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Latest 60 Java Interview Questions And Answers Pdf

*1. What is the right data type to represent a price in Java?*

*Answer: *BigDecimal, if memory is not a concern and Performance, is not
critical, otherwise double with predefined precision.

*2. What is a class in Java?*

*Answer: *Java encapsulates the codes in various classes which define
new data types. These new data types are used to create
objects.(Mulesoft Training
<https://svrtechnologies.com/mulesoft-training/> )

*3. What is a JVM?*

*Answer: *JVM is Java Virtual Machine which is a run time environment
for the compiled java class files.

*4. Explain method overloading?*

*Answer: *When a Java program contains more than one methods with the
same name but different properties, then it is called method overloading.

*5. Does Java support multiple inheritances?*

*Answer: *Java doesn’t support multiple inheritances.

*6. What restrictions are placed on the location of a package statement

within a source code file?*
*Answer: *A package statement must appear as the first line in a source
code file (eliminating blank lines and comments).

Read Out: Common Interview Mistakes

*7. What is a transient variable?*

*Answer: *A transient variable is a variable that may not be serialized.

*8. Is null a keyword?*

*Answer:*

No, the null is not a keyword.

*9. What’s new with the stop(), suspend() and resume() methods in JDK 1.2 ?*
*Answer:*
These methods have been deprecated in JDK 1.2.

*10. What method is used to specify a container’s layout?*

*Answer: *The setLayout() method is used to specify a container’s layout.

*11. What is the immediate superclass of the Applet class?*

*Answer: *The Panel class is the immediate superclass of the Applet class.

*12. Can we rethrow the same exception from catch handler?*

*Answer: *Yes, we can rethrow the same exception from our catch handler.
If we want to rethrow checked exception
from a catch block we need to declare that exception. ( tableau online
training <https://svrtechnologies.com/tableau-training/> )

*13. what value is a variable of the String type automatically initialized?*

*Answer: *The default value of a String type is null.

*14. When a thread blocks on I/O, what state does it enter?*

*Answer: *When it blocks on I/O, A thread enters the waiting state.

*15. Which containers use a Flow Layout as their default layout?*

*Answer: *The Panel and Applet classes use the Flow Layout as their
default layout.

*16. What modifiers may be used with an inner class that is a member of
an outer class?*
*Answer: *A (non-local) inner class may be declared as public,
protected, private, static, final, or abstract.

*17. Which java. util classes and interfaces support event handling?*
*Answer: *The Event Object class and the Event Listener interface
support event processing. ( oracle apex training online
<https://svrtechnologies.com/apex-training/> )

*18. What is the Vector class?*

*Answer: *The term Vector class provides the ability to implement a
growable array of objects.

*19. What is the difference between the >> and >>> operators?*
*Answer: *The >> operator carries the sign bit when shifting right while
the >>> zero-fills bits that have been shifted out.

*20. What is a native method?*

*Answer: *A native method is a method that is applied in a language
other than Java.(Selenium Training
<https://svrtechnologies.com/selenium-training/> )

*21. What value does read Line() return when it has reached the end of a
file?*
*Answer:*
The readLine() method returns null when it has reached the end of a file.

*22. What is clipping?*

*Answer: *Clipping is the process of confining paint operations to a
limited area or shape.

*23. Can a for statement loop indefinitely?*

*Answer: *Yes, a for statement can loop indefinitely. For example,
consider the following: for(;;)

*24. Explain Java Coding standards for Methods?*

*Answer:*
1) Method names should start with small letters.(Sap Fico Online
Training <https://svrtechnologies.com/sap-fico-online-training/> )
2) Method names are usually verbs
3) If a method contains multiple words, every inner word should start
with an uppercase letter.
Ex : toString()
4) Method name must be combination of verb and noun
Ex : getCarName(),getCarNumber()

*25. Explain Java Coding Standards for Constants ?*

*Answer:*
Constants in java are created using static and final keywords.
1) Constants contain only uppercase letters.
2) If the constant name is a combination of two words it should be
separated by an underscore.

3) Constant names are usually nouns.

Ex:MAX_VALUE, MIN_VALUE, MAX_PRIORITY, MIN_PRIORITY

*26. What is synchronization and why is it important?*

*Answer: *The term synchronization is the ability to control the access
of multiple threads to shared resources. And it is important because,
without it, it is not possible for one thread to modify a shared object
while another thread is in the process of using or updating that
object’s value.(Azure Training
<https://svrtechnologies.com/azure-training/> ) This often leads to
major errors.

*27. Explain Java Coding Standards for variables?*

*Answer:*
1) Variable names should start with small letters.
2) Variable names should be nouns
3) Short meaningful names are recommended.
4) If there are multiple words every inner world should start with
Uppercase character.
Ex : string,value,empName,MEP salary

*28. Name three Component subclasses that support painting?*

*Answer:*
The Canvas, Frame, Panel, and Applet classes support painting. ( puppet
training <https://svrtechnologies.com/devops-training/> )

*29. What is the difference between JDK and JVM?*

*Answer: *we’re presenting
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)> the
difference between JDK and JVM in tabular format, take a look…

JDK JVM
*Full-Form:* Java Development Kit Full Form: Java Virtual Machine
For Development Purpose

To execute the java programs

It provides all the tools, executables and binaries required to compile,
debug and execute a Java Program The execution part is handled by JVM to
provide machine independence(Sql Server Training
<https://svrtechnologies.com/sql-server-training/> )

*30. Why Java doesn’t support multiple inheritances?*

*Answer: *Because of “Diamond Problem”, Java doesn’t support multiple
inheritances in classes.

*31. Why Java is not a pure Object Oriented language?*

*Answer: *Java supports primitive types such as int, byte, short, long,
etc that why it is not said to be a pure object-oriented language.

*32. What are the access modifiers?*

*Answer: *Java provides three access controls such as public, private
and protected access modifier. When none of these are used, it’s called
default access modifier.

*33. Can we overload the main method?*

*Answer:*
Yes, we can overload the main method with syntax as public static void
main(String args[]).

*34. What is the method in java?*

*Answer: *It contains the executable body that can be applied to the
specific object of the class.
The method includes method name, parameters or arguments and return type
and a body of executable code.
Syntax : type methodName(Argument List){

ex: public float add(int a, int b, int c)

methods can have multiple arguments. Separate with commas when we have
multiple arguments.
thrown in the method are instances of their subclass.

*35. Can we use catch statement for checked exceptions?*

*Answer: *If there is no chance of raising an exception in our code then
we can’t declare catch block for handling
checked exceptions. This raises a compile-time error if we try to handle
checked exceptions when there is
no possibility of causing an exception.

*36. Explain a situation where finally block will not be executed?*

*Answer: *Finally, the block will not be executed whenever JVM
shutdowns. If we use system.exit(0) in try statement
finally block if present will not be executed.(Servicenow Training
<https://svrtechnologies.com/servicenow-training/> )

*37. Explain about the main() method in java?*

*Answer: *The main () method is the starting point of execution for all
java applications.
public static void main(String[] args) {}
String args[] are an array of string objects we need to pass from
command line arguments.
Every Java application must have at least one main method. company
<https://www.oracle.com/java/>

*38. What is constructor in java?*

*Answer: *A constructor is a special method used to initialize objects
in the java.
we use constructors to initialize all variables in the class when an
object is created. As and when an object
is created it is initialized automatically with the help of constructor
in java.
We have two types of constructors
Default Constructor
Parameterized Constructor

*39. How can we find the actual size of an object on the heap?*
*Answer: *In Java, there is no way to find out the actual size of an
object on the heap.

*40. In how many ways we can do synchronization in java?*

*Answer:*
There are two ways to do synchronization in java:
1) Synchronized methods
2) Synchronized blocks
To do synchronization we use the synchronized keyword. ( apex training
<https://svrtechnologies.com/apex-training/> )

*41. Explain about Automatic type conversion in java?*

*Answer:*
Java automatic type conversion is done if the following conditions are met:
1) When two types are compatible
Ex: int, float
int can be assigned directly to float variable.
2) Destination type is larger than source type.
Ex: int, long.

Int can be assigned directly to long .Automatic type conversion takes

place if int is assigned to long
because long is larger datatype than int.
Widening Conversion comes under Automatic type conversion.

*42. In how many ways we can do exception handling in java?*

*Answer:*
We can handle exceptions in either of the two ways :
1) By specifying a try-catch block where we can catch the exception.
2) Declaring a method with throws clause.

*43. What does null mean in java?*

*Answer:*
When a reference variable doesn’t point to any value it is assigned null.
Example: Employee employee;
In the above example employee object is not instantiate so it is pointed
nowhere. ( hadoop training <https://svrtechnologies.com/hadoop-training/> )

*44. Can we define a package statement after the import statement in java?*
*Answer: *We can’t define a package statement after the import statement
in java. a package statement must be the first
statement in the source file. We can have commented before the package
statement. ( oracle apex training online
<https://svrtechnologies.com/apex-training/> )

*45. Explain where variables are created in memory?*

*Answer: *When we declare variables are created in the stack. So when
the variable is out of scope those
variables get garbage collected.

*46. When do we use synchronized blocks and advantages of using

synchronized blocks?*
*Answer: *If very few lines of code require synchronization then it is
recommended to use synchronized blocks. The
main advantage of synchronized blocks over synchronized methods is it
reduces the waiting time of
threads and improves performance of the system.

*47. What is the difference between access specifiers and access

modifiers in java?*
*Answer: *In C++ we have access specifiers as public, private, protected
and default and access modifiers as static,
final. But there is no such division of access specifiers and access
modifiers in java. In Java, we have
access to modifiers and nonaccess modifiers.
Access Modifiers: public, private, protected, default
Non Access Modifiers: abstract, final, strip. ( hadoop training online
<https://svrtechnologies.com/hadoop-training/> )

*48. What access modifiers can be used for class?*

*Answer: *We can use only two access modifiers for class public and default.
public: A class with a public modifier can be visible
1) In the same class
2) In the same package subclass
3) In the same package nonsubclass
4) In the different package subclass
5) In the different package nonsubclass.
default: A class with default modifier can be accessed
1) In the same class
2) In the same package subclass
3) In the same package nonsubclass
4) In the different package subclass
5) In the different package nonsubclass. ( )

*49. Explain about abstract classes in java?*

*Answer: *Sometimes we may come across a situation where we cannot
provide implementation to all the methods
in a class. We want to leave the implementation to a class that extends
it. In such a case, we declare a class
as abstract. To make a class abstract we use keyword abstract. Any class
that contains one or more
abstract methods is declared as abstract. If we don’t declare a class as
abstract which contains abstract
methods we get a compile-time error. We get the following error.
“The type must be an abstract class to define abstract methods.”
Signature; abstract class . ( python training online
<https://svrtechnologies.com/python-training/> )

For example, if we take a vehicle class we cannot provide implementation

to it because there may be two-wheelers, four-wheelers, etc. At that
moment we make vehicle class abstract. All the common features of
vehicles are declared as abstract methods in vehicle class. Any class
which extends the vehicle will provide
its method implementation. It’s the responsibility of subclass to
provide the implementation.
The important features of abstract classes are :
1) Abstract classes cannot be instantiated.
2) An abstract class contains abstract methods, concrete methods or both.
3) Any class which extends abstract class must override all methods of
an abstract class.
4) An abstract class can contain either 0 or more abstract methods.

Though we cannot instantiate abstract classes we can create object

references. Through superclass
references, we can point to subclass.
*50. Can we create a constructor in abstract class?*
*Answer: *We can create a constructor in the abstract class, it doesn’t
give any compilation error. But when we cannot
instantiate class there is no use in creating a constructor for abstract
class.

*51. What are abstract methods in java?*

*Answer: *An abstract method is a method which doesn’t have anybody. An
abstract method is declared with
keyword abstract and semicolon in place of the method body.
Signature : public abstract void ();
*Ex* : public abstract void get details();
It is the responsibility of subclass to provide implementation to an
abstract method defined in the abstract class.

*52. State some situations where exceptions may arise in java?*

*Answer:*
1) Accessing an element that does not exist in the array.
2) Invalid conversion of number to string and string to a number.
(NumberFormatException)
3) The invalid casting of class
(Class cast Exception)
4) Trying to create an object for interface or abstract class
(Instantiation Exception)

*53. What is an exception in java?*

*Answer:*
In java, an exception is an object. Exceptions are created when abnormal
situations arise in our
program. Exceptions can be created by JVM or by our application code.
All Exception classes are defined
in java.lang. In other words, we can say Exception as a run time error.

*54. What is an error in Java?*

*Answer: *Error is the subclass of Throwable class in java. When errors
are caused by our program we call that as
Exception, but some times exceptions are caused due to some
environmental issues such as running out of
memory. In such cases, we can’t handle the exceptions. Exceptions which
cannot be recovered are called
as errors in java.
Ex: Out of memory issues. ( data science training online
<https://svrtechnologies.com/data-science-training/> )

*55. What are the advantages of Exception handling in java?*

*Answer:*
1) Separating normal code from exception handling code to avoid abnormal
termination of the program.
2) Categorizing into different types of Exceptions so that rather than
handling all exceptions with
Exception root class we can handle with specific exceptions. It is
recommended to handle exceptions with
specific Exception instead of handling with Exception root class.
3) Call stack mechanism: If a method throws an exception and it is not
handled immediately, then that
exception is propagated or thrown to the caller of that method. This
propagation continues till it finds an
appropriate exception handler, if it finds handler it would be handled
otherwise program terminates
Abruptly.

*56. In how many ways we can create threads in java?*

*Answer:*
We can create threads in java by any of the two ways :
1) By extending Thread class
2) By implementing the Runnable interface.

*57. Explain creating threads by implementing Runnable class?*

*Answer: *This is the first and foremost way to create threads. By
implementing the runnable interface and implementing
the run() method we can create a new thread.
Method signature : public void run()
Run is the starting point for execution for another thread within our
program.
Example :
public class MyClass implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run()

*58. When do we use synchronized methods in java?*

*Answer: *If multiple threads try to access a method where the method
can manipulate the state of the object, in such
a scenario we can declare a method as synchronized.

*59. Explain the importance of finally block in java?*

*Answer: *Finally block is used for cleaning up of resources such as
closing connections, sockets, etc. if try block
executes with no exceptions then finally is called after try block
without executing catch block. If there is
an exception thrown in try block finally block executes immediately
after the catch block.
If an exception is thrown, finally block will be executed even if the no
catch block handles the exception.

*60. Can we catch more than one exception in a single catch block?*
*Answer: *From Java 7, we can catch more than one exception with a
single catch block. This type of handling reduces
the code duplication.
Note: When we catch more than one exception in a single catch block,
catch parameter is implicitly final.
We cannot assign any value to catch parameter.
Ex : catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException || ArithmeticException e)

In the above example, e is final we cannot assign any value or modify e

in the catch statement.

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Top 57 Core Java Programming Interview Questions And Answers

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