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OSI 7 Layers Reference Model For Network Communication

The OSI 7 layer model is a conceptual framework developed by ISO for network communication standards. It divides communication tasks into 7 layers, with each layer building on the ones below it and providing services to the layers above. Layer 1 deals with physical network connections and Layer 7 interacts directly with users applications. Together these layers provide a complete description of the communication process and allow network protocols and hardware to be developed independently.

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34 views

OSI 7 Layers Reference Model For Network Communication

The OSI 7 layer model is a conceptual framework developed by ISO for network communication standards. It divides communication tasks into 7 layers, with each layer building on the ones below it and providing services to the layers above. Layer 1 deals with physical network connections and Layer 7 interacts directly with users applications. Together these layers provide a complete description of the communication process and allow network protocols and hardware to be developed independently.

Uploaded by

ShaneDmx
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OSI 7 Layers Reference Model For Network Communication

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference model developed by ISO


(International Organization for Standardization) in 1984, as a conceptual framework of
standards for communication in the network across different equipment and applications
by different vendors. It is now considered the primary architectural model for inter-
computing and internetworking communications. Most of the network communication
protocols used today have a structure based on the OSI model. The OSI model defines the
communications process into 7 layers, which divides the tasks involved with moving
information between networked computers into seven smaller, more manageable task
groups. A task or group of tasks is then assigned to each of the seven OSI layers. Each
layer is reasonably self-contained so that the tasks assigned to each layer can be
implemented independently. This enables the solutions offered by one layer to be updated
without adversely affecting the other layers.  

The OSI 7 layers model has clear characteristics. Layers 7 through 4 deal with end to end
communications between data source and destinations. Layers 3 to 1 deal with
communications between network devices. 

On the other hand, the seven layers of the OSI model can be divided into two groups:
upper layers (layers 7, 6 & 5) and lower layers (layers 4, 3, 2, 1). The upper layers of the
OSI model deal with application issues and generally are implemented only in software.
The highest layer, the application layer, is closest to the end user. The lower layers of the
OSI model handle data transport issues. The physical layer and the data link layer are
implemented in hardware and software. The lowest layer, the physical layer, is closest to
the physical network medium (the wires, for example) and is responsible for placing data
on the medium.

The specific description for each layer is as follows:

Layer 7:Application Layer


Defines interface to user processes for communication and data transfer in network
Provides standardized services such as virtual terminal, file and job transfer and operations
 Layer 6:Presentation Layer
Masks the differences of data formats between dissimilar systems
Specifies architecture-independent data transfer format
Encodes and decodes data; Encrypts and decrypts data; Compresses and decompresses
data
 Layer 5:Session Layer
Manages user sessions and dialogues
Controls establishment and termination of logic links between users
Reports upper layer errors
 Layer 4:Transport Layer
Manages end-to-end message delivery in network
Provides reliable and sequential packet delivery through error recovery and flow control
mechanisms
Provides connectionless oriented packet delivery
Layer 3:Network Layer
Determines how data are transferred between network devices
Routes packets according to unique network device addresses
Provides flow and congestion control to prevent network resource depletion
 Layer 2:Data Link Layer
Defines procedures for operating the communication links
Frames packets
Detects and corrects packets transmit errors
 Layer 1:Physical Layer
Defines physical means of sending data over network devices
Interfaces between network medium and devices
Defines optical, electrical and mechanical characteristics

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