between sensor and object. Ultrasonic waves
travel faster than the speed of audible sound (i.e. the sound that humans can hear).
Ultrasonic sensors have two main components: the transmitter (which emits the sound using
piezoelectric crystals) and the receiver (which encounters the sound after it has travelled to
and from the target). This sensor comes with a range between 2cm to 400cm. and is used in
a wide range of applications including speed and direction measurement, wireless charging,
humidifiers, medical ultrasonography, sonar, burglar alarms, and non-destructive testing.

Ultrasonic Sensor
 
Pin configuration of ultrasonic sensor:

Ultrasonic pinout
Ultrasonic (US) sensor work:

The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic (US) sensor is an ultrasonic transducer that comes with 4
pin interface named as Vcc, Trigger, Echo, and Ground. It is very useful for accurate
distance measurement of the target object and mainly works on the sound waves. We
connect the module to 5V and initialize the input pin, it starts transmitting the sound waves
which then travel through the air and hit the required object. These waves hit and bounce
back from the object and then collected by the receiver of the module.

Ultrasonic Sensor principle:

Ultrasonic sensors emit short, high-frequency sound pulses at regular intervals.


These propagate in the air at the velocity of sound. If they strike an object, then they are
reflected back as echo signals to the sensor, which itself computes the distance to the target
based on the time-span between emitting the signal and receiving the echo.

Ultrasonic sensors measure distance by using ultrasonic sensor waves. The sensor head
emits an ultrasonic wave and receives the wave reflected back from the target. Ultrasonic
sensors measure the distance to the target by measuring the time between the emission and
reception. Ultrasonic sensor uses a single ultrasonic element for both emission and
reception.
METHOD:

Circuit of Ultrasonic Sensor:

Components:

Arduino Uno Ultrasonic Sensor LCD

Variable Resistance Ground DC


Coding:
RESULT:

Variable
No resistance Result
value (%)
1 0 = 1106 cm

2 25 = 829 cm
3 50 = 552 cm

4 75 = 281 cm

5 100 = 4 cm
DISCUSSIONS:

In this lab, we only use Proteus 8 Professional to draw schematic diagrams of


ultrasonic sensors. To keep the schematic circuit clear during this laboratory, we need to
install a library of tools that do not have a normal Proteus for ultrasonic sensors. Other than
that, we also clearly understand the use of this software. After that, the schematic diagram is
drawn based on the links provided. There are 4 components used in this laboratory, such as
Arduino UNO, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor, LCD and Variable Resistor. After adding the
components, add the code provided on the Arduino UNO and click the Run button. Then you
can see the virtual terminal shows the distance value, now this value depends on the
resistance of the variable mounted on the ultrasonic sensor. As the resistance value changes,
the voltage on a particular pin will also change and based on that you will get a distance in
centimetre at the virtual terminal. We takes five different result for this lab on the resistance
of the variable value 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. We can do this lab successfully with
teamwork.

CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, an ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance


of a target object by emitting ultrasonic sound waves, and converts the reflected sound into an
electrical signal. Ultrasonic waves travel faster than the speed of audible sound (the sound
that humans can hear). Ultrasonic sensors have two main components the transmitter (which
emits the sound using piezoelectric crystals) and the receiver .Ultrasonic sensors have a wide
range of applications, such as distance measurement, air flow speed measurements,
anemometers, medical ultrasound, piezoelectric transducers, level measurements, tracking
pallets on forklifts, vehicle tracking on barrier systems and other than that. Ultrasonic sensors
do not interfere because they do not require physical contact with their targets, and can detect
specific targets that are clear or bright if they are not hidden by some vision-based sensors.
On the contrary, its size is very sensitive to temperature and the target angle. Temperature
and humidity affect the speed of sound in the air. We got five different result based on
different value of variable resistance. Lastly, we can do this lab successfully with teamwork.

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