DPKP

2. Penentuan posisi dan ketepatan atas hasil akhir penentuan posisi

menggunakan berbagai cara.
(Determine position and the accuracy of resultant position fix by any
means )

1. The position of the ship is found by taking a series of bearings using a magnetic
compass. How should an error of 5 degrees WEST be
applied to the compass bearings?
A. Subtract 5 degrees to the bearings
B. Add the 5 degrees to the bearings
C. The same error applies to all bearings and therefore
it can be ignored
D. The error should be "High" or "Low" and therefore more information is
require

2. The positions of the ship provided by the GPS should always be confirmed by other
means, when possible. Which of the following suggested methods would be the
most accurate?
A. The ranges of three distinctive shore objects on the
radar.
B. Compass bearings of three shore objects
C. Bearing and distance from a navigational Buoy
D. Bearing using the Radio Direction Finding of three radio beacons

3. What is important to check when transferring a position

from the GPS output to a paper chart?
A. Any necessary corrections are applied to convert
between the GPS datum and the chart datum
B. It is important to ensure that the GPS is setup on
2 dimensional and not 3 dimensional position
fixes.
C. Ensure that the GPS is setup on the same datum as the chart
D. Ensure that the chart has been corrected up to date.

4. When navigating using the GPS, how does the GPS display indicate when the

34
 DPKP

accuracy of the displayed position is reduced?

A. A large HDOP value is displayed on the screen
B. A large "Correction Factor" number is displayed
on the screen
C. The GPS display flashes and sounds an alarm
D. The GPS display is always very accurate and does
not give any indication of lack of accuracy.

5. Which of the following figures drawn on the plane of the Meridian is correct for an
observer in position Latitude 30°00' North; Longitude 15°00' West, when observing
the sun on the meridian, if the sun's Declination is 15°00' South?
A. Figure 4 is correct.
B. Figure 1 is correct.
C. Figure 2 is correct.
D. Figure 3 is correct.

6. Which of the four calculations illustrated is the correct one to determine the latitude
of the observer when the sun is on the meridian?
A. Calculation 3 is correct.
B. Calculation 1 is correct.
C. Calculation 2 is correct.
D. Calculation 4 is correct.

7. Which of the four figures illustrated shows the correct position line for the
following situation: Latitude 50°00'N, Longitude 30°00'W, Time 1200 GMT.
Course steered: 090° True, Speed: 12 knots, bearing of the sun: 200°, Intercept
correction: 00°02' Towards (observed altitude - computed altitude).
A. Figure 2 is correct.
B. Figure 1 is correct.
C. Figure 3 is correct.
D. Figure 4 is correct.

8. A vessel's position should be plotted using bearings of __________.

A. Buoys close at hand
35
 DPKP

B. Fixed known objects on shore

C. Buoys at a distance
D. All of the above

9. If Loran-C signals become unsynchronized, the receiver operator is warned because

__________.
A. Signals begin to blink
B. Signals begin to shift
C. Stations discontinue transmission
D. Stations transmit grass

10. When using a buoy as an aid to navigation which of the following should be
considered?
A. The buoy should be considered to always be in the charted location.
B. If the light is flashing, the buoy should be considered to be in the charted
location.
C. The buoy may not be in the charted position.
D. The buoy should be considered to be in the charted position if it has been
freshly painte

11. When taking an amplitude, the Sun's center should be observed on the visible
horizon when __________.
A. In high latitudes
B. The Sun is near or at a solstice
C. The declination is of a different name from the latitude
D. The Sun's declination is at or near 0°

36
 DPKP

12. When navigating a vessel, you __________.

A. Can always rely on a buoy to be on station
B. Can always rely on a buoy to show proper light characteristics
C. Should assume a wreck buoy is directly over the wreck
D. Should never rely on a floating aid to maintain its exact position

13. Civil twilight begins at 1910 zone time on 20 July 1981. Your DR position at that
time is LAT 22°16'N, LONG 150°06'W. Which statement concerning the planets
available for evening sights is TRUE?
A. Venus will have a westerly meridian angle.
B. Mars will set about one hour after the Sun sets.
C. Mars, Venus, Jupiter, and Saturn will be above the horizon.
D. Sights of Saturn, Jupiter, and Venus will yield a good three-line-of-position
fix.

14. When should a navigator rely on the position of floating aids to navigation?
A. During calm weather only
B. During daylight only
C. Only when inside a harbor
D. Only when fixed aids are not available

15. While steering a course of 150°T, you wish to observe a body for a latitude check.
What would the azimuth have to be?
A. 000°T
B. 090°T
C. 150°T
D. 240°T

16. For navigational purposes, each great circle on the Earth has a length of
__________.
A. 3,600 miles
B. 5,400 miles
C. 12,500 miles

37
 DPKP

D. 21,600 miles
17. The LMT of LAN is 1210. Your longitude is 70°30'E. Which time would you use
to enter the Nautical Almanac to determine the declination of the Sun at LAN?
A. 1842
B. 1652
C. 0728
D. 0652

18. A position obtained by taking lines of position from one object at different times
and advancing them to a common time is a(n) __________.
A. Dead-reckoning position
B. Estimated position
C. Fix
D. Running fix

19. The parallax angle will vary the most with the time of year for __________.
A. Venus
B. Jupiter
C. Saturn
D. Polaris

20. The zone time of LAN is 1152. Your longitude is 73°15'E. What time would you
use to enter the Nautical Almanac to determine the declination of the Sun at LAN?
A. 065
B. 0652
C. 1859
D. 1852

21. A single line of position combined with a dead-reckoning position results in a(n)
__________.
A. Assumed position
B. Estimated position
C. Fix
D. Running fix
38
 DPKP

22. The rate of increase in hour angle is the slowest for __________.
A. The Sun
B. The Moon
C. Mars
D. Mercury

23. All Loran-C transmitting stations are equipped with cesium frequency standards
which permit __________.
A. Every station in one chain to transmit at the same tim
B. Each station to transmit without reference to another station
C. On-line transmission of single-line transmitters at the same time
D. Each station to only depend on the master for synchronization and signal
ratio

24. Your longitude is 179°59'W. The LMT at this longitude is 23h 56m of the 4th day
of the month. Six minutes later your position is 179°59'E longitude. Your LMT and
date is now __________.
A. 00h 02m on the 4th
B. 00h 02m on the 5th
C. 23h 50m on the 5th
D. 00h 02m on the 6th

25. Which position includes the effects of wind and current?

A. Dead reckoning position
B. Leeway position
C. Estimated position
D. Set position

26. The GHA of the first point of Aries is 315° and the GHA of a planet is 150°. What
is the right ascension of the planet?
A. 7 hours
B. 11 hours

39
 DPKP

C. 19 hours
D. 23 hours
27. The time interval between the transmission of signals from a pair of Loran-C
stations is very closely controlled and operates with __________.
A. An atomic time standar
B. Daylight Savings Time
C. Eastern Standard Time
D. Greenwich Mean Time

28. The difference in local time between an observer on 114°W and one on 119°W is
__________.
A. 1.25 minute
B. 5 minutes
C. 20 minutes
D. 75 minutes

29. A position that is obtained by applying estimated current and wind to your vessel's
course and speed is a(n) __________.
A. Dead reckoning position
B. Estimated position
C. Fix
D. None of the above

30. A position that is obtained by using two or more intersecting lines of position taken
at nearly the same time, is a(n) __________.
A. Dead-reckoning position
B. Estimated position
C. Fix
D. Running fix

31. The date is the same all over the world at __________.
A. 0000 GM
B. 1200 GMT
C. 0000 LMT for an observer at 90°E longitude
40
 DPKP

D. No time

32. What describes an accurate position that is NOT based on any prior position?
A. Dead-reckoning position
B. Estimated position
C. Fix
D. Running fix

33. If the radio signal ground wave extends out for less distance than the minimum
skywave distance, there is an area in which no signal is receive This is called the
__________.
A. Skip zone
B. Blackout zone
C. Diffraction zone
D. Shadow zone

34. How many fixed objects are needed to plot a running fix?
A. None
B. One
C. Two
D. Three

35. The part of a sextant mounted directly over the pivot of the index arm is the
__________.
A. Index mirror
B. Horizon glass
C. Micrometer drum
D. Telescope

36. On 6 July 1981, at 1000 zone time, you cross the 180th meridian steaming westwar
What is your local time?
A. It is 1000, 5 July
B. It is 1000, 6 July.
C. It is 2200, 7 July.
41
 DPKP

D. It is 1000, 7 July.

37. The horizon glass of a sextant is __________.

A. Silvered on its half nearer the frame
B. Mounted on the index arm
C. Between the horizon and the shade glasses
D. All of the above

38. Civil twilight occurs at 0558 zone time on 30 December 1981. Your DR position at
that time is LAT 15°02'N, LONG 46°02'W. Which statement concerning the
planets available for morning sights is TRUE?
A. At 0558, Mars can be used for an ex-meridian observation.
B. Venus, Jupiter, and Mars sights will yield a good three line fix
C. Saturn will be near the prime vertical.
D. Venus will be visible low in the western sky.

39. When navigating using GPS, what is an indicator of the geometry of the satellites
that your receiver is locked onto?
A. Horizontal Dilution of Precision
B. Selective Availability
C. Doppler Shifting
D. Precision Coding

40. Because of the reflecting properties of a sextant, if the sextant altitude reads 60° on
the limb, the actual arc of the limb from 0° to the 60° reading is __________.
A. 20°
B. 30°
C. 40°
D. 60°

41. The difference between local apparent time (LAT) and local mean time (LMT) is
indicated by the __________.
A. Equation of time
B. Difference of longitude between the local and central meridian in time unit
42
 DPKP

C. Longitude in time units

D. Zone description
42. Which aid is NOT marked on a chart with a magenta circle?
A. Radar station
B. Radar transponder beacon
C. Radio beacon
D. Aero light

43. When using GPS, how many theoretical position lines are required for a two-
dimensional fix?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

44. A sextant having an index error that is "on the arc" has a __________.
A. Positive correction
B. Dip error
C. Negative correction
D. Semidiameter error

45. The equation of time is 12m 00s and the mean Sun is ahead of the apparent Sun. If
you are on the central meridian of your time zone, at what zone time will the
apparent Sun cross the meridian?
A. 1148
B. 1200
C. 1212
D. It cannot be determined from the information given.

46. At 0000 you fix your position and plot a new DR track line. At 0200 you again fix
your position and it is 0.5 mile east of your DR. Which statement is TRUE?
A. The current is westerly at 0.5 knot.
B. You must increase speed to compensate for the current.
C. The current cannot be determine
43
 DPKP

D. The drift is 0.25 knot.

47. A sextant having an index error that is "off the arc" has a __________.
A. Positive correction
B. Dip error
C. Negative correction
D. Semidiameter error

48. The equation of time is 8m 40s. The apparent Sun is ahead of the mean Sun. If you
are on the central meridian of your time zone, the apparent Sun will cross your
meridian at __________.
A. 11-51-20 ZT
B. 12-00-00 ZT
C. 12-04-20 ZT
D. 12-08-40 ZT

49. When using GPS, how many theoretical position lines are required for a three-
dimensional fix that takes into account altitude?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

50. Which of the four adjustable errors in the sextant is the principle cause of index
error?
A. Telescope not being parallel to the frame
B. Index mirror and horizon glass not being parallel
C. Index mirror not being perpendicular to the frame
D. Horizon glass not being perpendicular to the frame

51. It is 1200 local time for an observer at 54°E longitude. Which statement is TRUE?
A. It is afternoon at Greenwich.
B. It is midnight at 126°E longitude.
C. The observer is in time zone -4.
44
 DPKP

D. All of the above are true.

52. Which of the four adjustable errors in the sextant causes side error?
A. Horizon glass not being perpendicular to the frame
B. Index mirror not being perpendicular to the frame
C. Telescope not being parallel to the frame
D. Elliptical centering error

53. The marine sextant is subject to seven different types of errors, four of which may
be corrected by the navigator. An error NOT correctable by the navigator is
__________.
A. Index error
B. Prismatic error
C. Perpendicularity of the horizon glass
D. Perpendicularity of the index mirror

54. When using a radar in a unstabilized mode, fixes are determined most easily from
__________.
A. Center bearings
B. Tangent bearings
C. Ranges
D. Objects that are close aboard

55. A position obtained by crossing lines of position taken at different times and
advanced to a common time is a(n) __________.
A. Running fi
B. Dead-reckoning position
C. Fix
D. Estimated position

56. The true wind is from 330°T, speed 6 knots. You want the apparent wind to be 30
knots from 10° on your port bow. To what course and speed must you change?
A. Cn 240°, 28.0 knots

45
 DPKP

B. Cn 270°, 28.0 knots

C. Cn 180°, 30.0 knots
D. Cn 090°, 32.5 knots
57. What is a nonadjustable error of the sextant?
A. Prismatic error
B. Index error
C. Side error
D. Error of collimation

58. The difference (measured in degrees) between the GHA of the body and the
longitude of the observer is the __________.
A. Right ascension
B. Meridian angle
C. SHA of the observe
D. Zenith distance

59. In order to remove index error from a sextant, you should adjust the __________.
A. Index mirror to make it parallel to the horizon glass with the index set at
zero
B. Horizon glass to make it parallel to the index mirror with the index set at
zero
C. Horizon glass to make it parallel to the sextant frame
D. Telescope to make it perpendicular to the sextant frame

60. Vessels required to have an Automatic Radar Plotting Aid must have a device to
indicate the __________.
A. Distance to the next port
B. Speed of the vessel over the ground or through the water
C. Time of the next navigational satellite pass
D. None of the above

61. The position accuracy of Loran-C degrades with increasing distance from the
transmitting stations as __________.
A. Gains are made over the signal path
46
 DPKP

B. A result of variation in propagation conditions

C. The frequency of the pulses increases
D. The stations shift pulses
62. The index error is determined by adjusting the __________.
A. Sextant frame
B. Horizon glass
C. Index mirror
D. Micrometer drum

63. What is the geographic longitude of a body whose GHA is 232°27'?

A. 127°33'E
B. 52°27'E
C. 61°52'W
D. 61°52'E

64. A polyconic projection is based on a __________.

A. Plane tangent at one point
B. Cylinder tangent at one parallel
C. Cone tangent at one parallel
D. Series of cones tangent at selected parallels

65. A marine sextant has the index arm set at zero and the reflected image of the
horizon forms a continuous line with the actual image. When the sextant is rotated
about the line of sight the images separate. The sextant has __________.
A. Error of perpendicularity
B. Side error
C. Prismatic error
D. Centering error

66. A navigator fixing a vessel's position by radar __________.

A. Should never use radar bearings
B. Should only use radar bearings when the range exceeds the distance to the
horizon
C. Can use radar information from one object to fix the position
47
 DPKP

D. Must use information from targets forward of the beam

67. During the month of October the Sun's declination is __________.

A. North and increasing
B. North and decreasing
C. South and increasing
D. South and decreasing

68. If the radar scanner of one ship is at the same height as the cargo deck of the other
during transfer operations, which type of radar would pose a greater danger of the
induced ignition ?
A. A 3 cm radar.
B. A 10cm radar.
C. Neither a 10 cm or a 3 cm radar.
D. Both a 10 cm and 3 cm radar.

69. A ship's position is best plotted by bearings from ____________.

A. The radar of the nearest land
B. The radio direction finder
C. Buoys close at hand
D. Fixed known objects on the shore

70. In Loran C ___________.

A. The master and secondary stations transmits 8 pulses each
B. The master station transmits one long pulse and the secondary stations
transmit 8 short pulses each
C. The master station transmits 9 pulses and the secondary stations transmit 8
pulses each
D. The master station transmits 8 pulses and the secondary stations transmit 9
pulses each

48
 DPKP

71. In Mercator sailing ________---.

A. D'long / DMP = Tan course
B. Dep / d'long = Cos Course
C. DMP = d'long x Secant Course
D. DMP = d'lat x Secant Course

72. Plotting position using the method of a running fix is used when _______.
A. Three bearing position lines are available of different objects
B. Only one bearing line is available
C. Two bearing lines from two different objects are available
D. A bearing and distance off a navigational mark is available

73. The DMP between latitude 20? 30' N and latitude 10? 15' S is _________.
A. 1863.07
B. 634.77
C. 1248.92
D. 614.15

74. The Decca green zone has ________.

A. 18 lanes
B. 24 lanes
C. 30 lanes
D. 72 lanes

75. A vertical sextant angle gives _________.

A. The height of a bridge above sea level
B. A position line
C. A position circle
D. The ullage of a tank

49
 DPKP

76. From the following data: Sextant altitude (LL): 38?12.4'; Index error : 3.0' on the
arc; Corr'n for HE : 6.6'; Total corr'n for sun : for UL -17.0' , for LL + 14.8. What is
the true altitude of the Sun's Lower limb?
A. 38?30.8'
B. 38?17.6'
C. 37?45.8'
D. 38?23.6'

77. What will be the d?Long for departure of 66.5? When the ship is on m?Lat of 29
degrees N.
A. 137?
B. 76?
C. 36.8?
D. 77.0?

78. The SHA of star "VEGA" to the nearest minute is _______.

A. 137?18'
B. 96?37'
C. 80?47'
D. 90?52'

79. Coastal radio navigational warnings are issued _____.

A. By port and harbour authorities within their respective limits
B. By the meteorological department of that country
C. By the mercantile marine department of that country
D. By national broadcasting corporations

80. The azimuth of a body whose LHA is 195? Will be _____.

50
 DPKP

A. Westerly
B. Easterly
C. Northerly
D. Southerly

81. Which of the following methods do you think will give the most accurate ship?S
position?
A. Doubling angle on the bow.
B. One bearing and distance of one object.
C. Two distances off two objects subtending an angle of about 90 degrees.
D. A three point bearing.

82. When calibrating a sextant for Index Error using the Sun the micrometer reading
'off the arc' was 32.8' and on the arc was 32.0'. What is the index error of the
sextant?
A. 0.8' off the arc
B. 0.4' off the arc
C. 0.8' on the arc
D. 0.4' on the arc

83. In latitude 42 36? N, a ship sails due east from Longitude 26 30? W to longitude 21
12? W . What departure has she made?
A. 234.08 miles
B. 234.00 miles
C. 235.00 miles
D. 235.08 miles

84. To fix the ship's position by horizontal sextant angle you need at least _____.
A. 1 object
B. 2 objects
C. 3 objects
D. 4 objects

51
 DPKP

85. The LHA of the body when on the observer's meridian is _______.
A. 360?
B. 090?
C. 180?
D. 270?

86. Your DR latitude is 10?S. A body whose declination in 20?S when setting makes
an angle of 30? At the observer's zenith. What is its azimuth?
A. 150?
B. 330?
C. 030?
D. 270?

87. The chronometer which was losing 8 seconds every day was 4m 48s fast on GMT
on 20th March. What will be the error on 4th April?
A. 5m 48s
B. 6m 48s
C. 2m 48s
D. 3m 48s

88. The method used to plot ship?S position when only one navigational mark is
available and radar cannot be used to find the distance off is called ____________.
A. A running fix
B. Plotting by DR Latitude and bearing line
C. Plotting by DR longitude and bearing line
D. Course line intersection technique

89. A fixed quantity of Mercury will weigh more at ___________.

A. The Equator
B. 30?N Latitude
C. 30?S Latitude
D. 80?N Latitude

52
 DPKP

90. The difference between local apparent time (LAT) and local mean time (LMT) is
indicated by the __________.
A. Equation of time
B. Difference of longitude between the local and central meridian in time units
C. Longitude in time units
D. Zone description

91. When the equation of time is taken from the Nautical Almanac for use in celestial
navigation, it is used to determine __________.
A. Zone time
B. Sunrise
C. Time of local apparent noon
D. Local mean time

92. 90° - Ho = __________.

A. Sextant altitude
B. Co-latitude
C. LHA
D. Zenith distance

93. The values of the Greenwich hour angle and declination, tabulated in all almanacs,
are for the __________.
A. Upper limb of a celestial body
B. Lower limb of a celestial body
C. Centers of the various celestial bodies
D. Lower limb of the Sun and Moon; center of the stars and planets

94. When using horizontal sextant angles of three objects to fix your position, an
indeterminate position will result in which situation?
A. The objects lie in a straight line.
B. The vessel is inside of a triangle formed by the objects.
C. The vessel is outside of a triangle formed by the objects.
D. A circle will pass through your position and the three objects.

53
 DPKP

95. When navigating in high latitudes and using a chart based on a Lambert conformal
projection, __________.
A. A straight line drawn on the chart approximates a great circle
B. The chart should not be used outside of the standard parallels
C. The course angle is measured at the mid-longitude of the track line
D. Distance cannot be measured directly from the chart

96. The height of eye correction is smaller than geometrical dip because of
__________.
A. The angle between the horizontal and the line of sight to the visible horizon
B. Index error
C. Parallax
D. Terrestrial refraction

97. When using horizontal sextant angles of three objects to fix your position, an
indeterminate position will result in which situation?
A. The objects lie in a straight line.
B. The vessel is inside of a triangle formed by the objects.
C. The vessel is outside of a triangle formed by the objects.
D. A circle will pass through your position and the three objects.

98. For what purpose would using a Lambert conformal chart be more convenient than
using a Mercator?
A. Plotting radio bearings over a long distance
B. Determining latitude and longitude of a fix
C. Measuring rhumb line distances
D. Measuring rhumb line directions

99. When applying a dip correction to the sighted sextant angle (hs), you always
subtract the dip because you are correcting __________.
A. Hs to the visible horizon
B. Hs to the sensible horizon
C. Hs to the celestial horizon
D. Ho to the celestial horizon
54
 DPKP

100. A correction for augmentation is included in the Nautical Almanac corrections for
__________.
A. The Sun
B. The Moon
C. Venus
D. None of the above
101. A semidiameter correction is applied to observations of __________.
A. Mars
B. The Moon
C. Jupiter
D. All of the above

102. A gnomonic projection is based on a(n) __________.

A. Plane tangent at one point
B. Cylinder tangent at the equator
C. Cone tangent at one parallel
D. Infinite series of cones tangent at selected parallels

103. You are approaching a light fitted with a RACON. The light may be identified on
the radar by __________.
A. A dashed line running from the center of the scope to the light
B. An audible signal when the sweep crosses the light
C. A circle appearing on the scope surrounding the light
D. A coded signal appearing on the same bearing at a greater range than the
light

104. The error in the measurement of the altitude of a celestial body, caused by
refraction, increases as the __________.
A. Horizontal parallax decrease
B. Observer's height above sea level increases
C. Humidity of the atmosphere decreases
D. Altitude of the body decreases

55
 DPKP

105. A line of position derived by radar range from an identified point on a coast will
be a(n) __________.
A. Straight line
B. Arc
C. Parabola
D. Line parallel to the coast

106. The small circle of the celestial sphere parallel to the celestial equator, and
transcribed by the daily motion of the body, is called the __________.
A. Hour circle of the body
B. Parallel of declination
C. Vertical circle of the body
D. Parallel of altitude

107. With regard to GPS, a civilian receiver may be capable of achieving the same
accuracy as a military receiver if __________.
A. Selective availability is set to zero
B. The satellites are all below 15° in elevation
C. Your vessel is equipped with a Doppler receiver
D. The horizontal dilution of precision is high

108. In the celestial equator system of coordinates, what is comparable to latitude on

the terrestrial sphere?
A. Altitude
B. Right ascension
C. Celestial meridians
D. Declination

109. You are using a radar in which your own ship is shown at the center, and the
heading flash always points to 0°. If bearings are measured in relation to the flash,
what type of bearings are produced?
A. Relative
B. True
C. Compass
56
 DPKP

D. Magnetic

110. A line of position formed by sighting two charted objects in line is called a(n)
__________.
A. Relative bearing
B. Range line
C. Track line
D. Estimated position

111. At about GMT 1436, on 3 December 1981, the lower limb of the Moon is
observed with a sextant having an index error of 2.5' on the ar The height of eye is
32 feet. The sextant altitude (hs) is 3°38.8'. What is the observed altitude?
A. Ho 4°18.6'
B. Ho 4°29.1'
C. Ho 4°36.3'
D. Ho 4°42.2'

112. On 21 January 1981, you observe a back sight of the Sun's lower lim The sextant
altitude (hs) is 121°31.5'. The index error is 2.5' on the ar The height of eye is 31
feet (9.3 meters). What is the observed altitude (Ho)?
A. 31°06.2'
B. 58°53.1'
C. 58°12.2'
D. 58°03.2'

113. What great circle is always needed to form the astronomical triangle?
A. Celestial Equator
B. Prime Meridian
C. Celestial Meridian
57
 DPKP

D. Prime Vertical Circle

114. On 16 January 1981, you take a sight of a star. The sextant altitude (hs) is 4°33.0'.
The temperature is -10°C, and the barometer reads 992 millibars. The height of eye
is 42 feet. The index error is 1.9' off the ar What is the observed altitude (Ho)?
A. 4°10.2'
B. 4°14.3'
C. 4°17.0'
D. 4°24.1'

115. To measure distance on a Mercator chart between the parallels of LAT 34°30'N
and LAT 31°30'N, which 30 mile scale should be used?
A. 33°00'N to 33°30'N
B. 32°30'N to 33°00'N
C. 32°45'N to 33°15'N
D. 32°15'N to 32°45'N

116. Radar makes the most accurate determination of the __________.

A. Direction of a target
B. Distance to a target
C. Size of a target
D. Shape of a target

117. You plot a fix using three lines of position and find they intersect in a triangle.
The actual position of the vessel __________.
A. Is outside of the triangle
B. May be anywhere in the triangle
C. May be inside or outside of the triangle
D. Is the geometric center of the triangle
58
 DPKP

118. The magnitude of three stars is indicate Which star is the brightest?
A. Antares + 1.2
B. Altair + 0.9
C. Vega + 0.1
D. Cannot be determined; magnitude indicates size not brightness

119. Concerning a celestial observation, the azimuth angle is measured from the
principal vertical circle to the ____________ .
A. Greenwich celestial meridian
B. Hour circle of the body
C. Local celestial meridian
D. Vertical circle of the body

120. You are on course 238°T. To check the course of your vessel you should observe
a celestial body on which bearing?
A. 180°
B. 238°
C. 328°
D. 090°

121. A line connecting all possible positions of your vessel at any given time is a
__________.
A. Longitude line
B. Latitude line
C. Line of position
D. Fix

122. 122: When using GPS without Selective Availability, you may expect your
horizontal accuracy to be better than __________.
A. 3 meter
B. 20 meters
C. 100 meters
D. 200 meters
59
 DPKP

123. Which data must ECDIS be able to record at one-minute intervals?

A. Position
B. Electronic navigational chart source
C. Course made good history
D. All of the above

124. With respect to failure warnings and status indications, GPS receivers should
provide, at a minimum, __________.
A. An indication within 5 seconds if the specified HDOP has been exceeded
B. A warning of loss of position
C. A differential GPS status indication of the receipt of DGPS signals
D. All of the above

125. Which feature, when set to zero, might allow a GPS unit to have an accuracy
equivalent to Precise Positioning Service receiver capability?
A. Transi
B. Selective Availability
C. Auto-correlation
D. Anti-spoofing

126. The highest level of commercial navigational accuracy is provided by

__________.
A. DGPS, within a coverage area
B. SPS, without selective availability
C. PPS, without selective availability
D. NAVSAT, using the Doppler-shift

60