TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences (FOHSS)

Kirtipur, Kathmandu
Master's Program in International Relations and Diplomacy
(MIRD)

Master's of Arts in International Relations and Diplomacy

Revised Syllabus 2017
 List of Courses

First Semester
Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
MIRD.501 Introduction to International Relations 3
MIRD.502 World Political Affairs 3
MIRD.503 Theories of Diplomacy 3
MIRD.504 Foreign Policy Analysis 3
MIRD.505 Government and Policies of South Asia 3

Second Semester
Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
MIRD.506 Theories of International Relations 3
MIRD.507 International Political Economy 3
MIRD.508 Public Policy for International Relations and Diplomacy 3
MIRD.509 International Law 3
MIRD.510 Research Methodology 3

Third Semester
Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
MIRD.511 International and Regional Organizations 3
MIRD.512 International human Rights and Humanitarian Law 3
MIRD.513 Foreign Policy and Diplomacy of Nepal 3
MIRD.514 Diplomatic Practices 3
MIRD.515 State Building and Failure in Developing World *
MIRD.516 Politics of Climate Change and Security * 3
MIRD.517 Strategic Studies *

Fourth Semester
Course Code Course Title Credit Hours
MIRD.518 Foreign Policy of Major and Emerging Powers 3
MIRD.519 Small States in International Relations 3
MIRD.520 Professional & Diplomatic Communication 3
MIRD.521 Development Economics *
MIRD.522 Globalization of Regional Integration *
MIRD.523 International Conflict and Cooperation * 3
MIRD.524 Politics of International Migration *
MIRD.525 Comparative Politics*
MIRD.526 Thesis 6
* Elective papers
Note: Out of elective Papers, only two papers can be offered in Third and Fourth Semester.
Course Title: International and Regional Organizations
Course Code: MIRD.511
Total credit hours: 3
Total teaching hours: 48
Semester: Third

Introduction to the Course

The supranational tendencies displayed by assorted international organizations have posed
unusual challenges to the very idea of nation-state itself. These organizations have been playing
remarkable role in global affairs, be it in peace keeping, global interdependence, trade, collective
security mechanism, human rights norms, conflict prevention among others. The cause behind
the upsurge in the numbers of international and regional organization in the contemporary world
is that states can better pursue their national interest in reciprocity and interdependence.
Throughout the history, from the treaties of Westphalia of 1648 to the League of Nations of the
interwar period, and particularly after World War II various forms of agreements and
cooperation among sovereign states have expanded dramatically. Taking into consideration all
such occurrences, this course aims to impart knowledge about the origin, evolution, objectives
structures, activities of different international and regional organizations existing in today’s
world.
Also, this course explores different theoretical approaches not only to analyze the traits and surge
of international and regional organizations, but also to assess their relevancy by dividing the
stories of success and failures.

Objectives
1. To familiarize students about the origin, development, objectives, structures and activities
of different international and regional organizations in the contemporary world,
2. To understand similarities and differences, purposes and functions of different
international and regional organizations,
3. To explore critically how international and regional organizations are addressing the
challenges posed by global forces,
4. To identify factors driving the exponential growth of international and regional
arrangement.

Course Content
Unit 1: International Organizations 8 hours
- Meaning, definition, scope and significance of International Organizations
- Nature, evolution and purposes of International Organizations
- History of International Organizations:
- Pre-modern International Organizations: From Amphietyonic league to the
Thirty years of war
 - Modern International Organizations: From Westphalia to the outbreak of
First World War
- Between the war period International Organization
- Post war International Organizations
- Cold war period International Organizations
- International Organizations and Globalization
Required Readings
Abbot, Kenneth and Duncan Snidal. (1998). “Why States Act through Formal Organizations”.
Journal of Conflict Resolution,
Annan, Kofi. (2012). Interventions, A Life in War and Peace. London: Penguin,
Barkin, Samuel. (2006). International Organization, Theories and Institutions. New York:
Palgrave,
Cogan, Jacob Katz., Hurd, Ian., & Ian Johnstone. (2016). The Oxford Handbook of International
Organizations. Oxford: Oxford University Press,
Davies, Michael & Woodward Richard. (2014). International Organizations, A Companion. UK:
Edward Elgar Publishing Limited,
Galbreath, David & Carmen Gebhrd. (2010). Cooperation or Conflict? Problematizing
Organizational Overlap in Europe. New York: Routledge,
Thompson, Alexander and Snidal, Duncan. (1999). International Organization. University of
Chicago,
Trivedi, Sonu. (2005). A Handbook of International Organizations. New Delhi: Atlantic
Publishers &Dist,

Unit 2: 6 hours
- Classification of International Organizations: IGOs and INGOs
- Legal aspects of inter-governmental cooperation
- INGOs in modern world: Meaning, definitions and significance; role of INGOs in Nepal;
criticism of the activities of INGOs
- Non-Governmental Organizations: Amnesty International, International Committee of the
Red Cross, Inter-Parliamentary Union
- League of Nations: Success and Failures
- United Nations: Objectives, Purpose, Principles, membership, principal organs,
specialized agencies and related organizations; success and failures of UN system; reform
and restructuring debates; Nepal in United Nations
Required Readings
Archer, Clive. (2015). International Organizations. Abingdon: Routledge,
Boli, John & George Thomas. ( ). Constructing World Culture, International Non-governmental
Organizations since 1875. Stanford: Stanford University Press,
Housden, Martyn. (2014). The League of Nations and the Organization of Peace. Abingdon:
Routledge,
Jordan, Robert. (2001). International Organizations, A Comparative Approach to the
Management of Cooperation. Westport: Praeger Publishers,
Moore, John Allphine& Jerry Pubantz. (2017).The New United Nations, International
Organization in the Twenty-First Century. New York: Routledge,
Vinuales, J.E. (2012). “The Secret of Tomorrow: International Organization though the Eyes of
Michel Virally”. The European Journal of International Law, Vol. 23 no. 2. Oxford University
Press,

Unit 3: International Organizations with Specific Purpose (Inside UN system) 8 hours

- International Monetary Fund: Origin and Evolution; Objectives; Membership; Structure;
Activities; Nepal and IMF
- World Bank: Origin and Evolution; Objectives; Membership; Structure; Activities;
Structural Adjustment Program and the Third World; Nepal and World Bank World
Trade Organization: Origin and Evolution; Objectives; Membership; Structure; Principles
of WTO; Activities of WTO; Least Developed Countries and WTO; Criticism of WTO;
WTO discourse in Nepal: Expectations and Challenges
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): Origin and Evolution; Objectives;
Membership; Structure; Activities;
Required Readings
Coffey, Peter & Robert J. Riley. (2006). Reform of International Institutions. UK: Edward Elgar
Publishing Limited,
Gunter, Tamar. (2016). International Organizations in World Politics. Sage Publications,
Jorgensen, Knud. (2008). The European Union and International Organizations. UK :Routledge,
Marshall, Katherine. (2008). The World Bank: From Reconstruction to Development to Equity.
New York: Routledge,
Olwell, Russell B. (2009).Global Organization The International Atomic Energy Agency. New
York: Chelsea House,
Peet, Richard. (2003). Unholy Trinity The IMF, World Bank and WTO. London: Zed Books Ltd,

Unit: 4 12 hours
- International Organizations with Specific Purpose (Outside UN system):
International Criminal Court
Permanent Court of Arbitration
International Criminal Police Organization
International Telecommunication Satellite Organization
International Organization for Migration
- International Organizations prioritizing on South-South Cooperation:
Group of 15(G-15)
Group of 77(G77)
Group of 24 (G24)
- International Organizations prioritizing on North-North Cooperation
 Group of Seven/Eight (G7/G8)
Group of Twenty (G20)
- Inter-Continental Organizations on the Basis of Ideology/Purpose
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
Organization of Islamic Conference
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Non-Aligned Movement: Origin and Development; Principles and Objectives;
Structure of NAM; Activities of NAM; Relevancy of NAM in multipolar world;
Nepal and NAM
Commonwealth of Nations
ANZUS
BRICS

Required Readings
Arnond, Guy. (2006) The A to Z of the Non-Aligned Movement and Third World. Maryland: The
Rowman&Littlefield Publishing Group,
Braveboy-Wagner, Jacqueline. (2009). Institutions of the Global South. Abingdon: Routledge,
Ducasse-Rogier, Marianne. (2002). The International Organization for Migration, 1951-2001.
IOM,
Fooner, Michael. (1985). A Guide to INTERPOL. U.S. Dept. of Justice, National Institute of
Justice,
Indlekofer, Manuel. (2013). International Arbitration and the Permanent Court of Arbitration.
Kluwer Law International
Larionova, Marina & John j. Kirton. (2016). The G8-G20 Relationship in Global Governance.
Abingdon :Routledge,
Lipscy, Phillip Y. (2017). Renegotiating the World Order. UK: Cambridge University Press,
Reinalda, Bob. (2009). Routledge History of International Organizations From 1815 to the
Present Day. Abingdon: Routledge,
Schabas, William. (2001). An Introduction to International Criminal Court. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press
Stuenkel, Oliver. (2016).The BRICS and the Future of Global Order. Lexington Books,

Part II: Regional Organizations

Unit 5: 6 hours
- Region and Regionalism
 - Criteria for conceptualizing a region: Geographic proximity, The multidimensional
conception, The Neo Functionalist Approach, The Teleological Approach, The
Structuralism perspective
- Regionalism and collective security
- Theorizing Regionalism: Cooperation, Integration, and Governance
- Regionalism Beyond EU-Centrism and Brexit
- Theories of New Regionalism
- The resurgence of geopolitics, populism and nationalism in the age of regionalism
Required Readings
Abass, Ademola. (2004). Regional Organizations And The Development of Collective Security:
Beyond Chapter VII of the UN Charter. Portland: Hart Publishing,
Akinyeye, Yomi. (2010. Nation-States and the Challenges of Regional Integration in West
Africa, The Case of Nigeria. Karthala,
Armstrong, Kenneth A. (2017). Brexit Time, Leaving the EU, Why, How and When? Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press,
Grugel, Jean &WilHout. (1999). Regionalism across the North/South Divide. London:
Routledge,
Hurrell, Andrew & L ‘Estrange Fawcett. (1995). Regionalism in World Politics: Regional
Organization and International Order. New York: Clarendon Press,
Soderbaum, F & T. Shaw. (2003). Theories of New Regionalism. UK: Palgrave,
Tavares, Rodrigo. (2009). Regional Security: The Capacity of International Organizations.
Abingdon: Routledge,
Telo, Mario. (2016). Regionalism in Hard Times. Abingdon: Routledge,
Wallensteen, Peter & Anders Bjurner. (2015). Regional Organizations and Peace Keeping.
London: Routledge,

Unit 6: 8 hours
- Regional Organizations in Asia Pacific: Asian Development Bank, Asia Pacific
Economic Cooperation, Association of South East Asian Nations, Bay of Bengal
Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation, Shanghai Cooperation
Organization, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, Indian Ocean RIM
Association,
- Regional Organizations in Africa and West Asia : African Union, African
Development Bank, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, Economic
Community for West African States, Arab League, Arab Maghreb Union, ARAB
Monetary Fund, Gulf Cooperation Council, Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries
- Regional Organizations in Europe: Warsaw Treaty Organization, Organization for
Security and Cooperation in Europe, European Union, Nordic Council, European
Organization for Nuclear Research, Council of Europe, Commonwealth of Independent
States, Central European Initiative, Black Sea Economic Cooperation
- Regional Organizations in Americas: North American Free Trade Agreement,
Organization of American States, Latin American Integration Association, Central
 American Common Market, Caribbean Community and Common Market, Association of
Caribbean States, Inter-American Development Bank
Required Readings
Bernhardt, Rudolf. (2014). “Regional Cooperation”. In Encyclopedia of Public International Law

Lombaerde, Philippe De & Michael Schulz. (Eds.). (2016). The EU and World Regionalism.
The International Political Economy of New Regionalism Series,
Schoppert, Stephanie. (2013). African Regional Organizations and Democracy. University of
Central Florida
Soderbaum, Fredrik & Rodrigo Tavares. (2011). Regional Organizations in African Security.
Abingdon: Routledge,
Wesley, W. (2003). The Regional Organizations of the Asia Pacific. UK: Palgrave,
Course Title: International Human Rights Law (IHRL) and International Humanitarian
Law (IHL) (Previously called: International Human Rights and Humanitarian
Law)
Course Code: MIRD.512
Total credit hours: 3
Total teaching hours: 48
Semester: Fourth

Introduction
The discourse on international human rights law has ever been increasing after it was coined in
the Charter of the United Nations Organization (UNO) in 1945. The Charter was drafted in the
backdrop of killing of millions of people during the World War II and the drafters of the Charter
envisaged of saving the lives of such innocent people from such scourge of war. The concept of
rights does not connote the same all the time. Now human rights has more far reaching meaning
than what it had been envisaged at the time of drafting of the Charter and even at the adoption of
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. Protection mechanisms of human rights also
have expanded than before. Now the concept of human rights as individual liberty alone is not
sufficient. Hence, subjects such as socio-economic justice and protection of civilians when the
state governments are not functional have equally been the contents of human rights. Similarly,
The IHRL and IHL have evolved from different context. However, both the laws aim at making
the human lives better and safer. So, the convergence and divergence between these two laws are
equally studied within the purview of human rights.

Objectives
1. Impart knowledge on development of human rights through religion, philosophy and
politics.
2. Keep abreast of UN System and other system on protection and promotion of human
rights;
3. Develop critical insights on human rights protection and national interest; and
4. Appraise the effectiveness of existing mechanism.

Course Content
Unit 1: Introduction to Relevant Branches of Public International Law & Development of
International Human Rights Law 4 Hours
- Branches of Public International Law
- Traces of human rights in different world religions
- Philosophical Foundation of human rights
- Development of human rights till the Establishment of the UNO

Unit 2: Generations of Human Rights and Its Universality 4 Hours

- Human Rights: Recognition vs. Granting
- Three Generations of Human Rights
- Universality vs Cultural Relativism
Unit 3: Human Rights in International Instruments 6 Hours
- UN Charter
- International Bill of Rights
- Other International Conventions of Human Rights (Five other Covenants only that Nepal
has ratified)
- Vienna Declaration and Program of Action (Adopted by the World Conference on
Human Rights in Vienna on 25 June 1993)

Unit 4: Global and Regional Human Rights Protection Mechanism 6 Hours

- Treaty Based Mechanism: 9 Committees under the 9 Core Human Rights Conventions
- Charter Based: Human Rights Council, Universal Periodic Review, Special Procedures
- Regional Mechanism: Europe; Africa, America, Asia
- Role of INGOs

Unit 5: National Implementation of International Human Rights Commitments 2 Hours

Unit 6: National Human Rights Protection Mechanism 2 Hours

- National Mechanism: Court, Ombudsman and National Institutions
- Role of NGOs

Unit 7: War on Terrorism and Human Rights 4 Hours

- Combating against Terrorism
- State policy and Non/Derogation of rights,
- Non-discrimination, Fair Trail, Prohibition of Torture, refugees and asylum seekers

Unit 8: Recent Development of Human Rights 4 Hours

- Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
- Right to Development
- Nepal’s Recent Trend

Unit 9: Transitional Justice: 2 Hours

- Definitions, Elements of TJ
- Nepal and TJ

Unit 10: Human Rights and Diplomacy 4 Hours

- Human Rights and Diplomacy:
- Human Rights in Nepal’s Foreign Policy
Unit 11: Introduction to International Humanitarian Law 8 Hours
- Development of IHL and Definition,
- International and non-international armed conflict
- Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols
Common Article 3
Prisoners of war (PoW)
- ICRC and Emblems
- Dilemmas of IHL
- IHL and human rights

Required Readings
Amartya Sen, “Elements of a Theory of Human Rights,”Philosophy and Public Affairs, 32:4
(2004). http://www.mit.edu/~shaslang/mprg/asenETHR.pdf.
Columbia University Human Rights Program, 25 Essential Human Rights Documents.
http://hrcolumbia.org/publications/25+_human_rights_documents.pdf
Doebbler, C.F., (2004). International Human Rights Law: Cases and Materials, Washington DC:
CD Publishing.
Hayden, P., (2001). Philosophy of Human Rights, Minnesota: Paragon House. 59
[United Nations Conventions, European Conventions and Treaties, International Humanitarian
Law (all cal be downloaded from concerned webpage]

Suggested Readings
Forsythe, D., (2000). Human Rights in International Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press,
Frank, T.M., (2001). “Are Human Rights Universal?” Foreign Affairs, vol. 80, No. 1.
Freeman, M. (2002). Human Rights: An Interdisciplinary approach. Cambridge Polity.
Gould, C. (2004). Globalizing Democracy and Human Rights. Cambridge University Press.
Li, X., (1985) “’Asian Values’ and the Universality of Human Rights,” in Hayden, Philosophy of
Human Rights, pp. 397-408.
Perry, M., (1998). Rights Talk: What Does It Mean? And Is It Problematic?” The Idea of Human
Rights: Four Inquiries, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Shelton, D., (2003). Historical Development of International Protection of Human Rights,
Documentary File, Vol. 1, 34th Study Session, Strasburg.
Steiner, H.J., Alston P. (2000). International Human Rights in Context, Law, Politics, Morals,
London: Oxford University Press.
Symonides, J. (2000). Human Rights, Concepts and Standards, Sydney: Aldershot.
Tesón, F., (1985). “International Human Rights and Cultural Relativism,” in Virginia
Journal of International Law, pp. 379-396 .
Course Title: Foreign Policy and Diplomacy of Nepal
Course Code: MIRD.513
Total Credit Hours: 3
Total Teaching Hours: 48
Semester: Third

Introduction

What ate the Nepal's Foreign Policy priorities? How does Nepal's geo-strategic position
influence foreign policy formulation? Is there consensual Culture among the Political parties in
determining Nepal's Foreign Policy? If not, what are the domestic challenges in prioritizing
Nepal's independent foreign policy and diplomacy? The course aims to answer these questions
providing knowledge form the historical era of unification to the recent phase of post conflict
recovery.

Course Objectives

1. Familiarize students with the fundamental elements and challenges related to crafting ad
conduct of Nepal's foreign policy and diplomacy so that they can pursue a career in
international relations as career diplomat.
2. Understand some historical ups and down of Nepal's foreign policy and diplomacy that helps
to figure out the major priorities of Nepal's external relation.
3. Sharpen student's analytical skills and oral communication through discussion, simulations
and paper presentation.

Course Content

Unit 1: Nepal's Foreign Policy 2 hours

- Meaning, Definition, Scope, Objectives and Goals, Guiding Principles ( as mentioned
in the constitution and laws / legal documents )

Unit 2: History of Nepalese Foreign Policy and diplomacy 14 hours

- Foreign Policy of Nepal During the Kirati, Lichhavi and Malla Period
- Era of national unification, Anglo-Nepal War, Treaty of Sugauli, Rana Regime,
Democratic transition in 1950, Panchayat Era, Democratic Era (1990-2006), Foreign
Policy during Maoist insurgency , Post Conflict foreign policy of Nepal, Foreign Policy
in Post Republic Era.( in post 2008 periods)
- Evolution of Nepal's Diplomatic relation( from Lichhavi period to modern age)
Diplomatic structure, Nepal's diplomatic rise in international arena, Principles of
Nepalese Diplomacy, Nepalese embassies abroad , basis of establishing diplomatic
relations with countries of the world; modes of appointment of diplomats in practice.,
 Strengths and weaknesses of Nepalese Diplomacy; economic diplomacy. Nepal's
economic diplomacy, strength and weakness of Nepalese economic diplomacy, Official
Development Assistance (ODA) and Nepal's economic diplomacy; its implementation
in practice.

Unit 3: Determinants of Nepal's Foreign Policy 4 hours

- UN charter, Principles of panchasheela, Non- Alignment Movement, International Law
and Values of World Peace, Geo- Political Situation, Historical Ties, Socio - Cultural
Relations, Economic Factors, Political System and Changes, Psychological and
Personal Factors, Regional and Global Factors / Environment.

Unit 4: Nepalese Foreign Policy: Regional and Major Powers 6 hours

- Nepal's relations with regional and global powers India, China, US, EU

Unit 5: Instruments and Institutions of Nepalese Diplomacy 6 hours

- MoFA, Role of Foreign Minister and Foreign Secretary, Diplomatic Missions,
Consulates, bilateral friendship organization, IFA, Business Organizations; Promotion of
Nepal’s trade with other countries/trade diplomacy
- Academic institutions (CNAS, CEDA, MIRD, Army Staff College, TU)

Unit 6: Economic Diplomacy 4 hours

- Nepal's economic diplomacy, Strength and weakness of Nepalese economic diplomacy,
Official Development Assistance (ODA) and Nepal's economic Diplomacy.

Unit 7: Issues and Emerging Ideas on Nepalese Diplomacy 6 hours

- 1950 Treaty of Peace and Friendship: rhetoric and reality

- Diplomatic initiatives on vital issues- border issues, transit facilities, exploitation of
water resources, refugee problems
- Protection of Nepalese Migrants in abroad.
- Nepal as a vibrant bridge between India and China.

Unit 8: Foreign Policy of Nepal's Major Political Parties 6 hours

- CPN UML, NC,UCPN Maoist, Centre Madhesi Parties, their Party documents & Election
Manifestoes ( regarding foreign policy )

Required Readings
Khanal, Y.N. (1988) Essay in Nepal's Foreign Affairs, Kathmandu: Murari Prasad Upadhyaya
Pokharel, G.P; A. Shakya, A &Dahal, Ballav. (2009), Foreign Policy of Nepal: Challenges and
Opportunities (Eds.), Kathmandu: Institute of Foreign Affairs

Pradhan, J.S., (1969), Understanding Nepal's Foreign Policy, Kathmandu: Lalita Pradhan

Rose, Leo E..,(1971), Nepal: Strategy for Survival, Barkley: University of California Press

Singh, M.K., (2011) Nepal's Foreign Policy, New Delhi: Summit Series

Suggested Readings
Adhikari, Pushpa (2010) Ties that Bind: An account of Nepal China Relations, Kathmandu:
Sangam Institute
Adrian, Sever (1993) Nepal under the Rana, New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publication
Bhasin, A.S. (1970) Documents on Nepal's Relations with Indian and China 1946-6, Bombay:
Academic Books
Chaulagain, Yam P. (2012) Official Development Assistance in Nepal: A Development
Perspectives UK Based International Relations Portal, Retrieved from http://www.e-
ir.info/2012/0/28 /official-development-assistance-in-nepal-a-development-perspective/
Dahal, Devraj and Pandey, NischalN(Eds). (2006) Comprehensive security in South Asia,
Kathmandu; IFA in co-operation with FES.
Dhakal, Tika p, Chaulagain, Yam P., Adhikari, Rishi, Subedi, Shyam, (2013) (unpublished).
Nepal's New Foreign Policy Agenda: From Buffer towards a Bridge, Kathmandu; IFA, FES.
Dhakal, Tika P. (2005), Nepal and Germany Dynamic Relations, Mechi: Sita
DharamDasani, M.D. (2001) India and Nepal (ed.) New Delhi: South Asian Publisher
Dahal, Ram Kumar (2009) “Nepalese Foreign Policy” in Shushil Raj Pandey and
PushpaAdhikari (Eds.), Nepal's Foreign Policy at the Crossroad, Kathmandu: Sangam Institute.
Dahal, Ram Kumar (2009)”Nepal-India Relations” in Shyam Kumar Bhattarai eds.
International Relations and Foreign Affairs. Kathmandu: Shopan Monthly.
Dahal, Ram Kumar (2010)” Dynamics of Nepal's Foreign Policy ”Sangam Journal,vol.2, Issue
3, Sept.,pp.71-90.
Khadka, Narayan (1991), Foreign Aid, Poverty and Stagnation in Nepal, New Delhi: Bikas
publishing House.
Lohani, Prakash Chandra, 2009. Dynamics of Nepal's Foreign Policy at the Crossroad,
Kathmandu: Sangam Institute
Muni, SD (1973) Foreign Policy of Nepal, Delhi: National
Pandey Nischal N. (ed) (2005) Nepal-China Relations, Kathmandu: IFA
Pandey Nischal N. (ed) (20065) Nepal As a Transit State, Kathmandu: IFA
Pradhan, B. (1999) Behavior of Nepalese Foreign Policy, Kathmandu: Malla Press
Poudel Shriram (1988) Foreign Trade, Aid and Development in Nepal, New Delhi:
Commonwealth
Rawat, P.C. (1973) Indo- Nepal Economic Relations, Nath Distributors
Shrestha, Buddhi Narayan (2003) Border Management of Nepal, Kathmandu: Bhumichitra Co.
P. Ltd.
Sigdel, Bam Dev (2003), Nepal's Relations with Japan and India, Kathmandu: Center for Public
Policy Studies
Subedi, Surya P. (2005) Dynamics of Foreign Policy and Law: A Study of Indo-Nepal Relations,
New Delhi: Oxford University Press
Course Title: Diplomatic Practices
Course Code: MIRD.514
Total Credit Hours: 3
Total Teaching Hours: 48
Semester: Third

Introduction
Practice theory helps students of diplomacy think more abstractly and systematically about
mundane diplomatic practices. Students of diplomacy can help guide practice theory toward
empirical diplomatic activities that are often internalized and taken for granted. A dialogue
between the two fields will promote a better understanding of diplomacy as undervalued
practices.
As the practical dimension of the international relations theory-the significance of practice and
the art of diplomacy in a globalised and nuclear world has become more predominant than ever.
As an attempt to resolve the challenges at the state, non-state, regional and international level,
the art of diplomacy has become the strong tool for facilitating, mitigating and resolving those
challenges. The architect of contemporary international political system has also shown that the
challenges facing the international community can longer be resolved by military forces. By
virtue of its growing importance in the national and internal, and government and non-
government sector, the study of diplomatic practices has become the major concern of students
across the globe.

Course objectives
1. To acquaint the graduate student with basic principles of diplomatic practices.
2. To provide students practical knowledge of various diplomatic activities, functions and
kills, and diplomatic protocols necessary for working in the foreign services
3. To help develop the overall skills of a diplomat necessary for working in the
contemporary world of profession diplomacy.

Course Content

Unit 1: Introduction 4 hours

- Conceptual Understanding
- Practices with Case Studies

Unit 2: Terminologies Language, Forms and Means of Diplomatic Communication 2 hours

- Visits of diplomat, Conversation of diplomat, body language of diplomat, Visiting card

and souvenir in diplomatic practices.

Unit 3: Functions and skills of a diplomat 8 hours

- Functions: Representation, Negotiation, Reporting and Protection of Interest

- General Skills: agency, advocacy, diplomatic dialogue, reporting and analysis, counsel,
stewardship, system and responsibility
 - Spoken Art and Advocacy: Starting points, diplomatic channels, demarches,
intercultural management, mechanism of persuasion, public speaking, press encounters
TV interviews
- Writing skills: Creative ambiguity and code words, diplomatic reports, speech drafting,
diplomatic documents, press releases, Joint Communiqué, MOU,
- Roles and Responsibilities of Ambassador, Charge-de-Affairs, Counselor, etc.

Unit 4: Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities 8 hours

- Scope of privilege and immunity
- Privileges and immunities of diplomatic mission
- Privilege and Immunities of Diplomatic Agents
- Families, junior staffs and local nationals
- Diplomatic agents in Third States
- Diplomatic privilege and immunities of a foreign State and Minister
- Special Mission
- Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Privileges

Unit 5: Diplomatic Reports and Diplomatic Documents 8 hours

- General rule of diplomatic correspondence

- Diplomatic reports: Basic reports, Periodic reports, Special dispatches, Cipher
Message, Briefs and Websites Reports and analysts at Headquarter, Problem of reportage,
Building institutional memory.
- Diplomatic Documents: Personal Note, Correspondence, Official note from third
person, Verbal note, Position paper, Memorandum, Non paper, Personal letter, Drafting
diplomatic documents

Unit 6: Diplomatic protocols in international affairs 2 hours

- Diplomatic corps, order and precedence, rules of diplomatic etiquette, appointments and
recalls of members of the diplomatic mission personnel, official diplomatic visits,
international summit protocol.

Unit 7: Diplomatic receptions, parties and attire 4 hours

- Receptions: Type of receptions: Day time receptions and Evening receptions,

Preparation of receptions, Clothes for reception, Rely for invitation, seating plan at
diplomatic receptions, running of the reception, Reception of Foreign delegations and
visits abroad .
- Parties: Universal rules of etiquette, choosing guests, forms of invitation, greeting the
guests, introduction, honorary seat, sitting the guests, conversation and toast, flowers and
gifts.
- Attire: Rules of dressing, proper official clothing, proper male clothes, proper female
clothes, common mistakes, moral integrity of a diplomat
Unit 8: Diplomatic Maneuver 6 hours
- Diplomatic strategy and tactics, diplomatic Maneuver, diplomatic negotiation, relation
between states and the use of diplomats

Unit 9: Diplomatic History and Practices of Nepal 6 hours

- Rana Regime 1846-1950
- Interim Period 1951-1960
- Panchayat Period (1960-1990)
- Post Panchayat(1990-2015)
Required Reading (-s)

Unit 1 -9

Adhikari, R., Chaulagain, Y. P., Dhakal, T. P., &Subedi, S. B. (2013). From a buffer towards a
bridge -Nepal’s New Foreign Policy Agenda. Tripureshwor, Kathmandu, Institute of Foreign
Affairs.
Bailey, T. A. (1968). The Art of Diplomacy: The American Experience, Appleton-Century-Crofts
Berridge, G.R and James, Alan. (2003). A Dictionary of Diplomacy (second edition). New York:
Palgrave Macmillan
Berridge, G.R.(2002). Diplomacy: Theory and Practice (Second Edition). New York: Palgrave
Macmillan.
Cooper AF (2008) Celebrity Diplomacy. Boulder: Co, Paradigm Publishers Freeman, Charles
W.(1997, sixth printing 2007). Arts of Power: Statecraft and Diplomacy. Washington D.C: US
Institute of Peace Press.
Freeman, Chas. W. (2010). Diplomat’s Dictionary. Washington DC.: United States Institute of
Press Press.
Hamilton, K., & Langhorne, R. (2011). The Practice of Diplomacy: Its Evolution, Theory and
Administration (2nded.). Third Avenue, New York: Routledge
Joshi, B. L., & Rose, L. E. (1966). Democratic Innovation in Nepal:A Case Study of Political
Acculturation. Los Angeles: University of California Press
Khanal, Y. N. (1977). Nepal, Transition from Isolationism. Kathmandu: SajhaPrakashan.
Khanal, Y. N. (1988). Essays in Nepal's Foreign Policy. Kathmandu: Murari Prasad Upadhyaya.
- Kleiner, Juergen. (2009). Diplomatic Practice between Tradition and Innovation.
Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company.
Krishna S. Rana, Krishna S.(2011). 21st Century Diplomacy. New York: The Continuum
International Publishing Group.
Roberts, Ivor. (2009). Satow’s Diplomatic Practice, New York: Oxford University Press.
Rose, L. E. (2010). Nepal Strategy for Survival(Reprint ed.). Kathamndu: Mandala Book Point.
Sreenivasan, TP (2014) Applied Diplomacy Rough Prism of Mythlogy. New Delhi: Wisdom tree
Unit 10
Whelpton, J. (2016). Jang Bahadur in Europe: The First Nepalese Mission to the West.
Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point
Suggested Readings
Bailey, T. A. (1968). The Art of Diplomacy: The American Experience, Appleton-Century-Crofts
Berridge, G.R and James, Alan. (2003). A Dictionary of Diplomacy (second edition). New York:
Palgrave Macmillan
Berridge, G.R.(2002). Diplomacy: Theory and Practice (Second Edition). New York: Palgrave
Macmillan.
Cooper AF (2008) Celebrity Diplomacy. Boulder: Co, Paradigm Publishers
Freeman, Chas. W. (2010). Diplomat’s Dictionary. Washington DC.: United States Institute of
Press Press.
Rana, Kishan S.(2007 &2008). Asian Diplomacy: The Foreign Ministries of China, India, Japan,
Singapore, and Thailand. Geneva: Diplo Foundation, Malta and New Delhi: Oxford University
Press.
Sreenivasan, TP (2014) Applied Diplomacy Rough Prism of Mythlogy. New Delhi: Wisdom tree
Course Title: State Building and Failure in Developing World*
Course Code: MIRD.515
Total Credit Hours: 3
Total Teaching Hours: 48
Semester: Fourth

Introduction
What is state failure? How does state building differ with nation building? Are fragile states
dangerous? How can we prevent state failure in developing world? How do nations and states
form? What does make them functional? This course aims to answer these questions providing
deeper insights on various theories of state building. The course will also critically analyze the
role of non-state actors in the state building process and focus on different aspect of statehood.

Course objectives
1.Provide theoretical and practical knowledge of state failure and state building in
developing world.
2.Understand institutional mechanism and their functionality in the process of state
building.
3.Explore various roles of non-state actors in the process of state building and state
failure.

Course Outline
1. Introduction 6 hours
- Meaning and definition, scope, concepts of state building, state institutions and
functionality

2. State building Theories 10 hours

- Conflict transformation theory
- Democracy building theory
- Constitutionalism and rule of law

3. State failure 10 hours

- Institutional economics and the theory of organizations
- Decentralization and discretion
- Rebuilding a failed state and ambiguity of objectives
- Causes of state failure, Post- Taliban transition in Afghanistan, East Timor

4. State building versus nation building 10 hours

- Ethnicity, nationality, identity politics, political parties and pressure groups, building
bridges between the state and the nationalities, overcoming populism while developing
 functional state, role of non-state actors in the state building process: civil society, social
media, international donors and NGOs.

5. State Building in Nepal 12 hours

Required Readings

Books

Egnell, Robert and Peter Haldén, eds. 2013. New Agendas in Statebuilding: Hybridity,
Contingency and History. London: Routledge.

Fukuyama, Francis. 2004. State Building: Governance and the World Order in the 21st Century.
Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Spruyt, Hendrik. 1996. The Sovereign State and Its Competitors. Princeton: Princeton University
Press.

Woodward, Susan L. The Ideology of Failed States: Why Intervention Fails. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.

Regmi, Mahesh C. 1995. Kings and Political Leaders of the Gorkhali Empire 1768 – 1814.
Delhi: Orient Longman.

Book Chapters

Evans, Peter B., Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and ThedaSkocpol, eds. 1985.Bringing the State Back
In. New York: Cambridge University Press [Chapters 5, 6 and 7].

Hobbes, Thomas. 1962 [1651].Leviathan. Book II of the Commonwealth. London: Collier

Macmillan Publishers [Chapters 13, 17-19 and 21].

Locke, John.1982 [1689].Second Treatise of Government. Illinois: Arlington Heights.[Chapters

2, 3, 5, 7 and 9].

Magstadt, Thomas M. and Peter M. Schotten. 1996. Understanding Politics: Ideas, Institutions,
and Issues. Fourth Edition. St. Martin’s Press, pp. 92-100.

Migdal, Joel S. 2001.State in Society: Studying How States and Societies Transform and
Constitute One Another. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Chapter 1].

Journal Articles
Hendrix, Cullen. 2010. Measuring State Capacity: Theoretical and Empirical Implications for the
Study of Civil Conflict. Journal of Peace Research 47 (3): 273-85.

Menocal, Alina Rocha. 2011. State Building for Peace: a new paradigm for international
engagement in post-conflict fragile states? Third World Quarterly 32 (10): 1715-1736.

Heather, Marquette and Danielle Beswick. 2011. State Building, Security and Development:
state building as a new development paradigm? Third World Quarterly 32(10): 1703-
1714.

Sorensen, George. 2001. War and State-Making: Why Doesn't it Work in the Third World?
Security Dialogue 32 (3): 341-354.

Call,Charles T. 2011. Beyond the 'failed state': Toward conceptual alternatives. European
Journal of International Relations 17 (2): 303-326.

Herbst, Jeffrey. 1990. War and the State in Africa. International Security 14(4): 117-39.

Vu, Tuong. 2010. Studying the State through State Formation.World Politics 62(1): 148-75.

Schwarz, Rolf, and Miguel de Corral. 2011. States Do Not Just Fail and Collapse: Rethinking
States in the Middle East.Democracy and Security 7(3): 209-226.

Grovogui, Siba N.2002. Regimes of Sovereignty: International Morality and the African
Condition. European Journal of International Relations 8 (3): 315-338.

Leeson, Peter. 2007. Better off Stateless: Somalia Before and After Government
Collapse.Journal of Comparative Economics 35: 689-710.
Course Title: Politics of Climate Change and Security
Course Code: MIRD.516
Total Credit Hours: 3
Total Teaching Hours: 48
Semester: Third

Introduction

Climate change is a complex, contentious, and critical issue. It has been the defining
environmental and security issue of the 21st century. The course will reflect on the meaning of
security on an increasingly crowded planet, with humanity confronting unprecedented
environment and resource challenges and draws a link between security and a new phenomenon
called climate change. Traditional definitions and approaches to security fail to capture or
explain the complex problems of the 21st century so this course explores the connections between
environment, resources, security, and conflict factors that are heavily mediated by social and
economic dynamics including poverty and inequality. The central issues of discussion are the
likelihood of environmentally related violence in the developing world, the debate on the linking
of climate change and security, global environmental change and human security, securitization
theory and the environment, environment conservation and conflict resolution. The course pays
particular attention to major conflict constellations of climate change, water scarcity, food
insecurity, flood and storm disasters, energy insecurity and environmental migration including
global warming and development, international environmental conventions and protocols e.g.
Kyoto Protocol and Rio-Convention. The course will also critically appreciate the emerging
policy debates on the securitization of climate change and institutional initiatives to address
environmental challenges, including international negotiations on climate change mitigation and
adaptation, global climate governance and low-carbon society.

Learning Objectives

1. To build students ‘understanding clear on climate change, global warming and

environmental conflict as human security threat.
2. To study and critically appreciate the UN negotiations on climate change; the North-
South politics of climate change; climate change and development; and movements for
climate justice.
3. To equip students with the knowledge of the political economy of climate change,
politics of climate change, resource depletion or environmental change as a prospect
and challenge for international cooperation.
4. To analyze the prospects and limitations of policy responses to climate change at the
international and national levels.
 Course Contents

Unit 1: Introduction 4 hours

- Global environmental Politics

- Global environmental Issues

Required Readings
Paterson, Matthew. 2000. Understanding Global Environmental Politics: Domination,
Accumulation and Resistance. London: Palgrave Macmillan (Chapters 1 and 2).

Unit 2: Climate Change Politics 8 hours

- Natural and anthropogenic understanding of climate change

- Scientific and political debates over global warming and its consequences
- North-South debates on problems caused by climate change

Required Readings
Pandey, Chandra and PriyaKurian. 2017. The Media and The Major Emitters: Media Coverage
of International Climate Change Policy. Global Environmental Politics.Vol. 17 (4), pp. 67-87.

Moran, Daniel (editor). Climate Change and National Security: A Country Level Analysis.
Washington DC: George Washington Press (Chapter 1).

Najam, Adil. SaleemulHuq and Yuba Sokona. 2003. Climate negotiations beyond Kyoto:
developing countries concerns and interests. Climate Policy. Vol. 3, pp. 221-231.

Unit 3: Climate Change as Human Security 4 hours

- Traditional understanding of security

- Human security: deepening and widening of security studies

Required Readings
Buzan, Barry. 1983/1991. People, States and Fear: The National Security Problem in
International Relations. London Harvester Wheatsheaf (chapter 1).

Barnett, Jon and W. Neil Adger. 2007. Climate change, human security and violent conflict.
Political Geography. Vol. 26, pp. 639-655.

Buzan, Barry and Lene Hansen. 2009. The Evolution of International Security Studies. London:
Cambridge University Press (Chapter 7).

Unit 4: Climate Change, Safety and National Security 8 hours

- Environmental, water and food security

 - Climate change as emerging security issue
- Climate change as global and national security threat
- Climate change, resource limits and societal conflicts

Required Readings
Hanjra, Munir and M. Ejaz Qureshi. 2010. Global water crisis and future food security in an era
of climate change. Food Policy. Vol. 35, 365-377.

Gemenne, F., Barnett, J., Adger, W.N., Dabelko, G.D. (2014). Climate and security: Evidence,
emerging risks, and a new agenda. Climatic Change. Vol. 123(1), pp. 1-9.

Brown, Oli., Ann Hammil and Robert Mcleman. 2007. Climate change as the ‘new’ security
threat: implications for Africa. International Affairs. Vol.83 (6), pp. 1141–1154.

Webersik, Christian. 2010. Climate Change and Security: A Gathering Storm of Global
Challenges. Oxford: Praeger (Chapters 1, and 3).

Moran, Daniel (editor). Climate Change and National Security: A Country Level Analysis.
Washington DC: George Washington Press (Chapters 6 and 8).

Unit 5: Governing the Global Environment 8 hours

- History of environmental movements

- Green politics
- Role of environmental NGOs
- International environmental regimes (Ozone, biodiversity, Agenda 21)

Required Readings
Axelrod, Regina, Stacy Vandeveer and David Downie. 2011. The Global Environment:
Institutions, Law and Policy. Washington DC: CQ Press (Chapters 1, 2 and 5).

Dryzek, John. 2005. The Politics of the Earth: Environmental Discourses. Oxford: Oxford
University Press (Chapters 9 and 10).

Unit 6: Climate Change Negotiations and Future Innovation 8 hours

- Climate change negotiations, convention, protocols and key agreements

- The global energy infrastructure and GHG emission
- Future technologies (carbon sequestration, bio-fuels, hydrogen and geo-engineering)

Required Readings
Pandey, Chandra. The Limits of International Climate Change Policy: From Past to Present.
International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management. Vol.6 (4), pp. 376-390.

Axelrod, Regina, Stacy Vandeveer and David Downie. 2011. The Global Environment:
Institutions, Law and Policy. Washington DC: CQ Press (Chapter 6).
Garnaut, Ross. 2008. The Garnaut Climate Change Review: Final Report. London: Cambridge
University Press (Chapters 17 and 18).

Unit 7: Climate Change Politics and Nepal 8 hours

- Climate change impacts in Nepal

- Nepal’s negotiation initiatives in international forums
- Nepal’s climate change policy and adaptive strategies

Required Readings
Watson, Iain and Chandra Pandey. 2015. Environmental Security in the Asia-Pacific. London
and New York: Routledge (Chapter 5).

Government of Nepal. 2011. Nepal Climate Change Policy 2011.

Government of Nepal. 2010. National Adaptation Plan for Action 2010.

Government of Nepal.Local Adaptation Plan for Action 2012.

Suggested Readings
Chasek, Pamela. David Downie and Janet Brown. 2014. Global Environmental Politics:
Dilemma in World Politics. Colorado: Westview Press (Chapter 1).

Buzan, Barry and Lene Hansen. 2009. The Evolution of International Security Studies. London:
Cambridge University Press.

Webersik, Christian. 2010. Climate Change and Security: A Gathering Storm of Global
Challenges. Oxford: Praeger.

Moran, Daniel (editor). Climate Change and National Security: A Country Level Analysis.
Washington DC: George Washington Press.

Pandey, Chandra. 2015. Managing Climate Change: Shifting roles for NGOs in Climate
Negotiations. Environmental Values. Vol. 24 (6), pp. 799-824.

Axelrod, Regina, Stacy Vandeveer and David Downie. 2011. The Global Environment:
Institutions, Law and Policy. Washington DC: CQ Press (Chapter 13).

Nepal Planning Commission. 2011. Climate Resilient Planning: A Tool for Long-term Climate
Adaptation.

Axelrod, Regina, Stacy Vandeveer and David Downie. 2011. The Global Environment:
Institutions, Law and Policy. Washington DC: CQ Press.
Dauvergne, Peter. 2005. Handbook of Global Environmental Politics. Edward Elgar.

Dryzek, John. 2005. The Politics of the Earth: Environmental Discourses. Oxford: Oxford
University Press

Lacy, Mark. 2005. Security and Climate Change: International Relations and Limits of Realism.
London and New York: Routledge.

Paterson, Matthew. 2001. Understanding Global Environmental Politics: Domination,

Accumulation, and Resistance. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Rootes, Christop. 1999. Environmental Movements: Local, National and Global. Oxford and
New York: Routledge.

Watson, Iain and Chandra Pandey. 2015. Environmental Security in the Asia-Pacific. London
and New York: Routledge.

Zedillo, Earnesto. 2008. Global Warming: Looking Beyond Kyoto. Brookings.

Course Title: Strategic Studies*
Course Code: MIRD.517
Total Credit Hours: 3
Total Teaching Hours: 48
Semester: Third

Introduction

National Security and defense preparedness are the key national interests of any country.
States apply different strategies for their survival and dominance. Those strategies either military
or political are parts of the studies of broader international relations since they are not purely
domestic phenomenon. This course as part of MIRD, gives basics of strategic thinking to the
students of International Relations and Diplomacy.

Objectives:
1. To introduce students with the basic concept of security studies
2. To acquaint students with the strategic aspects of International Relations.
3. To help participants acquire an understanding of how security threats are defined and
addressed.
4. To examine the geopolitical and geo-strategic aspects of strategic thoughts particularly
in relations to Nepal

Course Contents
Unit 1: Rethinking Strategic/International Security Studies 6 hours
- What are security/strategic studies?
- Theoretical Approaches to security studies
- Issues/challenges: enduring problems, changing problems and emerging problems

Unit 2: Evolution of Strategic Thoughts 16 hours

- Early Years:
o Kautilya, Sun-Tzu, Machiavelli
- Period of Nationalism and Industrial Revolution
o Karl von Clausewitz, Napolean
- Period of Armed Peace ( Geopolitics & Security)
o Alfred Mahan, Helmuth von Moltke, Alfred von Schlieffen
- Age of Total Wars
o Churchill, Liddell Hart, JFC Fuller
- Communist Strategic Thinkers
o Karl Marx and Mao
 Unit 3: Dynamics of Nuclear Strategy 6 hours
- Concept of Nuclear Strategy
- Deterrence Theory
- Nuclear Non-proliferation
- Use of Nuclear/ Chemical/ Radiological and Biological Warfare
Unit 4: Strategic Theory 8 hours
- Land warfare,
- Naval warfare and Sea power
- Air power
- Irregular warfare
- Terrorism
- Cyber Warfare
- Hybrid Warfare

Unit 5: Intelligence, Counterintelligence, and Covert Action 4 hours

- Definitions
- Impact of Intelligence operations on international relations

Unit 8: Strategic Thoughts in Nepal 8 hours

- Prithivi Narayan Shah's Unification Strategy
- Security on Post Unification Nepal Nepal
- Contemporary Thinking on Security Issues

Textbooks/ References
Art, Robert. “The Four Functions of Force.” Robert Art and Kenneth N. Waltz,
eds., the Use of Force, 4th ed., Lanham, MD: Univ. Press of America, 1993. 80

Paylis, John, Strategy in the Contemporary World: An Introduction to Strategic Studies,

Oxford University Press: California, 2006.
Bull, Hedley, Strategic Studies and Its Critics, Australian Political Studies Association,
1967.
Buzan, Barry, An introduction to strategic studies: military technology and international
relations, Macmillan in association with the International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1987.
Freedman, Lawrence, The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy, Palgrave McMilan, 2003.
Gottfried, Kurt and Bruce G. Blair. Crisis Stability and Nuclear War New York: Oxford
University Press, 1988.
Gray, Colin, S., Geopolitics, Geography and Strategy, Taylor and Francis, 1999.
Hagerty, Devin T. “Nuclear Deterrence in South Asia: The 1990 Indo-Pakistani Crisis,”
International Security Vol. 20, No. 2 (Winter 1995/1996), pp. 79-114.
Khanal, Rabindra, Adhikari, Pushpa, National Security of Nepal, Sangam Institute, 2009.
 Kokoshin, Andrej, Soviet Strategic Thought 1917-91, Belfer Center for Science and
International Affairs, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 1999.
Schelling, Thomas. Arms and Influence, Yale University Press, 2006.
The Evolution of Strategic Thoughts, Classic Adelphi Papers, The International
Institute for Strategic Studies, 2008.