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Open Methods Secant Method: Algorithm

The document describes the secant method algorithm for numerically finding the root of a non-linear function. It provides an example of using the secant method to find the real root of f(x) = 3x + sinx - ex to within a tolerance of 10-6, obtaining a root of 0.360420. It also gives another example of using the bisection method and secant method to solve other non-linear equations within specified tolerances.

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beena saleem
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73 views

Open Methods Secant Method: Algorithm

The document describes the secant method algorithm for numerically finding the root of a non-linear function. It provides an example of using the secant method to find the real root of f(x) = 3x + sinx - ex to within a tolerance of 10-6, obtaining a root of 0.360420. It also gives another example of using the bisection method and secant method to solve other non-linear equations within specified tolerances.

Uploaded by

beena saleem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Numerical solution of non-linear equations Secant method Instructor: Miss Urooj

Open Methods
Secant Method
Algorithm
To determine the value of 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 0, given two values 𝑥𝑜 and 𝑥1 that are near the
root.
Repeat
𝑥𝑜 −𝑥1
𝑥2 = 𝑥1 − 𝑓 (𝑥1 ) ∗
𝑓(𝑥𝑜 )− 𝑓(𝑥1 )

Set 𝑥𝑜 = 𝑥1
Else 𝑥1 = 𝑥2
Until |𝑓(𝑥2 )| < tolerance level

1
Numerical solution of non-linear equations Secant method Instructor: Miss Urooj

Question: Use secant Method to determine a real root of


𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 . Using the tolerance value of 10−6 .
Solution: (convert the mode of calculator in radians)
Let 𝑥𝑜 = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥1 = 0
At, 𝑥𝑜 = −1 , 𝑓(𝑥𝑜 ) = −4.209350
And at, 𝑥1 = 0, 𝑓 (𝑥1 ) = −1
𝑥𝑜 − 𝑥1
𝑥2 = 𝑥1 − 𝑓 (𝑥1 ) ∗
𝑓 (𝑥𝑜 ) − 𝑓 (𝑥1 )
𝑥2𝑛𝑒𝑤 − 𝑥2𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝜀𝑎 = | | ∗ 100
𝑥2𝑛𝑒𝑤
−1−0
𝑥2 = 0 − (−1) ∗
−4.209350−(−1)

0−0.3115896
𝑥2 = 0.3115896 − (−0.124253) ∗
−1−(−0.124253 )

𝜺𝒂
Iterations 𝒙𝒐 𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟐 f(𝒙𝟐 )

0 -1 0 0.3115896 -0.124253 --

1 0 0.3115896 0.346503 -0.0349940 10.0659%

2 0.3115896 0.346503 0.360161 -6.5229∗ 10−4 3.7922%

3 0.346503 0.360161 0.360420 -4.2605∗ 10−6 0.0719%

A real root of given equation is 0.360420 with tolerance 0.000001.

2
Numerical solution of non-linear equations Secant method Instructor: Miss Urooj

Question: Use bisection method to find solutions accurate to within 10−2 for the
following problem
1. 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 5 = 0, [1, 4]
Solution (1):
At, 𝑥𝑜 = 1 , 𝑓 (𝑥𝑜 ) = −6
And at, 𝑥1 = 4, 𝑓 (𝑥1 ) = 27
𝑥𝑜 − 𝑥1
𝑥2 = 𝑥1 − 𝑓 (𝑥1 ) ∗
𝑓 (𝑥𝑜 ) − 𝑓 (𝑥1 )
𝑥2𝑛𝑒𝑤 − 𝑥2𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝜀𝑎 = | | ∗ 100
𝑥2𝑛𝑒𝑤

Iterations 𝒙𝒐 𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟐 f(𝒙𝟐 ) 𝜺𝒂

0 1 4 1.545455 -6.08565 --

1 4 1.545455 1.996934 -5.012225 22.608609%

2 1.545455 1.996934 4.105063 30.473574 51.354364%

3 1.996934 4.105063 2.294699 -3.44822 78.89331%

4 4.105063 2.294699 2.478726 -2.058665 7.4242575%

5 2.294699 2.478726 2.751368 0.687876 9.9093251%

6 2.478726 2.751368 2.683084 -0.082514 2.5449818%

A real root of given equation is 2.683084, accurate up to two decimal places.

3
Numerical solution of non-linear equations Secant method Instructor: Miss Urooj

Question: Use secant method to find solutions accurate to within 10−6 for the
following problems. Also calculate absolute and percentage relative error.
𝐥𝐧(𝒙 − 𝟏) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒙 − 𝟏) = 𝟎, 𝟏. 𝟑 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐
Solution: (convert the mode of calculator in radians)
At, 𝑥𝑜 = 1.3 , 𝑓 (𝑥𝑜 ) = -0.2486363
And at, 𝑥1 = 2, 𝑓 (𝑥1 ) =0.54030231
𝑥𝑜 − 𝑥1
𝑥2 = 𝑥1 − 𝑓 (𝑥1 ) ∗
𝑓 (𝑥𝑜 ) − 𝑓 (𝑥1 )
If 𝑓(𝑥2 ) is of opposite sign to 𝑓 (𝑥𝑜 ) Then
Set 𝑥0 = 𝑥1
Else 𝑥1 = 𝑥2
Absolute Error 𝜀𝑎′ = |𝑥2𝑛𝑒𝑤 − 𝑥2𝑜𝑙𝑑 |
𝑥2𝑛𝑒𝑤 −𝑥2𝑜𝑙𝑑
Percentage Relative Error 𝜀𝑎 = | | ∗ 100
𝑥2𝑛𝑒𝑤
1.3−2
𝑥2 = 2 − 0.54030231 ∗ −0.2486363−0.54030231

2 − 1.520607
𝑥2 = 1.520607 − 0.2147576 ∗
0.54030231 − 0.2147576
1.204358−1.520607
𝜀𝑎 = | 1.204358
| ∗ 100

𝜀𝑎′ = |1.204358 − 1.520607|

Iterations 𝒙𝒐 𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟐 f(𝒙𝟐 ) 𝜺′𝒂 𝜺𝒂

0 1.3 2 1.520607 0.2147576 --- ---

1 2 1.520607 1.204358 -0.6086920 0.3162494 26.25872%

2 1.520607 1.204358 1.438128 0.0803041 0.2337708 16.255159%

3 1.204358 1.438128 1.410882 0.0273195 0.0272465 1.9311324%

4
Numerical solution of non-linear equations Secant method Instructor: Miss Urooj

4 1.438128 1.410882 1.396833 -0.0019495 0.0140487 1.0057752%

5 1.410882 1.396833 1.397769 0.0000437 0.0009357 0.0669639%

6 1.396833 1.397769 1.397749 0.0000001= 0.0000205 0.0014309%

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