ACT 314

Louisiana Youth Concussion Act

During the 2011 Legislative session ACT 314, “Louisiana Youth Concussion Act”, was signed into
law. ACT 314 has three major requirements.

1. Prior to beginning of each athletic season, provide pertinent information to all coaches,
officials, volunteers, youth athletes, and their parents or legal guardian which informs of
the nature and risk of concussion and head injury, including the risks associated with
continuing to play after a concussion or head injury.

2. Require each coach, whether such coach is employed or a volunteer, and every official
of a youth activity that involves interscholastic play to compete an annual concussion
recognition education course.

3. Requires as a condition of participation in any athletic activities that the youth athlete
and the youth athlete’s parent or legal guardian sigh a concussion and head injury
information sheet which provides adequate notice of the statutory requirements which
must be satisfied in order for an athlete who has or is suspected to have suffered a
concussion or head injury to return to play.

ACT 314 gives the responsibility of compliance of the act to the governing authority of each
public and nonpublic elementary school, middle school, junior high school, and high school. As
a result of many requests from our member schools, the LHSAA Sports Medicine Advisory
Committee met and came up with some suggestions that may help our member schools to be
in compliance with this law. We have included the following documents to help you in your
responsibility. The LHSAA is not named in this law, so DO NOT SEND THIS DOCUMENTATION
TO THE LHSAA; keep it on file at your school for your own protection of compliance.

General Information
LHSAA Concussion Policy/Rule (Adopted in 2010)
Suggested Return-to-Play Healthcare Provider Release
Suggested Step-wise Return-to-Play Progression
LHSAA Suggested Home Instruction Sheet
LHSAA Return-to-Competition Form
Pocket SCAT2 Evaluation Tool
Coaches/Officials Information
A Fact Sheet for Coaches (Center for Disease Control and Prevention or CDC)
A Coaches Concussion Statement (LHSAA Sports Medicine Committee)
A Sideline Sheet for Coaches (Center for Disease Control and Prevention or CDC)
An Officials Concussion Statement (LHSAA Sports Medicine Committee)
Student-Athletes/Parents Information
A Fact Sheet for Athletes (Center for Disease Control and Prevention or CDC)
A Fact Sheet for Parents (Center for Disease Control and Prevention or CDC)
A Parent’s Guide to Concussion in Sports (National Federation of State High School
Association or NFHS)
A Parent and Student-Athlete Concussion Statement (LHSAA Sports Medicine
Committee)
A Home Instruction Sheet (LHSAA Sports Medicine Committee)

To help meet the education course aspect of ACT 314, the LHSAA recommends that individuals
go to the NFHS website, www.nfhslearn.com, and click the link Concussion in Sports: What you
need to Know, under Great Free Courses.
 LHSAA BASI C CONCUSSI ON RULE

Any player who exhibits signs, symptoms or behaviors consistent with a

concussion (such as loss of consciousness, headache, dizziness, confusion or
balance problems) shall be immediately removed from the contest and shall
not return to play until cleared by an appropriate health-care professional.

A concussion is a traumatic brain injury that interferes with normal brain

function. An athlete does not have to lose consciousness to have suffered a
concussion.

Common Symptoms of Concussion include:

headache, fogginess, difficulty concentrating, easily confused, slowed thought

processes, difficulty with memory, nausea, lack of energy, dizziness or poor
balance, blurred vision, sensitive to light and sounds, mood changes²
irritable, anxious, or tearful

LHSAA Adopted Concussion M anagement Protocol:

1. No athlete shall return to play (RTP) or practice on the same day of a

concussion.
2. Any athlete suspected of having a concussion shall be evaluated by an
appropriate health-care professional that day. I f one is not available,
the Head Coach shall make the determination.
3. Any athlete diagnosed with a concussion shall be medically cleared by a
M edical Doctor or a Doctor of Osteopathic medicine, each of which
must be licensed to practice in Louisiana, prior to resuming
participation in any practice or competition.
4. After medical clearance, RTP should follow a step-wise protocol with
provisions as determined by a M edical Doctor or Doctor of Osteopathic
M edicine, each licensed to practice in Louisiana, for delayed RTP based
upon return of any signs or symptoms.
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 U.S. D EPARTMENT OF H EALTH AND H UMAN S ERVICES
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

ACTION PLAN 3. Inform the athlete’s parents or guardians

about the possible concussion and give
WHAT SHOULD A COACH DO WHEN them the fact sheet on concussion.
A CONCUSSION IS SUSPECTED? Make sure they know that the athlete
1. Remove the athlete from play. Look for should be seen by a health care professional A Fact Sheet for COACHES
the signs and symptoms of a concussion if experienced in evaluating for concussion.
your athlete has experienced a bump or
blow to the head. Athletes who experience 4. Allow the athlete to return to play only
signs or symptoms of concussion should not with permission from a health care
To download the coaches fact sheet in Spanish, please visit www.cdc.gov/ConcussionInYouthSports
be allowed to return to play. When in doubt, professional with experience in evaluating Para descargar la hoja informativa para los entrenadores en español, por favor visite:
for concussion. A repeat concussion that www.cdc.gov/ConcussionInYouthSports
keep the athlete out of play.
occurs before the brain recovers from the
2. Ensure that the athlete is evaluated first can slow recovery or increase the THE FACTS
right away by an appropriate health care likelihood of having long-term problems. • A concussion is a brain injury.
professional. Do not try to judge the Prevent common long-term problems and • All concussions are serious.
severity of the injury yourself. Health care the rare second impact syndrome by delaying • Concussions can occur without loss of consciousness.
professionals have a number of methods the athlete’s return to the activity until • Concussions can occur in any sport.
that they can use to assess the severity of the player receives appropriate medical
concussions. As a coach, recording the • Recognition and proper management of concussions when they
evaluation and approval for return to play.
following information can help health care first occur can help prevent further injury or even death.
professionals in assessing the athlete after REFERENCES
the injury: 1. Powell JW. Cerebral concussion: causes, effects, and risks in WHAT IS A CONCUSSION? recreational activity. As many as 3.8 million
sports. Journal of Athletic Training 2001; 36(3):307-311. A concussion is an injury that changes sports- and recreation-related concussions
2. Langlois JA, Rutland-Brown W, Wald M. The epidemiology and
• Cause of the injury and force of the hit impact of traumatic brain injury: a brief overview. Journal of Head how the cells in the brain normally work. occur in the United States each year.2
or blow to the head Trauma Rehabilitation 2006; 21(5):375-378. A concussion is caused by a blow to the
• Any loss of consciousness (passed out/ 3. Lovell MR, Collins MW, Iverson GL, Johnston KM, Bradley JP. Grade
head or body that causes the brain to move RECOGNIZING A POSSIBLE
knocked out) and if so, for how long 1 or “ding” concussions in high school athletes. The American
• Any memory loss immediately following Journal of Sports Medicine 2004; 32(1):47-54. rapidly inside the skull. Even a “ding,” CONCUSSION
4. Institute of Medicine (US). Is soccer bad for children’s heads? To help recognize a concussion, you
the injury “getting your bell rung,” or what seems to
Summary of the IOM Workshop on Neuropsychological
• Any seizures immediately following the Consequences of Head Impact in Youth Soccer. Washington (DC): be a mild bump or blow to the head can be should watch for the following two things
injury among your athletes:
National Academy Press; 2002. serious. Concussions can also result from a
• Number of previous concussions (if any) 5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sports-related
recurrent brain injuries-United States. Morbidity and Mortality
fall or from players colliding with each 1. A forceful blow to the head or body
Weekly Report 1997; 46(10):224-227. Available at: other or with obstacles, such as a goalpost. that results in rapid movement of
www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046702.htm.
the head.
The potential for concussions is greatest in -and-
athletic environments where collisions are 2. Any change in the athlete’s behavior,
If you think your athlete has sustained a concussion… common.1 Concussions can occur, however, thinking, or physical functioning. (See
take him/her out of play, and seek the advice of a health care professional in any organized or unorganized sport or the signs and symptoms of concussion
experienced in evaluating for concussion. listed on the next page.)
July 2007

For more information and to order additional materials free-of-charge, visit:

www.cdc.gov/ConcussionInYouthSports
For more detailed information on concussion and traumatic brain injury, visit:
www.cdc.gov/injury
It’s better to miss one game than the whole season.
 U.S. D EPARTMENT OF H EALTH AND H UMAN S ERVICES
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

Explain your concerns about concussion from play until evaluated and given
S I G N S A N D S Y M P TO M S and your expectations of safe play to permission to return by a health care
athletes, parents, and assistant coaches. professional). Parents and athletes should
SIGNS OBSERVED BY COACHING STAFF SYMPTOMS REPORTED BY ATHLETE Pass out the concussion fact sheets for sign the concussion policy statement at the
• Appears dazed or stunned • Headache or “pressure” in head athletes and for parents at the beginning beginning of the sports season.
• Is confused about assignment • Nausea or vomiting of the season and again if a concussion
or position • Balance problems or dizziness occurs. • Teach athletes and parents that it’s not
• Forgets sports plays • Double or blurry vision smart to play with a concussion.
• Is unsure of game, score, or opponent • Sensitivity to light • Insist that safety comes first. Sometimes players and parents wrongly
• Moves clumsily • Sensitivity to noise > Teach athletes safe playing techniques believe that it shows strength and courage
• Answers questions slowly • Feeling sluggish, hazy, foggy, and encourage them to follow the rules to play injured. Discourage others from
• Loses consciousness (even briefly) of play. pressuring injured athletes to play. Don’t
or groggy
> Encourage athletes to practice good let athletes persuade you that they’re “just
• Shows behavior or personality • Concentration or memory problems
sportsmanship at all times. fine” after they have sustained any bump
changes • Confusion
> Make sure athletes wear the right or blow to the head. Ask if players have
• Can’t recall events prior to hit or fall • Does not “feel right”
protective equipment for their activity ever had a concussion.
• Can’t recall events after hit or fall
(such as helmets, padding, shin guards,
Adapted from Lovell et al. 2004 and eye and mouth guards). Protective • Prevent long-term problems. A repeat
equipment should fit properly, be well concussion that occurs before the brain
Athletes who experience any of these signs or PREVENTION AND PREPARATION maintained, and be worn consistently recovers from the first—usually within a
symptoms after a bump or blow to the head As a coach, you can play a key role in and correctly. short period of time (hours, days, or
should be kept from play until given permission preventing concussions and responding to > Review the athlete fact sheet with your weeks)—can slow recovery or increase the
to return to play by a health care professional them properly when they occur. Here are team to help them recognize the signs likelihood of having long-term problems. In
with experience in evaluating for concussion. some steps you can take to ensure the best and symptoms of a concussion. rare cases, repeat concussions can result in
Signs and symptoms of concussion can last outcome for your athletes and the team: brain swelling, permanent brain damage,
from several minutes to days, weeks, months, Check with your youth sports league or and even death.This more serious condition
or even longer in some cases. • Educate athletes and parents about administrator about concussion policies. is called second impact syndrome.4,5 Keep
concussion. Talk with athletes and their Concussion policy statements can be athletes with known or suspected concussion
Remember, you can’t see a concussion and parents about the dangers and potential developed to include the league’s from play until they have been evaluated
some athletes may not experience and/or long-term consequences of concussion. For commitment to safety, a brief description and given permission to return to play by a
report symptoms until hours or days after the more information on long-term effects of of concussion, and information on when health care professional with experience in
injury. If you have any suspicion that your concussion, view the following online video athletes can safely return to play following evaluating for concussion. Remind your
athlete has a concussion, you should keep the clip: http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/tbi/ a concussion (i.e., an athlete with known athletes: “It’s better to miss one game than
athlete out of the game or practice. Coaches_Tool_Kit.htm#Video. or suspected concussion should be kept the whole season.”
 U.S. D EPARTMENT OF H EALTH AND H UMAN S ERVICES
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

ACTION PLAN 3. Inform the athlete’s parents or guardians

about the possible concussion and give
WHAT SHOULD A COACH DO WHEN them the fact sheet on concussion.
A CONCUSSION IS SUSPECTED? Make sure they know that the athlete
1. Remove the athlete from play. Look for should be seen by a health care professional A Fact Sheet for COACHES
the signs and symptoms of a concussion if experienced in evaluating for concussion.
your athlete has experienced a bump or
blow to the head. Athletes who experience 4. Allow the athlete to return to play only
signs or symptoms of concussion should not with permission from a health care
To download the coaches fact sheet in Spanish, please visit www.cdc.gov/ConcussionInYouthSports
be allowed to return to play. When in doubt, professional with experience in evaluating Para descargar la hoja informativa para los entrenadores en español, por favor visite:
for concussion. A repeat concussion that www.cdc.gov/ConcussionInYouthSports
keep the athlete out of play.
occurs before the brain recovers from the
2. Ensure that the athlete is evaluated first can slow recovery or increase the THE FACTS
right away by an appropriate health care likelihood of having long-term problems. • A concussion is a brain injury.
professional. Do not try to judge the Prevent common long-term problems and • All concussions are serious.
severity of the injury yourself. Health care the rare second impact syndrome by delaying • Concussions can occur without loss of consciousness.
professionals have a number of methods the athlete’s return to the activity until • Concussions can occur in any sport.
that they can use to assess the severity of the player receives appropriate medical
concussions. As a coach, recording the • Recognition and proper management of concussions when they
evaluation and approval for return to play.
following information can help health care first occur can help prevent further injury or even death.
professionals in assessing the athlete after REFERENCES
the injury: 1. Powell JW. Cerebral concussion: causes, effects, and risks in WHAT IS A CONCUSSION? recreational activity. As many as 3.8 million
sports. Journal of Athletic Training 2001; 36(3):307-311. A concussion is an injury that changes sports- and recreation-related concussions
2. Langlois JA, Rutland-Brown W, Wald M. The epidemiology and
• Cause of the injury and force of the hit impact of traumatic brain injury: a brief overview. Journal of Head how the cells in the brain normally work. occur in the United States each year.2
or blow to the head Trauma Rehabilitation 2006; 21(5):375-378. A concussion is caused by a blow to the
• Any loss of consciousness (passed out/ 3. Lovell MR, Collins MW, Iverson GL, Johnston KM, Bradley JP. Grade
head or body that causes the brain to move RECOGNIZING A POSSIBLE
knocked out) and if so, for how long 1 or “ding” concussions in high school athletes. The American
• Any memory loss immediately following Journal of Sports Medicine 2004; 32(1):47-54. rapidly inside the skull. Even a “ding,” CONCUSSION
4. Institute of Medicine (US). Is soccer bad for children’s heads? To help recognize a concussion, you
the injury “getting your bell rung,” or what seems to
Summary of the IOM Workshop on Neuropsychological
• Any seizures immediately following the Consequences of Head Impact in Youth Soccer. Washington (DC): be a mild bump or blow to the head can be should watch for the following two things
injury among your athletes:
National Academy Press; 2002. serious. Concussions can also result from a
• Number of previous concussions (if any) 5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Sports-related
recurrent brain injuries-United States. Morbidity and Mortality
fall or from players colliding with each 1. A forceful blow to the head or body
Weekly Report 1997; 46(10):224-227. Available at: other or with obstacles, such as a goalpost. that results in rapid movement of
www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046702.htm.
the head.
The potential for concussions is greatest in -and-
athletic environments where collisions are 2. Any change in the athlete’s behavior,
If you think your athlete has sustained a concussion… common.1 Concussions can occur, however, thinking, or physical functioning. (See
take him/her out of play, and seek the advice of a health care professional in any organized or unorganized sport or the signs and symptoms of concussion
experienced in evaluating for concussion. listed on the next page.)
July 2007

For more information and to order additional materials free-of-charge, visit:

www.cdc.gov/ConcussionInYouthSports
For more detailed information on concussion and traumatic brain injury, visit:
www.cdc.gov/injury
It’s better to miss one game than the whole season.
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS ACTION PLAN

These signs and symptoms may indicate If you suspect that a player has a concussion,
that a concussion has occurred. you should take the following steps:
SIGNS OBSERVED SYMPTOMS REPORTED
BY COACHING STAFF BY ATHLETE 1. Remove at hlete from play.

Appears dazed Headache or 2. Ensure ath lete is evaluated by an

or stunned "pressure" in head appropriate health care professional .
Do not try to j udge the seriousness of
Is confused about Nausea or the injury yourself.
assignment or position vomiting
3. Inform athlete 's parents or guard ians about
Forgets sports plays Balance problems the known or possible concussion and give
or dizziness them the fact sheet on concussion.
Is unsure of game,
score, or opponent
Double or blurry vision 4. Allow athlete to return to play only with
Moves clumsily permission from an appropriate health care
Sensitivity to light professional .
Answers questions slowly
Sensitivity to noise
IMPORTANT PHONE NUMBERS
Loses consciousness
(even briefly) Feeling sluggish, hazy,
FILL I N T HE NAM E A ND NU MBE R OF YOUR LOCAL
foggy, or groggy
Shows behavior or HOSPITA U S) BEL OW :

personal ity changes Concentration Hospit al Name: _

or memory problems
Can't recall events Hospit al Phone: _
prior to hit or fall Confusion Hospital Name: _

Can't recall events Hospital Phone: _

Does not "feel right"
after hit or fall
For immediate attention, CALL 911

If you think your athlete has sustained a concussion.. . tske him/her out of play,
and seelc the advice of a health care professional experienced in evaluating for concussion.
o
o
N
free-of-ch arge, visit :
For more information and to order additiona l materials
www.cdc.gov/ConcussionInYouthSports
 LOUISIANA  HIGH  SCHOOL  ATHLETIC  ASSOCIATION  

OFFICIALS  CONCUSSION  STATEMENT  

After  reading  the  Concussion  Fact  Sheet,  and  reviewing  the  LHSAA  Concussion  Management  Protocol,  
I  am  aware  of  the  following  information:  

     Initial:  

_______      A  concussion  is  a  brain  injury  which  athletes  should  report  to  the  medical  staff.  

ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺĐŽŶĐƵƐƐŝŽŶĐĂŶĂĨĨĞĐƚƚŚĞĂƚŚůĞƚĞ͛ƐĂďŝůŝƚLJƚŽƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĞǀĞƌLJĚĂLJĂĐƚŝǀŝƚŝĞƐ͕ĂŶĚĂĨĨĞĐƚ
reaction  time,  balance,  sleep,  and  classroom  performance.    You  cannot  always  see  a  concussion,  but  
you  might  notice  some  of  the  symptoms  right  away.    Other  symptoms  can  show  up  hours  or  days  after  
the  injury.  

_______      I  will  not  knowingly  allow  the  athlete  to  return  to  play  in  a  game  if  he/she  has  received  a  
blow  to  the  head  or  body  that  results  in  concussion-­‐related  symptoms.  

_______      Athletes  shall  not  return  to  play  in  a  game  on  the  same  day  that  they  are  suspected  of  
having  a  concussion.  

_______      If  I  suspect  an  athlete  has  suffered  a  concussion,  it  is  my  responsibility  to  take  that  athlete  
to  the  sideline  to  the  Head  Coach.  

_______      I  will  encourage  the  athlete  to  report  any  suspected  injuries  and  illnesses  to  the  medical  
staff,  including  signs  and  symptoms  of  concussions.  

_______      Following  concussion  the  brain  needs  time  to  heal.    Concussed  athletes  are  much  more  
likely  to  have  a  repeat  concussion  if  they  return  to  play  before  their  symptoms  resolve.    In  rare  cases,  
repeat  concussions  can  cause  permanent  brain  damage,  and  even  death.  

_______      I  am  aware  that  athletes  diagnosed  with  a  concussion  must  be  assessed  by  an  appropriate  
healthcare  provider.    Athletes  will  begin  a  graduated  return  to  play  protocol  following  full  recovery  of  
neurocognition  and  balance.  

___________________________________________                      _____________________________________  

                                     Printed  Name  of  Official                                                                                                                            Signature  of  Official  

 
 U.S . DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

A Fact Sheet for ATHLETES

WHAT IS A CONCUSSION? • Get a medical check up. A doctor or health care

A concussion is a brain injury that : professional can tell you if you have a concussion
• Is caused by a bump or blow to the head and when you are a1< to return to play.
• Can change the way your brain normally works
• Give yourself time to get better. If you have
• Can occur during practices or games in
had a concussion, your brain needs time to heal.
any sport
While your brain is still healing, you are much
• Can happen even if you haven't been
more likely to have a second concussion. Second
knocked out
or later concussions can cause damage to your
• Can be serious even if you've just been "dinged"
brain . It is important to rest until you get
approval from a doctor or health care
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF
professional to return to play.
A CONCUSSION?
• Headache or "pressure" in head
HOW CAN I PREVENT A CONCUSSION?
• Nausea or vomiting
Every sport is different, but there are steps you
• Balance problems or dizziness
can take to protect yourself.
• Double or blurry vision
• Follow your coach's rules for safety and the
• Bothered by light
ru les of the sport.
• Bothered by noise
• Practice good sportsmanship at all times .
• Feeling sluggish, hazy, foggy, or groggy
• Use the proper sports equipment, including
• Difficulty paying attention
personal protective equipment (such as helmets,
• Memory problems
padding, shin guards, and eye and mouth
• Confusion
guards) . In order for equipment to protect you,
• Does not "feel right"
it must be:

WHAT SHOULD I DO IF I THINK

> The right equipment for the game, position,
I HAVE A CONCUSSION?
or activity
• Tell your coaches and your parents. Never > Worn correctly and fit well
ignore a bump or blow to the head even if you > Used every time you play
feel fine. Also, tell your coach if one of your
teammates might have a concussion .

It's better to miss one game than the whole season.

For more information and to orderadditional materials free-of-charge. visit: For more detailed information on concussion and traumatic brain injury, visit:
www.cdc.govjConcussionInYouthSports www.cdc.govjinjury
 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

A Fact Sheet for PARENTS

WHAT IS A CONCUSSION?
A concussion is a brain injury. Concussions are caused HOW CAN YOU HELP YOUR CHILD
by a bump or blow to the head. Even a "dinq," "getting PREVENT A CONCUSSION?
your bell runq, " or what seems to be a mild bump or Every sport is different, but there are steps your children
blow to the head can be serious. can take to protect themselves from concussion.
• Ensure that they follow their coach's rules for
You can't see a concussion. Signs and symptoms of safety and the ru les of the sport.
concussion can show up right after the injury or may • Encourage them to practice good sportsmanship
not appear or be noticed until days or weeks after the at all times .
injury. If your child reports any symptoms of concussion, • Make sure they wear the right protective equipment
or if you notice the symptoms yourself, seek medical for their activity (such as helmets, padding, shin
attention right away. guards, and eye and mouth guards). Protective
equipment should fit properly, be well maintained,
WHAT ARE THE SIGNS AND and be worn consistently and correctly.
SYMPTOMS OF A CONCUSSION? Learn the signs and symptoms of a concussion.
Signs Observed by Parents or Guardians
If your child has experienced a bump or blow to the WHAT SHOULD YOU DO IF YOU THINK
head during a game or practice, look for any of the YOUR CHILD HAS A CONCUSSION?
following signs and symptoms of a concussion:
1. Seel< medical attention right away. A health
• Appears dazed or stunned
care professional will be able to decide how serious
• Is confused about assignment or position
the concussion is and when it is safe for your child
• Forgets an instruction
to return to sports.
• Is unsure of game, score, or opponent
• Moves clumsily
2. Keep your child out of play. Concussions take
• Answers questions slowly
time to heal. Don't let your child return to play
• Loses consciousness (even briefly)
until a health care professional says it's 01<.
• Shows behavior or personality changes
Children who return to play too soon-while the
• Can't recall events prior to hit or fall
brain is still healing-risk a greater chance of
• Can't recall events after hit or fall
having a second concussion. Second or later
Symptoms Reported by Athlete concussions can be very serious. They can cause
• Headache or "pressure" in head permanent brain damage, affecting your child for
• Nausea or vomiting a lifetime.
• Balance problems or dizziness
• Double or blurry vision 3. Tell your child's coach about any recent
• Sensitivity to light concussion. Coaches should know if your child
• Sensitivity to noise had a recent concussion in ANY sport. Your
• Feeling sluggish, hazy, foggy, or groggy child's coach may not know about a concussion
• Concentration or memory problems your child received in another sport or activity
• Confusion unless you tell the coach .
• Does not "feel right"

It's better to miss one game than the whole season.

For more information and to order additional materials free-af-charge, visit: For more detailed information on concussion and traumatic brain injury, visit:
WWW.Cdc.gov/ConcussionInYouthSports WWW.Cdc.gov/injury
 SUGGESTED GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT OF
CONCUSSION IN SPORTS
National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS)
Sports Medicine Advisory Committee (SMAC)

Introduction
A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury that interferes with normal function of
the brain. It occurs when the brain is rocked back and forth or twisted inside the skull as
a result of a blow to the head or body. What may appear to be only a mild jolt or blow to
the head or body can result in a concussion.

The understanding of sports-related concussion by medical professionals continues

to evolve. We now know that young athletes are particularly vulnerable to the effects of
a concussion. Once considered little more than a “ding” on the head, it is now
understood that a concussion has the potential to result in a variety of short- or long-
term changes in brain function or, in rare cases, even death.

What is a concussion?
You’ve probably heard the terms “ding” and “bell-ringer.” These terms were
previously used to refer to minor head injuries and thought to be a normal part of
collision sports. Research has now shown us that there is no such thing as a minor
brain injury. Any suspected concussion must be taken seriously. The athlete does not
have to be hit directly in the head to injure the brain. Any force that is transmitted to the
head in any matter may cause the brain to literally bounce around or twist within the
skull, potentially resulting in a concussion.

It used to be believed that a player had to lose consciousness or be

“knocked-out” to have a concussion. This is not true, as the vast majority
of concussions do not involve a loss of consciousness. In fact, less than 5%
of players actually lose consciousness with a concussion.

What exactly happens to the brain during a concussion is not entirely understood. It
appears to be a very complex process affecting both the structure and function of the
brain. The sudden movement of the brain causes stretching and tearing of brain cells,
damaging the cells and creating chemical changes in the brain. Once this injury occurs,

1
the brain is vulnerable to further injury and very sensitive to any increased stress until it
fully recovers.

Common sports injuries such as torn ligaments and broken bones are structural
injuries that can be detected during an examination, or seen on x-rays or MRI. A
concussion, however, is primarily an injury that interferes with how the brain works.
While there is damage to brain cells, the damage is at a microscopic level and cannot
be seen on MRI or CT scans. Therefore, the brain looks normal on these tests, even
though it has been seriously injured.

Recognition and Management

If an athlete exhibits any signs, symptoms, or behaviors that make you suspicious
that he or she may have had a concussion, that athlete must be removed from all
physical activity, including sports and recreation. Continuing to participate in physical
activity after a concussion can lead to worsening concussion symptoms, increased risk
for further injury, and even death.

Parents and coaches are not expected to be able to “diagnose” a concussion. That
is the role of an appropriate health-care professional. However, everyone involved in
athletics must be aware of the signs, symptoms and behaviors associated with a
concussion. If you suspect that an athlete may have a concussion, then he or she must
be immediately removed from all physical activity.

Signs Observed by Coaching Staff

 Appears dazed or stunned
 Is confused about assignment or position
 Forgets an instruction
 Is unsure of game, score or opponent
 Moves clumsily
 Answers questions slowly
 Loses consciousness (even briefly)
 Shows mood, behavior or personality changes
 Can’t recall events prior to hit or fall
 Can’t recall events after hit or fall

Symptoms Reported by Athlete

 Headaches or “pressure” in head
 Nausea or vomiting
 Balance problems or dizziness
 Double or blurry vision
 Sensitivity to light
 Sensitivity to noise
 Feeling sluggish, hazy, foggy or groggy
 Concentration or memory problems
 Confusion

2
  Does not “feel right” or is “feeling down”

When in doubt, sit them out!

When you suspect that a player has a concussion, follow the “Heads Up” 4-step Action
Plan.
1. Remove the athlete from play.
2. Ensure that the athlete is evaluated by an appropriate health-care professional.
3. Inform the athlete’s parents or guardians about the possible concussion and give
them information on concussion.
4. Keep the athlete out of play the day of the injury and until an appropriate health-
care professional says he or she is symptom-free and gives the okay to return to
activity.

The signs, symptoms, and behaviors associated with a concussion are not always
apparent immediately after a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or body and may develop
over a few hours or longer. An athlete should be closely watched following a suspected
concussion and should never be left alone.

Athletes must know that they should never try to “tough out” a suspected
concussion. Teammates, parents and coaches should never encourage an athlete to
“play through” the symptoms of a concussion. In addition, there should never be an
attribution of bravery to athletes who do play despite having concussion signs and/or
symptoms. The risks of such behavior must be emphasized to all members of the team,
as well as coaches and parents.

If an athlete returns to activity before being fully healed from an initial concussion,
the athlete is at greater risk for a repeat concussion. A repeat concussion that occurs
before the brain has a chance to recover from the first can slow recovery or increase the
chance for long-term problems. In rare cases, a repeat concussion can result in severe
swelling and bleeding in the brain that can be fatal.

What to do in an Emergency
Although rare, there are some situations where you will need to call 911 and activate
the Emergency Medical System (EMS). The following circumstances are medical
emergencies:
1. Any time an athlete has a loss of consciousness of any duration. While loss of
consciousness is not required for a concussion to occur, it may indicate more
serious brain injury.
2. If an athlete exhibits any of the following:
 decreasing level of consciousness,
 looks very drowsy or cannot be awakened,
 if there is difficulty getting his or her attention,
 irregularity in breathing,
 severe or worsening headaches,
 persistent vomiting, or

3
  any seizures.

Cognitive Rest
A concussion can interfere with school, work, sleep and social interactions. Many
athletes who have a concussion will have difficulty in school with short- and long-term
memory, concentration and organization. These problems typically last no longer than 2
-3 weeks, but for some these difficulties may last for months. It is best to lessen the
student’s class load early on after the injury. Most students with concussion recover
fully. However, returning to sports and other regular activities too quickly can prolong
the recovery.

The first step in recovering from a concussion is rest. Rest is essential to help the
brain heal. Students with a concussion need rest from physical and mental activities that
require concentration and attention as these activities may worsen symptoms and delay
recovery. Exposure to loud noises, bright lights, computers, video games, television and
phones (including texting) all may worsen the symptoms of concussion. As the
symptoms lessen, increased use of computers, phone, video games, etc., may be
allowed, as well as a gradual progression back to full academic work.

Return to Learn
Following a concussion, many athletes will have difficulty in school. These problems
may last from days to months and often involve difficulties with short- and long-term
memory, concentration, and organization. In many cases, it is best to lessen the
student’s class load early on after the injury. This may include staying home from school
for a few days, followed by a lightened schedule for a few days, or longer, if necessary.
Decreasing the stress on the brain early on after a concussion may lessen symptoms
and shorten the recovery time.

Return to Play
After suffering a concussion, no athlete should return to play or practice on that
same day. In the past, athletes were allowed to return to play if their symptoms
resolved within 15 minutes of the injury. Studies have shown us that the young brain
does not recover quickly enough for an athlete to return to activity in such a short time.

An athlete should never be allowed to resume physical activity following

a concussion until he or she is symptom free and given the approval
to resume physical activity by an appropriate health-care professional.

Once an athlete no longer has signs, symptoms, or behaviors of a concussion and is cleared
to return to activity by an appropriate health-care professional, he or she should proceed in
a step-wise fashion to allow the brain to re-adjust to exercise. In most cases, the athlete will
progress one step each day. The return to activity program schedule may proceed as below,
following medical clearance:

4
Progressive Physical Activity Program (ideally under supervision)
Step 1: Light aerobic exercise- 5 to 10 minutes on an exercise bike or light jog; no weight
lifting, resistance training, or any other exercises.
Step 2: Moderate aerobic exercise- 15 to 20 minutes of running at moderate intensity in the
gym or on the field without a helmet or other equipment.
Step 3: Non-contact training drills in full uniform. May begin weight lifting, resistance
training and other exercises.
Step 4: Full contact practice or training.
Step 5: Full game play.

If symptoms of a concussion reoccur, or if concussion signs and/or behaviors

are observed at any time during the return-to-activity program, the athlete
must discontinue all activity and be re-evaluated by his or her health-care
provider.

Suggested Concussion Management

1. No athlete should return to play (RTP) or practice on the same day of a
concussion.
2. Any athlete suspected of having a concussion should be evaluated by an
appropriate health-care professional that day.
3. Any athlete with a concussion should be medically cleared by an appropriate
health-care professional prior to resuming participation in any practice or
competition.
4. After medical clearance, RTP should follow a step-wise protocol with
provisions for delayed RTP based upon return of any signs or symptoms.

References:

American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement: concussion in sport.
Harmon KG, Drezner J, Gammons M, Guskiewicz K, Halstead M, Herring S, Kutcher J,
Pana A, Putukian M, Roberts W; American Medical Society for Sports Medicine.
Clin J Sport Med. 2013 Jan;23(1):1-18.

McCrory P, Meeuwisse WH, Aubry M, et al. Consensus statement on concussion in

sport: the 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich,
November 2012 J Athl Train. 2013 Jul-Aug;48(4):554-75.

Returning to Learning Following a Concussion. Halstead M, McAvoy K, Devore C, Carl

R, Lee M, Logan K and Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness, and Council on School
Health. Pediatrics, October 2013. American Academy of Pediatrics.

5
Additional Resources:

Brain 101 – The Concussion Playbook.

http://brain101.orcasinc.com/5000/

Concussion in Sports- What you need to know.

http://www.nfhslearn.com/electiveDetail.aspx?courseID=15000

Heads Up: Concussion in High School Sports

http://www.cdc.gov/concussion/headsup/high_school.html

NFHS Sports Medicine Handbook, 4th Ed, 2011.

REAP Concussion Management Program.

http://www.rockymountainhospitalforchildren.com/sports-medicine/concussion-
management/reap-guidelines.htm

Sport Concussion Library

http://www.sportconcussionlibrary.com/content/concussions-101-primer-kids-and-
parents

Revised and Approved October 2013

January 2011
April 2009
October 2008
October 2005

DISCLAIMER – NFHS Position Statements and Guidelines

The NFHS regularly distributes position statements and guidelines to promote public awareness of certain health and safety-related
issues. Such information is neither exhaustive nor necessarily applicable to all circumstances or individuals, and is no substitute for
consultation with appropriate health-care professionals. Statutes, codes or environmental conditions may be relevant. NFHS
position statements or guidelines should be considered in conjunction with other pertinent materials when taking action or planning
care. The NFHS reserves the right to rescind or modify any such document at any time.

6
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