Contents

 Introduction
 Need of Wi-Fi Technology
 Purpose
 History
 Wi-Fi Technology
 How a Wi-Fi Network Works
 Topologies & Configurations
 Applications
 Wi-Fi Security
 Advantages & Limitations
 Innovations
Wi-Fi Technology
 Introduction
3

Wireless Technology is an alternative to Wired

Technology, which is commonly used, for connecting
devices in wireless mode.
Wi-Fi is a generic term that refers to the IEEE 802.11
communications standard for Wireless Local Area
Networks (WLANs).

Wi-Fi Network connect computers to each other, to the

internet and to the wired network.

Wi-Fi works on physical and data link layer.

Wi-Fi Technology
 Naming secret
4

 The term Wi-Fi suggests Wireless Fidelity, resembling the

long-established audio-equipment classification term high
fidelity (in use since the 1930s ) or Hi-Fi (used since 1950).
 Phil Belanger who is the founding member of the Wi-Fi
Alliance states that term Wi-Fi was never supposed to mean
anything at all.
 The “yin-yang” logo indicates the certification of a product for
interoperability.

Wi-Fi Technology
5 Need of Wi-Fi Technology
 Rat’s Nest Of Wires
6

Home!
!!

Wi-Fi Technology
 Cables for Keyboard, Mouse, Power
7
etc.

Wi-Fi Technology
 Freedom from wires!!
8

Wi-Fi Technology
 Purpose
9

 The purpose of Wi-Fi is to hide complexity by enabling

wireless access to applications and data, media and streams.
 The main aims of Wi-Fi are:
 make access to information easier
 ensure compatibility and co-existence of devices
 eliminate complex cabling
 eliminate switches, adapters, plugs, pins and connectors

Wi-Fi Technology
10 History
 Wi-Fi Alliance
11

 Wi-Fi technology builds on IEEE 802.11 standards. The IEEE

develops and publishes these standards, but does not test
equipment for compliance with them. The non-profit Wi-Fi
Alliance formed in 1999 to fill this void.
 The Wi-Fi Alliance, a global association of companies.
 As of 2009 the Wi-Fi Alliance consisted of more than 300
companies from around the world.
 Manufacturers with membership in the Wi-Fi Alliance, whose
products pass the certification process, gain the right to mark
those products with the Wi-Fi logo.

Wi-Fi Technology
 Wireless Landscape
12

Wireless Technology Transmission Distance Speed

Bluetooth 33 feet 1 Mbps
Satellite Worldwide 290ms latency
1G Analog cellular Nationwide
2G digital cellular Nationwide 14 Kbps
2.5G digital cellular Nationwide 384 Kbps
3G digital cellular Nationwide 2-10 Mbps
WLAN 802.11b 375 feet 11 Mbps
WLAN 802.11a, g 300 feet 54/128 Mbps
Fixed broadband Wireless (BWA) 35 miles 1 Gbps
WAP Nationwide 384 Kbps
WiMAX 802.16, 4G 10 miles 75 Mbps

Wi-Fi Technology
 Wireless Data Networks
13

50 Mbps
802.11 is WiFi
Spread
10 Mbps
Spectrum WAP is small
Infrared Wireless handhelds
2 Mbps Wireless LANs
Data Rates

LANs
1 Mbps
2.5 GHz
Service
Broadband PCS
56 Kbps
Circuit and Packet Data
19.6 Kbps Cellular, CDPD, Mobitex, DataTac
Narrow Band Wireless
9.6 Kbps LANs Satellite
Narrowband PCS

Local Wide
Coverage Area
14 Wi-Fi Technology
 The Wi-Fi Technology
15

 The technology used in Wi-Fi is easiest to understand in terms of

radio. It is quite similar to walkie-talkies, the only difference being in
the strength of signals.
 An ordinary walkie-talkie can handle only limited data in the range of
1000 bps, and operate at 49 MHz. In the case of Wi-Fi radios, the
signal strength is much more, so they can handle much higher data
rates.
 There are three versions of Wi-Fi radios currently available- the ones
that work with,
 802.11b
 802.11a
 802.11g

Wi-Fi Technology
 IEEE 802.11b
16

 Appeared in late 1999

 Operates at 2.4GHz radio spectrum
 11 Mbps (theoretical speed) - within 30 m Range
 4-6 Mbps (actual speed)
 100 -150 feet range
 Most popular, Least Expensive
 Interference from mobile phones and Bluetooth devices which
can reduce the transmission speed.

Wi-Fi Technology
 IEEE 802.11a
17

 Introduced in 2001
 Operates at 5 GHz (less popular)
 54 Mbps (theoretical speed)
 15-20 Mbps (Actual speed)
 50-75 feet range
 More expensive
 Not compatible with 802.11b

Wi-Fi Technology
 IEEE 802.11g
18

 Introduced in 2003
 Combine the feature of both standards (a,b)
 100-150 feet range
 54 Mbps Speed
 2.4 GHz radio frequencies
 Compatible with ‘b’

Wi-Fi Technology
 Which Standard is right for
19
me?

Wi-Fi Technology
 Standards
20
• IEEE 802.11 - The original 1 Mbit/s and 2 Mbit/s, 2.4 GHz RF and IR standard
• IEEE 802.11a - 54 Mbit/s, 5 GHz standard (1999, shipping products in 2001)
• IEEE 802.11b - Enhancements to 802.11 to support 5.5 and 11 Mbit/s (1999)
• IEEE 802.11d - International (country-to-country) roaming extensions
• IEEE 802.11e - Enhancements: QoS, including packet bursting
• IEEE 802.11f - Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP)
• IEEE 802.11g - 54 Mbit/s, 2.4 GHz standard (backwards compatible with b) (2003)
• IEEE 802.11h - 5 GHz spectrum
• IEEE 802.11n - Higher throughput improvements
• IEEE 802.11p - Wireless Access for the Vehicular Environment
• IEEE 802.11r - Fast roaming
• IEEE 802.11s - Wireless mesh networking
• IEEE 802.11T - Wireless Performance Prediction (WPP) - test methods and metrics
• IEEE 802.11u - Interworking with non-802 networks (e.g., cellular)
• IEEE 802.11v - Wireless network management
• IEEE 802.11w - Protected Management Frames
Wi-Fi Technology
 Elements of a WI-FI Network
21

• Access Point (AP) - The AP is a wireless LAN transceiver or

“base station” that can connect one or many wireless devices
simultaneously to the Internet.
• Wi-Fi cards - They accept the wireless signal and relay
information. They can be internal and external.(e.g PCMCIA
Card for Laptop and PCI Card for Desktop PC)
• Safeguards - Firewalls and anti-virus software protect
networks from uninvited users and keep information secure.

Wi-Fi Technology
 How a Wi-Fi Network Works
22

Wi-Fi Technology
23 Topologies & Configurations
 AP-based topology
24

 The client communicate through Access Point.

 BSA-RF coverage provided by an AP.
 ESA-It consists of 2 or more BSA.
 ESA cell includes 10-15% overlap to allow roaming.

Wi-Fi Technology
 Peer-to-Peer topology
25

 AP is not required.
 Client devices within a cell can communicate directly with
each other.
 It is useful for setting up of a wireless network quickly and
easily.

Wi-Fi Technology
 Point-to-Multipoint bridge
26
topology
 This is used to connect a LAN in one building to LANs in
other buildings even if the buildings are miles apart. These
conditions receive a clear line of sight between buildings.
 The line-of-sight range varies based on the type of wireless
bridge and antenna used as well as the environmental
conditions.

Wi-Fi Technology
 Wi-Fi Configurations
27

 Wi-Fi is composed of three main sectors:

 Home (individual residences and apartment buildings)
 Public (Round about 70,000 “hotspots” through out the world)
 Enterprise (corporations, universities, office parks)

Wi-Fi Technology
 Wi-Fi Configurations Contd.
28

Wi-Fi Technology
 Devices & Components
29

PCMCIA Card (Portables)

USB adapter
PCI adapter (outside)
(inside)
Wi-Fi Technology
 Devices Contd.
30

Clients Antenna
• 2.4 GHz client adapter (802.11b) •2.4GHz
• 5 GHz client adapter (802.11a) •5 GHz Antennas
• Workgroup bridge (802.11b)

Wi-Fi Technology
31 Challenges and Issues
 Radio Signal Interference
32

Radio and Infrared transmissions

susceptible to noise and
interference

Wi-Fi Technology
 Interference Contd.
33

Cardboard Paper
Wood Firewalls

Microwave Fluorescent
Electrical Ovens Lighting
Transformers Wi-Fi Technology
34 Applications
35 Wi-Fi Technology
 Wi-Fi Security
36

 Service Set Identifier (SSID)

 Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
 Wireless Protected Access (WPA)
 IEEE 802.11i

 WEP and WPA are encryption protocols that you can choose
from in your router's firmware.
 Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), a subset of the upcoming
802.11i security standard, will replace the flawed Wired
Equivalent Privacy (WEP).
 Without your SSID, people will not be able to join your Wi-Fi
hotspot.

Wi-Fi Technology
37 Advantages & Limitations
 Advantages
38

 Mobility
 Ease of Installation
 Flexibility
 Cost
 Reliability
 Security
 Use unlicensed part of the radio spectrum
 Roaming
 Speed

Wi-Fi Technology
 Limitations
39

 Interference
 Degradation in performance
 High power consumption
 Limited range

Wi-Fi Technology
40 Innovations
 WiFi Phone
41

 A Wi-Fi phone is a wireless

device that gives you the dual
benefits of wireless
connectivity and the cost
savings of VoIP.
 From this angle, Wi-Fi phone
looks like the next big thing in
the telecom revolution.

Wi-Fi Technology
 Wi-Fi Camera
42

Wi-Fi Technology
 Mobile Energy Management
43

Wi-Fi Technology
Thank
You
Wi-Fi Technology