BEN LENNARD A.

CES
12 -Vector

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1. If an object is outside the focal point on a concave mirror, the image will be
a. virtual and inverted.
b. real and inverted.
c. virtual and upright.
d. none of the above.

2. Images formed by concave lenses are

a. real and inverted.
b. virtual.
c. enlarged.
d. none of the above.

3. A 20 cm tall object has a 40 cm tall virtual image. What is the magnification?

a. 0.5
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

4. A convex lens has a focal length of 25.5 cm. If an object is placed 72.5 cm from the lens, the
image's distance from the lense will be
a. 31.7 cm
b. 33.5 cm
c. 39.3 cm
d. none of the above.

5. Which type of mirror produces an image that is always erect, always the same height as the
object, and always virtual?
a. Concave
b. Convex
c. Plane
d. None of the above

6. A concave mirror has a radius of curvature of 1.6 m. The focal length is

a. 0.80 m.
b. 3.2 m.
c. 32 cm.
d. none of the above.
BEN LENNARD A. CES
12 -Vector
7. The bending of light as it travels from one medium into another is called
a. reflection.
b. diffraction.
c. refraction.
d. none of the above.

8. The law that describes the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of
reflection is called
a. the law of reflection.
b. the law of refraction.
c. a virtual image.
d. none of the above.

9. If your face is 62 cm in front of a plane mirror, where is the image of your face located?
a. 62 cm in front of the mirror
b. 62 cm in back of the mirror
c. 62 cm below the mirror
d. 31 cm in front of the mirror

10. Images created by convex mirrors are always

a. smaller than the object.
b. the same size as the object.
c. larger than the object.
d. none of the above.

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BEN LENNARD A. CES
12 -Vector
BEN LENNARD A. CES
12 -Vector
1. An angler observes a fish whose image is 10 m from the shore. Is this fish closer to or farther
from the shore than its image? Explain. Hint: Draw a ray diagram.

• The actual fish is closer to the shore than its image. The reason behind this is the light
refraction. Refraction is the bending of light (it also happens with sound, water and
other waves) as it passes from one transparent substance into another. As light ray is
travelling from water to air (medium of higher index of refraction to medium of lower
index of refraction), angle of refraction will be greater than the angle of incidence.
Since refraction of light occurs when it crosses the boundary, visual distortions often
occur. These distortions occur when light changes medium as it travels from the object
to our eyes. The light refracts at the boundary and the location where the angler is
sighting is not the same location as the actual fish.

2. Explain why reflection from a window consisting of a single pane of glass produces two
images.

• Double images are formed due to two reflections occurring at different surfaces. Any
time you have a change in the medium that light propagates through you will get a
partial reflection of the light. So, one reflection is from the front glass surface (air to
glass boundary), and one from the back glass surface (glass to air boundary).

3. Consider a diverging lens with an object in front of the lens. Prove that the image is always
virtual.

• Unlike converging lenses, diverging lenses always produce images that share same
characteristics - located on the object' side of the lens, a virtual image, an upright
image and reduced in size (i.e., smaller than the object). The location of the object does
not affect the characteristics of the image. As such, the characteristics of the images
formed by diverging lenses are easily predictable. A diverging lens always gives a
virtual image, because the refracted rays have to be extended back to meet. A
diverging lens will refract parallel rays so that they diverge from each other.
BEN LENNARD A. CES
12 -Vector

4. When you look at yourself at the center of two plane mirrors forming a 90˚ corner, your image
is not reversed from right to left. In other words, you see yourself like others see you. Using
a ray diagram, explain this observation.

• When you place two plane mirrors at a 90-degree angle, the image of the first mirror
is reflected in the second mirror so that the reversed mirror image is reversed again,
and you see a true image. The placement of images in the mirror will vary with the
distance of the person or object in front of the mirror. An image is the location in space
where all the reflected light appears to diverge from. Everyone viewing the image
would be sighting at the same location. Thus, if you were able to sight at the image
from at least two different locations and extend the lines of sight behind the mirror,
you would be able to determine the image location. This line of sight method is often
used in Physics labs to determine the location of the three images. The diagram below
shows the lines of sight that are required to view the three different images produced
by a right angle mirror system. Lines of sight are drawn for two different eye locations.
When these lines of sight are extended backwards, three intersection points are made
- one for each image.

5. In many convenience stores, a mirror is placed in a top corner of the store to allow the clerk
to have a full view of the store. Is this mirror spherical; concave or convex? Explain your
answer.

• Convex mirrors are commonly used in convenience stores for security purposes. A
convex mirror is one of the types of spherical mirror which usually forms image smaller
than the object. Additionally, the image formed by the convex mirror are virtual in
nature. All these characteristics of the convex mirror make it useful where a wider field
of view has to be obtained by the mirror.
BEN LENNARD A. CES
12 -Vector
6. Explain how a person swimming under water could observe total internal reflection and how
she would know when she saw it.

• Total internal reflection (TIR) is the optical phenomenon in which the surface of the
water when viewed from below the water level, reflects the underwater scene like a
mirror, with no loss of brightness. Total internal reflection can occur if the first index
of refraction is greater than the second. A similar effect can be observed by opening
one's eyes while swimming just below the water's surface and looking on the surface.
If the water is calm, the surface outside the critical angle (measured from the vertical)
appears mirror-like, reflecting objects below.

7. A pencil is placed in front of a plane mirror and is oriented parallel to the plane of the mirror.
Construct a careful ray diagram and use it to find the image of the pencil. Be sure to draw
several rays from at least two different points on the pencil (not just the tip)

8. Two plane mirrors are each L = 3.5 m long. They are parallel and are placed
0.25 m apart. If a light ray enters from one end as shown in Figure B, how
many reflections occur before it leaves the region between mirrors?
𝐿
𝑛=
(𝑑 )(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)

3.5 𝑚
𝑛=
(0.25 𝑚)(𝑡𝑎𝑛30°)

3.5 𝑚
𝑛=
(0.25 𝑚)(0.58)

3.5 𝑚
𝑛=
0.14 𝑚

𝑛 = 24.25

𝑛 = 24 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
BEN LENNARD A. CES
12 -Vector
12. A cat is located 4.5 m in front of a concave mirror. The mirror has a radius of 1.5 m.
Construct a ray diagram to scale following the steps outlined in the procedure for “Ray
Tracing Applied to Spherical Mirrors.”. (a) Where is the image of the cat? (b) Is this image
real or virtual? (c) If the image of the cat is 5.0 cm tall, how tall is the cat?

(a) Where is the image of the cat?

• As shown on the ray diagram, the image of the cat is close to the focus. The
image is formed in front of the concave mirror. It was inverted. The image point
is where the parallel ray, focal ray, and central ray intersect.

(b) Is this image real or virtual?

• The image that is formed is a real image. The image in which light rays from one
point on the object actually cross at the location of the image. It was in front of
the mirror hence it is a real image.

(c) If the image of the cat is 5.0 cm tall, how tall is the cat?

First, find the distance of the image

1 1 1
= −
𝑑𝑖 𝑓 𝑑𝑜

1 1 1
= −
𝑑𝑖 75 𝑐𝑚 450 𝑐𝑚

1 1
=
𝑑𝑖 90 𝑐𝑚

𝑑𝑖 = 90𝑐𝑚
BEN LENNARD A. CES
12 -Vector
−ℎ𝑖 ℎ𝑜
=
𝑑𝑖 𝑑𝑜

−(−5 𝑐𝑚) ℎ𝑜
=
90 𝑐𝑚 450 𝑐𝑚

(ℎ𝑜)(90 𝑐𝑚) = 2250 𝑐𝑚

2250 𝑐𝑚
(ℎ𝑜)(90 𝑐𝑚) =
90

ℎ𝑜 = 25 𝑐𝑚

13. A monster is 10 m in front of a convex mirror and appears with a magnification of 0.50.
What is the radius of curvature of the mirror?

Find the image distance

−𝑑𝑖
𝑚=
𝑑𝑜

𝑑𝑖
0.50 = −
10 𝑚

𝑑𝑖 = − 5 𝑚

Find the focal length

1 1 1
= +
𝑓 𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑖

1 1 1
= +
𝑓 10 𝑚 −5 𝑚

1 1
=−
𝑓 10 𝑚

𝑓 = −10 𝑐𝑚

Find the radius of curvature

𝑅
𝑓=
2

𝑅
−10 𝑐𝑚 =
2

𝑅 = −20 𝑐𝑚
BEN LENNARD A. CES
12 -Vector
14. An object is 45 cm to the left of a lens, and the image is 25 cm, to the left of the lens. What
is the magnification?

−𝑑𝑖
𝑚=
𝑑𝑜

−25 𝑐𝑚
𝑚=
45 𝑐𝑚

𝑚 = −0.56

15. A fly appears to be upside down and twice its actual size when viewed through a converging
lens with a focal length of 5.5 cm. How far is the fly from the lens?

−𝑑𝑖
𝑚= also 𝑚 = 2
𝑑𝑜

So
−𝑑𝑖
2=
𝑑𝑜

𝑑𝑖 = 2 (𝑑𝑜)

Apply the concept

1 1 1
= +
𝑓 𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑖

1 1 1
= +
5.5 𝑐𝑚 𝑑𝑜 2(𝑑𝑜)

1 1 1
= (1 + )
5.5 𝑐𝑚 𝑑𝑜 2

1 1
= (1.5)
5.5 𝑐𝑚 𝑑𝑜

1 1.5
=
5.5 𝑐𝑚 𝑑𝑜

𝑑𝑜 = 8.25 𝑐𝑚
BEN LENNARD A. CES
12 -Vector

16. A converging lens with a focal length of 25 cm is used to form an image on a screen that is
3.0 m from the lens. Where must the object be placed?

1 1 1
= −
𝑑𝑜 𝑓 𝑑𝑖

1 1 1
= −
𝑑𝑜 25 𝑐𝑚 300 𝑐𝑚

1 11
=
𝑑𝑜 300 𝑐𝑚

(11)(𝑑𝑜) = 300 𝑐𝑚

(11)(𝑑𝑜) 300 𝑐𝑚
=
11 11

𝑑𝑜 = 27.27 𝑐𝑚