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CAUSON Assignment 1M

This document appears to be an assignment submitted by Emmanuel A. Causon to Engr. Nelson Notarte for CE 411 – Reinforced Concrete 1. It includes questions on determining the maximum steel ratio and confinement zone length for seismic conditions according to the 2001 and 2015 National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP). It also reproduces a table from the 2015 NSCP showing strength reduction factors under different reinforcement and loading conditions.

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Emmanuel Causon
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2K views

CAUSON Assignment 1M

This document appears to be an assignment submitted by Emmanuel A. Causon to Engr. Nelson Notarte for CE 411 – Reinforced Concrete 1. It includes questions on determining the maximum steel ratio and confinement zone length for seismic conditions according to the 2001 and 2015 National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP). It also reproduces a table from the 2015 NSCP showing strength reduction factors under different reinforcement and loading conditions.

Uploaded by

Emmanuel Causon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of the Cordilleras

College of Engineering and Architecture


Department of Civil Engineering

Assignment 1-M

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in


CE 411 – Reinforced Concrete 1
3RD Trimester, S.Y. 2019-2020

SUBMITTED BY:
CAUSON, Emmanuel A.

SUBMITTED
TO:
ENGR. NELSON NOTARTE
SE, CE, MsCE

23 July 2020

Questions:
1. What is the formula for maximum steel ratio rho max under the latest
ACI Code being used in the 2015 NSCP? If fy = 275MPa, f'c = 21
MPa, compare the values of rho max under 2001 NSCP and 2015 NSCP. Which is
higher?

0.85 βƒ' c 3
Based from the NSCP 2015, the maximum steel ratio, ρmax = [ ]. For NSCP 2001,
ƒy 7
0.85ƒ ' cβ 600
ρmax = 0.75ρb where ρb = . Using NSCP 2015, an increase of areas for shear
ƒy (600+ƒy )
reinforcement and the maximum shear and maximum moment of failed members will be
produced compared to the provisions of NSCP 2001.

2.  How do we determine the length of the "confinement zone" for special spacing
requirements of stirrups in a beam due to seismic (earthquake) conditions?

a. Check proposed beam dimensions limits:


- Clear span > 4d ; d = effective depth
- b/D ≥ 0.3
- b > 250mm
- b < column width + 1.5D

b. Calculate - As (Top Main Rebar) at Internal Supports (i.e. Section at Inner end of Beam
Span):

a = As fy / (0.85 fc’ b) ;a = depth of compression block; fy = rebar yield stress; fc’ = 28-day
compressive strength of concrete cylinder
Mu < φMn = φ As fy (d – a/2) ; φ = 0.9
Mu = applied negative moment from structural analysis moment envelope; φ = strength
reduction or construction quality factor = 0.9; d = effective depth to rebar (or centroid of a
group of rebars).
You may substitute “a” in “Mu” and solve the quadratic equation for As.

c. Check Limits on the As calculated in step 2:


ρ = As/bd > ρmin = 200/fy; fy in psi units, or 1.4/fy if fy in MPa
ρ > 3√ fc’/ fy ; psi units
ρ < 0.025
d. Calculate , - As at External Supports and Check Limits: Same as steps 2 and 3 but with
Mu for external supports.

e. Calculate the Minimum Positive Moment Strengths that must exist at the Internal and
External Supports:
In each case, substitute the As provided from steps 2 and 4, in the moment equation of step 2
to get the negative moment strength.

In each case, the minimum positive moment strength that must exist at the section, +Mn =
φMn/2

f. Calculate + As (Bottom Main Rebar) Near Beam’s Mid-Span:


Same as steps 2 and 3 but with Mu as applied positive moment from the structural analysis
results. Substitute the As provided in the moment equation to get the positive moment
strength near mid-span, +Mn, mid-span .

Compare with results of step e; if +Mn, mid-span > the moments calculated in step 5, then
simply extend the + As (botton rebar) at mid-span to the internal and external supports. If
not, additional bottom rebar will be needed at any support that has too small a +Mn.

g. Calculate and Check the Required Anchorage Lengths for the Main Rebars that end in the
External Columns, ldh:

For standard 90 deg hooks, and for both the top and bottom bars, ldh is the larger of:

ldh > fy db/(65 √ fc’) ; psi units; db is the rebar diameter

ldh > 8db

ldh > 150mm

Check the length of the rebar in the proposed beam-column joint zone (from inside edge of
column to end of bar including curved part) and ensure that this length > ldh.

h. Calculate Seismic Shear Rebar:


The seismic shear is the shear in the hinges and is typically higher than the
elastic shear of the structural analysis results.
- Calculate the gravity load when the earthquake occurs, wu = 1.2wD + 1.6wL where wD is
the dead load in force per unit length that the beam carries, and wL is the live load (in force
per unit length).

- Calculate the seismic shear:


Vu = wul/2 ± (Mpr1 + Mpr2)/l

Mpr1, Mpr2 are the relevant worst-case pair of φMn strengths at the left and right ends of the
beam considering when the earthquake is pushing to the right then to the left. They are
calculated as done before but with φ = 1 an f is 25% higher that the one used before, along
with the actual As provided. I the beam’s length.

-Calculate Vc:
If (Mpr1 + Mpr2)/l > Vu/2 and Pu < Ag fc’/20, then Vc = 0
If (MpL + MpR)/l ≤ Vu/2 or Pu ≥ Ag fc’/20, then Vc = 2√ fc’ bwd ; bw is the width of
the beam’s web.

-Calculate φVs:
φVs = Vu – φVc ; φ = 0.75

-Calculate the stirrup spacing, s:


- Select a stirrup rebar size and fy and calculate its cross-sectional area for 2 legs, Av - s
= Av fyv d / Vs
i. Check Stirrup Spacing:
In the confinement zone (2h from the column face and where the seismic shear steel must be
placed):
s < smax which is the smallest of:
= d/4
= 8 x diameter of smallest main rebar
= 24 x stirrup diameter
= 300mm

Outside the confinement zone, s < smax = d/2

3. Reproduce the table from NSCP 2015 showing the values of strength reduction phi under
different conditions of strain in steel.
Maximum Permissible Strength Reduction Factors

Transverse Minimum Permissible


Strength Classification
reinforcement Φ

Flexure, Axial Tension Controlled All cases 1

Compression Spirals* 0.9


both
Controlled Others 0.8

Shear, Torsion, or both     0.8

Bearing     0.8
* Spirals shall satisfy Sections 4.10.7.6.3, 420.2.2 and 425.7.3 of NSCP 2015

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