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Lab Session 5

The document describes the design of a microstrip patch antenna operating at 10 GHz. It discusses the key components of a patch antenna, including the feed line, microstrip patch, and matching transformer. It also covers different feeding methods and the design steps, which include calculating the patch width and length, adjusting the length to optimize resonance frequency, and designing a quarter-wave matching transformer to match the antenna impedance to the feed line impedance. Parameter sweeps are used to tune the antenna resonance to the target frequency of 10 GHz before matching.

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Kunal Khandelwal

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Lab Session 5

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Kunal Khandelwal

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Design and Optimization of a

Microstrip Patch Antenna

Session 5
A Microstrip Patch Antenna

The patch antenna consists of three basic components:

1. Feed line.

2. Microstrip Patch

3. Matching transformer.

h
Sub_wid

Mohamed Kheir - GUC

Feeding Methods

1. Microstrip Feed.
2. Inset Feed.
3. Coaxial Probe Feed.
4. Proximity Feed.
5. Aperture-Coupled Feed.

Mohamed Kheir - GUC

Feeding Methods

Inset Feed Coaxial Probe Feed

Mohamed Kheir - GUC

Feeding Methods

Proximity Feed

Aperture-Coupled Feed

Mohamed Kheir - GUC

Feeding Methods

Linearly-Polarized Circularly-Polarized

Mohamed Kheir - GUC

Design Steps

1. Calculation of the patch width W

L
2. Calculation of the patch length L

Sub_wid

Mohamed Kheir - GUC

Design Steps

ΔL

Leff

ΔL

Mohamed Kheir - GUC

Design Steps

Design the patch length and Observe the resonance

Design the feed network
width frequency

(1) (2) (3)

Adjust the patch length to Design the quarter wave

Shift the reference plane to
optimize resonance transformer
the patch edge to obtain Zin
frequency if required

(4) (5) (6)

Optimize for the best

performance

(7)
Mohamed Kheir - GUC
Problem

It is required to design a microstrip patch antenna operating at a frequency of

10 GHz. The antenna should be realized on an FR4 substrate material with the
following parameters.

εr = 4.4 W
h = 1.5 mm
Feed_wid = 2.87 mm
L
Sub_wid = 20 mm
Sub_len = 20 mm
L = 5.93 mm h

W = 9.12 mm Sub_wid
Ignore metallization
thickness!

Mohamed Kheir - GUC

Shift Reference Plane

This step is essential for

evaluating the input impedance
of the patch antenna at
resonance (Zin = Rin + Xin).

From the waveguide port icon,

add the required length to be
moved in calculations at
“Reference plane”

You may define a new variable “feed_len” and

insert it in the reference plane field!

Mohamed Kheir - GUC

Input Impedance Calculation

From “Template based Post

processing” choose 1D results
and then Z parameters

Select the real and imaginary

values of Z11.

Mohamed Kheir - GUC

Initial Results (Before Matching)

It is clear from both graphs that

the antenna resonates at 10.54
GHz (Rin is max and Xin is
zero at resonance).

The value of Rin is 245.4 Ω.

This value will be further used
for matching the patch antenna
with the input feed.

Mohamed Kheir - GUC

Resonance Impedance

300 X: 2.39
Y: 272.4

250 Real

200 Imaginary

150
Zin = 272.4 Ω
Zin ()

100

-50

-100

-150
1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Frequency (GHz)

Mohamed Kheir - GUC

Parameter Sweep

It is now necessary to adjust the resonance

frequency of the antenna to 10 GHz before the
matching process. This can be done by varying the
patch length “L” using “parameter sweep”.

Mohamed Kheir - GUC

Quarter-Wave Matching Transformer

50 Ω 50  254.5 Ω 245.4 Ω

λg/4

By using the microstrip line design equations, the

transformer width will be calculated from its characteristic
impedance while its length from the electrical length λg/4.
This yields the following physical dimensions:

Match_len = 4.4 mm
Match_wid = 0.44 mm