Interlocking Concrete Pavers

SECTION 02780

NOTE: This is a guide specification for the construction of Tremron

Interlocking Concrete Pavers and bedding sand over a dense-graded,
compacted aggregate base. This specification should be edited by an engineer/
architect to conform to project conditions and location. Notes are provided
on the use of a compacted aggregate base under the bedding sand and pavers.
Other base materials may be used. The user should refer to Interlocking
Concrete Pavement, Institute ICPI Software, Zaphers ™ Detail and Specifications
for Interlocking Concrete Pavement, for various guide specifications and
detailed drawings.

2009 1
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.01 Section Includes
A. Concrete Paver Units
B. Bedding and Joint Sand
C. Edge Restraints

1.02 Related Sections

Tech Data:
A. Glossary of Terms used in the Production, Design, Construction, and Testing of Interlocking
Concrete Pavement - ICPI Tech Spec #1
B. Construction of Interlocking Concrete Pavement - ICPI Tech Spec #2
C. Edge Restraints for Interlocking Concrete Pavement - ICPI Tech Spec #3
D. Structual Designing of Interlocking Concrete Pavement for Roads and Parking Lots - ICPI Tech
Spec #4
E. Cleaning and Sealing - A Maintenance and Protection Guide - ICPI Tech Spec #5
F. Application Guide for Interlocking Concrete Pavements - ICPI Tech Spec #10

1.03 References

NOTE: Pavements subject to vehicles should be designed in consultation with a qualified civil
engineer, in accordance with established flexible pavement design procedures, Pavespec Software,
and in accordance with the ICPI “Tech Spec” Technical Bulletins.

A. American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM):

1. C 33. Specification for Concrete Aggregates.
2. C 136. Method for Sieve Analysis.
3. C 140. Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units.
4. C 144. Standard Specification for Aggregate for Masonry Mortar.
5. C 936. Specification for Solid lnterlocking Concrete Paving Units.
6. C 979. Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete.
7. D 698. Test Methods for Moisture Density Relations of Soil and Soil Aggregate Mixtures
using a 5.5 lb. (2.49kg) Rammer and 12 in. (305 mm) drop.
8. D 1557. Test Methods for Moisture Density.
9. D 2940. Graded Aggregate Material for Bases or Subbases for Highways or Airports.
B. Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute (ICPI):
1. Tech Spec Technical Bulletins.

1.04 Qualify Assurance

A. Installation shall be by a contractor and crew with at least one year of experience in placing
interlocking concrete pavers on projects of similar nature or dollar cost.
B. Contractor shall hold a current certificate from the Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute
Concrete Paver Installer Certification program.
C. Contractor shall conform to all local, state/provincial licensing and bonding requirements.

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1.05 Submittals
A. Shop or product drawing and product data.
B. Full size samples of concrete paving units to indicate color and shape selections. Color will
be selected by Architect/Engineer/Landscape Architect/Owner from manufacturer’s available
colors.
C. Sieve analysis for grading of bedding and joint sand.
D. Test result from an independent testing laboratory for compliance of paving unit requirements
to (ASTM C 936) (CSA) or other applicable requirements.
E. Indicate layout, pattern, and relationship of paving joints to fixtures and project formed details.

1.06 Mock-ups
A. Install a 7 ft. x 7 ft. (2 m x 2 m) paver area as described in Article 3.02.
B. This area will be used to determine surcharge of the bedding sand layer, joint sizes, lines, laying
pattern(s), color(s), and texture of the job.
C. This area shall be the standard from which the work will be judged and it shall be incorporated
into the work.

1.07 Delivery, Storage, and Handling

A. Deliver concrete pavers to the site in steel banded, or plastic banded, or plastic wrapped cubes
capable of transfer by fork lift or clamp lift. Unload pavers at job site in such a manner that no
damage occurs to the product.
B. Cover sand with waterproof covering to prevent exposure to rainfall or removal by wind.
C. Coordinate delivery and paving schedule to minimize interface with normal use of building
adjacent to paving.

1.08 Environmental Conditions

A. Do not install sand or pavers during heavy rain or snowfall.
B. Do not install sand or pavers over frozen base materials.
C. Do not install frozen sand.

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PART 2 • PRODUCTS
2.01 Concrete Pavers
A. Manufacturer:
2885 St. Clair Street 11321 NW 112th Court 3144 Highway 17 NE
Jacksonville, FL 32254 Medley, FL 33178 Arcadia, FL 34266
866.358.5900 or 800.567.1480 or 877.490.0990 or
904.359.5900 305.825.9000 863.491.0990
Fax 904.359.5901 Fax 305.823.6614 Fax 863.491.8990

B. Meet the following requirements set forth in ASTM C 938, Standard Specification for Interlocking
Concrete Paving Units:

Note: If 3-1/8 in. (80 mm) thick pavers are specified, their compressive strength test results should be
adjusted by multiplying them by 1.18 to equate the results to that from 2-3/8 in. (60 mm) thick pavers.

1. Average compressive strength of 8,000 psi (55 MPa) with no individual unit under
7,200 psi (50 MPa).
2. Average absorption of 5% with no unit greater than 7% when tested in accordance with
ASTM C 140.
3. Resistance to 50 freeze-thaw cycles when tested according to ASTM C 67.
C. Pigment shall conform to ASTM C 979.
D. Product name(s), shape(s), overall dimensions, and thickness:

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2 3/8” Pavers
Stone Name Weight/ Sq. Ft./ Dimensions
Shape cube (LB.) cube

2756 106
2964 114
Olde towne 3 pc 3146 121
4x6 = 4-3/4” x 6-1/4”
Olde Towne 2 PC (6x6, 6x9) 3146 121
6x6 = 6-1/4” x 6-1/4”
olde towne 6x6 2522 97
6x9 = 6-1/4” x 9-1/2”
olde towne 6x9 2912 112
2756 106
2964 114

2964 114
6x9 = 6-1/4” x 9-1/2”
mega olde towne 3 pc 2964 114
9x9 = 9-1/2” x 9-1/2”
mega olde towne 3-1/8 3 pc 3128 92
9x12 = 9-1/2” x 12-1/4”
3128 92

2964 114
6x9 = 6-1/4” x 9-1/2”
stonehurst 3 pc 2964 114
9x9 = 9-1/2” x 9-1/2”
stonehurst 3-1/8 3 pc 3128 92
9x12 = 9-1/2” x 12-1/4”
3128 92

2444 94 all pieces 6-1/4” in

romanesque Circles
2444 94 width

2444 94 all pieces 6-1/4” in

romanesque fans
2444 94 width

2756 106
brick 4x8 3120 120
4x8”
brick 4x8 (3-1/8) 2584 76
3264 96

9” x 9”
2760 92
Vienna 2-3/4 3 pc 9” x 12”
2760 92
9” x 15”

2200 88
3120 120
Park plaza 6x6 2756 106 6x6 = 6” x 6”
park plaza 8x8 2756 106 8x8 = 8”x 8”
park plaza 12x121 3120 120 12x12 = 12” x 12”
Park plaza 16x161 3120 120 16x16 = 16” x 16”
2782 104
2782 104

2496 96
estate paver 11-3/8” x 11-3/8”
2730 105

1. Classified a paver slab rather than a paver.

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2 3/8” Pavers Continued

Stone Name Weight/ Sq. Ft./ dimensions

Shape cube (LB.) cube

2444 94
cobblestone 4-5/8” x 9-3/8”
2860 110

2678 103
dÉcor 2964 114
5-3/8” x 9”
dÉcor (3-1/8) 2550 74
2550 74

2366 91
hexagon 161 16”
2366 91

2184 84
bishop hat 11-3/8” x 8” X 4”
2470 95

2350 92
mini-brick 2-3/8” x8”
2550 100

3120 120
3120 120
shellstone 4x81 4x8 = 4” x 8”
3120 120
shellstone 12x121 12x12 = 12” x 12”
3120 120
shellstone 16x161 16x16 = 16” x 16”
2782 104
2782 104

squares and 2550 98 4-1/2” x 4-1/2”

rectangles 3016 116 4-1/2” x 6-3/4”

1. Classified a paver slab rather than a paver.

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Colors
Natural
Charcoal
SoliDs: Grey Cement Base Taupe
Tan
Dark Brown

White
Sandstone
White Cement Base Coral
Salmon
GoldenROd

Heritage
Santa Fe
Ortega
Rustic
BLENDS: Grey Cement Base Driftwood
Granite
Coffee
Redwood
Burnt oak

oak Run
South Beach
Cappuccino
Riverwood
White Cement Base Old Chicago
Sierra
Sand Dune
Mahogany Ash
Timberwood

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2.02 Bedding and Joint Sand

Note: The type of sand used for bedding is often called concrete sand. Sands vary regionally. Screen-
ings and stone dust can be unevenly graded and have material passing the No. 200 (0.075mm) sieve.
Bedding sands with these characteristics should not be used. Contact paver contractors or manufac-
turers local to the project and confirm sand(s) successfully used in previous similar applications.

A. Clean, non-plastic, free from deleterious or foreign matter, natural or manufactured from
crushed rock. Do not use limestone screenings or stone dust that do not conform to the grading
requirements in Table 1. When concrete pavers are subject to vehicle traffic, the sands shall be
as hard as practically available.

Note: If the hardness of the bedding sand is not sufficient or questionable for the application (usually
a heavily trafficked thoroughfare) contact the ICPI for information and specifications on assessing
bedding sand durabiiity under heavy traffic loads.

B. Sieve according to (ASTM C 136) (CSA-A-A23.2A).

C. Conform to the grading requirements as shown in Table 1.

Note: Use ASTM or CSA standards as applicable.

Table 1
Grading Requirements for Bedding Sand

ASTM C 33 CSA A23. 1-M94

Sieve size Pe r c ent S i e v e s i ze Perc ent

Pa ssin g pa ss ing

3/8 in. (9.5 mm) 100 10 mm 100

No. 4 (4.75 mm) 95 to 100 5 mm 95 to 100

No. 8 (2.36 mm) 85 to 100 2.5 mm 80 to 100

No. 16 (1.18 mm) 50 to 85 1.25 mm 50 to 90

No. 30 (0.600 mm) 25 to 60 0.630 mm 25 to 65

0.315 mm
No. 50 (0.300 mm) 10 to 30 10 to 35

No. 100 (0.150 mm) 2 to 10 0.160 mm 2 to 10

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 Note: Bedding sand may be used for joint sand. However, some extra effort in sweeping and compact-
ing the pavers may be required in order to completely fill the joints. If joint sand other than bedding
sand is used, the gradations shown in Table 2 are recommended. Joint sand should never be used for
bedding sand.

D. The joint sand shall conform to the grading requirements as shown in Table 2 below:

Note: Use ASTM or CSA standards as applicable.

Table 2
Grading Requirements for Joint Sand

ASTM C 33 ASTM C 144 CSA A23. 1-M94

Natural Sand Manufactured Sand

Si e ve size Pe r c ent Per cent S i e v e s i ze Perc ent

Pa ssin g Pa s s i n g Pas s ing

No. 4 (4.75 mm) 100 100 5 mm 100

No. 8 (2.36 mm) 95 to 100 95 To 100 2.5 mm 95 to 100

No. 16 (1.18 mm) 70 to 100 70 to 100 1.25 mm 90 to 100

No. 30 (0.600 mm) 40 to 75 40 to 100 0.600 mm 35 to 80

20 to 40
No. 50 (0.300 mm) 10 to 35 0.300 mm 15 to 50

No. 100 (0.150 mm) 2 to 15 10 to 25 0.150 mm 2 to 15

No. 200 (0.075 mm) 0 0 to 10

2.03 Edge Restraints

A. See ICPI Tech Spec #3. Edge Restraints for Interlocking Concrete Pavements
(Included In Tech Data Section) for guidance on selecting edge restraints for
various applications.
B. See Details / Design Considerations in Tech Data Section.

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PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.01 Examination

Note: For installation on a compact aggregate base and soil subgrade, the specifier should be aware
that the top surface of the pavers may be 1/8 to 1/4 in. (3 to 6 mm) above the final elevations after com-
paction. This difference in initial and final elevation is to compensate for possible minor settling.

A. Verify that subgrade preparation, compacted density and elevations conform to the
specifications.

Note: Compaction of the soil subgrade is recommended to at least 95% standard Proctor density per
ASTM D 698 for pedestrian areas and residential driveways. Compaction to at least 95% modified
Proctor density per ASTM D 1557 is recommended for areas subject to heavy vehicular traffic. Stabili-
zation of the subgrade and/or base material may be necessary with weak or saturated subgrade soils.
The Architect/Engineer should inspect subgrade preparation, elevation, and conduct density tests for
conformance to specifications.

B. Verify that geotextiles, if applicable, have been placed according to specifications and drawings.
C. Verify that aggregate base materials, thickness, compaction, surface tolerances, and elevations
conform to the specifications.

Note: Local aggregate base materials typical to those used for highway flexible pavements are rec-
ommended for those conforming to ASTM D 2940. Compaction is recommended to not less than 95%
Proctor density in accordance with ASTM D 698 for pedestrian areas and residential driveways.
Compaction is recommended to not less than 98% modified Proctor density according to ASTM D
1557 for vehicular areas.

Note: Tile aggregate base should be spread and compacted in uniform layers not exceeding 6 in. (150
mm) thickness. Recommended base surface tolerance should be plus or minus 3/8 in. (10 mm) over a
10 ft. (3 m) straight edge. The Architect/Engineer should inspect geotextlle materials and placement
(if applicable), base preparation, surface tolerances, elevation, and conduct density tests for confor-
mance to specifications. See ICPI Tech Spec 2, “Construction of Interlocking Concrete Pavement” for
further guidance on construction practices.

Note: Mechanical tampers are recommended for compaction of soil subgrade and aggregate base
around lamp standards, utility structures, building edges, curbs, tree wells and other protusions. In
areas not accessible to large compaction equipment, compact to specified density with mechanical
tampers.

D. Verify location, type, installation and elevations of edge restraints around the perimeter
area to be paved.
---OR---
E. Install edge restraints per the drawings [and manufacturer’s recommendations] at the
indicated elevations.
F. Verify that base is dry, uniform, even, and ready to support sand, pavers, and imposed
loads.
G. Beginning of bedding sand and paver installation means acceptance of base and edge
restraints.

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3.02 Installation
A. Spread the bedding sand evenly over the base course and screed to a nominal 1 in. (25 mm)
thickness, not exceeding 1-1/2 in. (40 mm) thickness. The screeded sand should not be
disturbed. Place sufficient sand to stay ahead of the laid pavers. Do not use the bedding sand to
fill depressions in the base surface.
B. Ensure that pavers are free of foreign material before installation.
C. Lay the pavers in the pattern(s) as shown on the drawings. Maintain straight pattern and joint
lines.
D. Joints between the pavers shall be between 1/16 in. and 3/16 in. (2 mm to 5 mm) wide.

Note: Some paver shapes require a larger joint. Consult manufacturer for recommended joint widths.

E. Fill gaps at the edges of the paved area with cut pavers or edge units.

Note: Units cut no smaller than one-third of a whole paver are recommended along edges subject to
vehicular traffic.

F. Cut pavers to be placed along the edge with (a double blade paver splitter or) masonry saw.
G. Use a low-amplitude plate compactor capable of at least 5,000 Ibf (22 kN) at a frequency of 75 hz
- 100hz to vibrate the pavers into the sand.
H. Compact the pavers again, sweeping dry joint sand into the joints and vibrating until they are
full. This will require at least two or three passes with the compactor. Do not compact within 3
ft. (1 m) of the unrestrained edges of the paving units.
I. All work to within 3 ft. (1 m) of the laying lace must be left fully compacted with sand-filled joints
at the end of each day. Cover the laying face with plastic sheets overnight if not closed with cut
and compacted pavers.
J. Sweep off excess sand when the job is complete.
K. The final surface elevations shall not deviate more than 3/8 in. (10 mm) under a 10 ft. (3 m) long
straight edge.
L. The surface elevation of pavers shall be 1/8 to 1/4 in. (3 to 6 mm) above adjacent drainage inlets,
concrete collars or channels.

3.03 Field Quality Control

A. After removal of excess sand, check final elevations for conformance to the drawings.

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www.tremrongroup.com
2885 St. Clair Street 11321 NW 112th Court 3144 Highway 17 NE
Jacksonville, FL 32254 Medley, FL 33178 Arcadia, FL 34266
866.358.5900 or 800.567.1480 or 877.490.0990 or
904.359.5900 305.825.9000 863.491.0990
Fax 904.359.5901 Fax 305.823.6614 Fax 863.491.8990
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