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Spanish Conjugation Chart

Simple Tenses

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This chart presents conjugation for all simple
tenses of the Indicativo mood.

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How to Conjugate Spanish Verbs
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 Pretérito
Imperfecto
Used when describing habitual events in the past
And ongoing actions which were happening simultaneously.

REGULAR IRREGULAR

There are only 3

irregular verbs
In Pretérito Imperfecto

AR ER
IR

HABLAR COMER SER IR VER

Yo habl aba com ía era iba veía I
Tu habl abas com ías eras ibas veías You
él/ella/Ud. habl aba com ía era iba veía She/he/unfa

nosotros/nosotras habl ábamos com íamos éramos íbamos veíamos We

vosotros/vosotras habl abais com íais erais ibais veíais You (pl)
ellos/ellas/Uds. habl aban com ían eran iban veían They/unfam

Notice: All endings in Notice: ver has the same

the grey area are the
same endings. Just add E to the stem.
 Pretérito
Perfecto
Used to describe an action or event in the past that is
ously. and to describe series of events that fol

R REGULAR IRR
spellin
Because the
by a/o/u an
the stem to

3 • the letters

bs
followed b
• the letters
followed b

rfecto • letter c wh
by a/o/u

AR ER
IR
C
ER HABLAR COMER
I yo habl é com í Q
s You tú habl aste com iste
She/he/unfamiliar you él/ella/Ud. habl ó com ió TOC
mos We nosotros/nosotras habl amos com imos
is
n
You (pl)
They/unfamiliar you (pl)
vosotros/vosotras
ellos/ellas/Uds.
habl asteis
habl aron
com isteis
com ieron
YO
TOQ
Notice: All endings in
the brown area are the
m. same
irregularity
térito
fecto
he past that is viewed as over and done with
events that follow one another.

IRREGULAR
spelling correction necessary spelling correction necessary
Because the pronunciation is different when the letter c, g and z are followed Because it would be hard to pronounce the letter I
by a/o/u and different when followed by e/i, we need to change the spelling of between vowels, we need to change it to the letter y. This
the stem to preserve the pronunciation of the infinitive. situation happens in the -ER and -IR groups where the
stem ends with the vowel.
• the letters qu when followed by e/i are pronounced like the letter c when
followed by a/o/u
• the letters gu when followed by e/i are pronounced like the letter g when
followed by a/o/u
• letter c when followed by e/i is pronounced like the letter z, when followed
by a/o/u Some verbs change

-AR -ER -IR

CAR GAR ZAR Stem ends
with vowel
INCLUIR E

QU GU C YÓ YERON
EL/ELLA/USTED ELLOS/ELLAS/USTEDES
I
TOCAR LLEGAR ABRAZAR INCLUIR PEDI

YO YO YO ÉL/ELLA/
INCLUYÓ ÉL/ELLA/
PIDI
USTED USTED
TOQUÉ LLEGUÉ ABRACÉ
ELLOS/ELLAS/
USTEDES INCLUYERON ELLOS/ELLAS/
USTEDES PIDI
irregularity caused by spelling correction
 The following verbs
ome verbs change last vowel stem:
have irregular stems:

-IR ER
AR
IR
E O andar anduv
estar estuv
haber hub
hacer hic e e
I U poder pud iste iste
poner pus o io
PEDIR DORMIR MORIR querer quis
saber sup imos imo
satisfacer satisfic isteis istei
tener tuv ieron iero
ÉL/ELLA/
USTED
PIDIÓ DURMIÓ MURIÓ traer traj
decir dij
-ducir -duj
LOS/ELLAS/
USTEDES PIDIERON DURMIERON MURIERON venir vin
the only difference

only those 2 verbs are in this group

 Pre
Used to describe an action,
And to talk about things in general, or to sa

REGULAR

g verbs
ar stems:

AR ER AR ER IR
IR

HABLAR COMER VIVIR

e e I
iste iste you yo habl o com o viv o
o io she/he/unfamiliar you tú habl as com es viv es
él/ella/Ud. habl a com e viv e
imos imos we
isteis isteis you (pl) nosotros/nosotras habl amos com emos viv imos
ieron ieron they/unfamiliar you (pl) vosotros/vosotras habl áis com éis viv ís
ellos/ellas/Uds. habl an com en viv en

the only difference

Notice: All endings in Notice: the -ER and -IR
the red area are the
same groups have common
parts in their endings
Presente
ibe an action, state or event in the present moment
eneral, or to say that something happens all the time or repeatedly

ULAR IRREGULAR

Completely irregular
verbs:

-AR -ER
IR
E
R VIVIR ESTAR HABER SER IR
viv o estoy he soy voy IE
viv es estás has eres vas
viv e está ha es va MENTIR D
s viv imos estamos hemos somos vamos
viv ís estáis habéis sois vais
viv en están han son van YO MIENTO D
e: the -ER and -IR
ps have common
TÚ MIENTES D
ts in their endings
ÉL/ELLA/
USTED MIENTE D
NOSOTROS/
MENTIMOS DO
NOSOTRAS

VOSOTROS/
VOSOTRAS
MENTÍS DO

ELLOS/ELLAS
/USTEDES MIENTEN D
 Spelling correction Spelling correction
necessary necessary
Those verbs belong to the group which in the A weak u followed by a strong a/e/o
infinitive form contains a diphthong. It means a in a single syllable form a diphthong.
weak vowel i/u and a strong vowel a/e/o are It means the u would lose a distinct
combined in a single syllable giving a sound which sound in pronunciation and the
begins as one vowel and moves towards the other. word formed would not sound
English also has it in words like: cloud, coin. similar to the infinitive any more.
For that reason, to match the
In this verb group the weak vowel is stressed in pronunciation, we need to add
pronunciation, so to preserve it in writing the letter y between the vowels.
(avoiding the diphthong) we need to add an
accent.

-AR -ER -IR -IR -IAR -UAR -UIR

E O E I U I

IE UE I Í Ú Y
MENTIR DORMIR PEDIR ESQUIAR EVALUAR INCLUIR

MIENTO DUERMO PIDO ESQUÍO EVALÚO INCLUYO

MIENTES DUERMES PIDES ESQUÍAS EVALÚAS INCLUYES

MIENTE DUERME PIDE ESQUÍA EVALÚA INCLUYE

ENTIMOS DORMIMOS PEDIMOS ESQUIAMOS ESQUIAMOS INCLUIMOS

ENTÍS DORMÍS PEDÍS ESQUIÁIS ESQUIÁIS INCLUÍS

MIENTEN DUERMEN PIDEN ESQUÍAN EVALÚAN INCLUYEN

irregularity caused by spelling correction

 Used t

rection
The first person singular is irregular
strong a/e/o
m a diphthong.
and needs to be memorized.
ose a distinct
and the
t sound
any more.
tch the
ed to add
he vowels.

ALL SOME

-CER/ -CIR -ER/ -IR

C
use G in the stem
H
ZC G yo
tú
CONOCER HACER él/ella/Ud.

nosotros/nosotras

O
YO YO vosotros/vosotras
ellos/ellas/Uds.
CONOZCO HAGO
ES

EN
 Futuro
Used to describe an action or event that will happen in the future
And to indicate an intense demand.

REGULAR IRREGULAR

The following verbs

have irregular stems
but regular endings:

ARER
IR
caber cabr
HABLAR + haber habr
hacer har
yo hablar é poder podr é I
tú hablar ás querer querr ás you
él/ella/Ud. hablar á saber sabr á she/he/unfamiliar you
poner pondr +
nosotros/nosotras hablar emos tener tendr emos we
vosotros/vosotras hablar éis valer valdr éis you (pl)
ellos/ellas/Uds. hablar án salir saldr án they/unfamiliar you (pl)
venir vendr
decir dir
hacer har
deshacer deshar
satisfacer satisfar

Notice: The irregular

verbs use the same
regular endings
REGULAR REGULAR
STEM ENDING
REGULAR REGULAR
STEM ENDING
 YO I->Y

IRREGULAR REGULAR REGULAR IRREGULAR ENDING

STEM IN “YO” ENDING STEM IN ÉL/ELLA/USTED
AND ELLOS/ELLAS
/USTEDES
 Él/ELLA/USTED
ELLOS/ELLAS/USTEDES

IRREGULAR STEM REGULAR

IN ÉL/ELLA/USTED ENDING
AND ELLOS/ELLAS
/USTEDES
REGULAR REGULAR
STEM ENDING
 /USTEDES MIENTEN D

AR
NG
MIENTEN DUERMEN PIDEN ESQUÍAN EVALÚAN INCLUYEN

irregularity caused by spelling correction

YO/TÚ/ÉL/ELLA/USTED
ELLOS/ELLAS/USTEDES

IRREGULAR STEM REGULAR

IN SINGULAR FORMS ENDING
AND ELLOS/ELLAS
/USTEDES
EN

YO

IRREGULAR REGULAR REGULAR

STEM IN “YO” ENDING STEM
REGULAR ENDING IRREGULAR REGULAR
STEM STEM ENDING