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Lectures Postgraduate Mobile Communication

This document provides an overview of mobile communication systems from 1G to 5G. It discusses the evolution from analog 1G systems to digital 2G systems using TDMA and CDMA. It then covers 3G systems including UMTS and improvements from 3.5G to 4G LTE. It also discusses key technologies such as channel access methods, coding, multiple access techniques, and wireless propagation effects including pathloss, multipath, and the two-ray propagation model. Main textbooks on mobile communications are also referenced.

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Sakena Abbas
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35 views

Lectures Postgraduate Mobile Communication

This document provides an overview of mobile communication systems from 1G to 5G. It discusses the evolution from analog 1G systems to digital 2G systems using TDMA and CDMA. It then covers 3G systems including UMTS and improvements from 3.5G to 4G LTE. It also discusses key technologies such as channel access methods, coding, multiple access techniques, and wireless propagation effects including pathloss, multipath, and the two-ray propagation model. Main textbooks on mobile communications are also referenced.

Uploaded by

Sakena Abbas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lectures postgraduate Mobile

communication
Mobile Communication Systems
Introduction and historical background, The wireless and cellular
environments, The wireless propagation channel, Legacy systems and brief
introduction to AMPS and TACS, Modulation and coding for wireless
systems, Modulation techniques (analogue and digital, BPSK, QPSK and
QAM, OFDM), Multiple access techniques (TDMA, FDMA and CDMA),
Coding (error control and source coding)
GSM: System architecture, The physical layer, Logical and physical
channels, Data and services, 2.5 G Basics (HSCSD, GPRS, EDGE, EGPRS)
UMTS: System architecture, The physical layer, Coding and channel
allocation, Network design, 3.5 and 3.75 systems (HSDPA, HSUPA and
HSPA)
4th generation systems and LTE: System architecture and and evolved packet
core (EPC), The physical layer, Beyond 4G and the move to 5G systems
Other aspects and technologies: Mobile networks implementation and
planning, Mobile services and business aspects
Main textbooks &References
• Main textbook:
 Mischa Schwartz , ‘Mobile Wireless communications’.
 Jochen Schiller, “Mobile Communications”, Addison-Wesley,
2003.
• References:.
 S. Sesia, I. Toufik, M. Baker, LTE – The UMTS Long Term
Evolution From Theory to Practice Second Edition.
 W.W.Lu, “Broadband Wireless Mobile: 3G and beyond, Wiley,
2002
 C.Cox, “An introduction to LTE- LTE, LTE-Advanced, SAE and
4G Mobile Communications”, Wiley, 2012
 David Tse, Fundamentals of Wireless Communication,
September 10, 2004
History of mobile communication
First Generation Systems
• All these systems were analog systems, using FDMA technology. They
are also known as First Generation (1G) systems. Different systems came
into use based on the cellular principle. They are listed below.
• The first mobile communication systems to see large-scale commercial
growth arrived in the 1980s and became known as the ‘First Generation’
systems. The First Generation used analogue technology and comprised a
number of independently developed systems worldwide (e.g. AMPS
(Analogue Mobile Phone System, used in America), TACS (Total Access
Communication System, used in parts of Europe), NMT (Nordic Mobile
Telephone, used in parts of Europe) and J-TACS (Japanese Total Access
Communication System, used in Japan and Hong Kong)).
• Disadvantages of 1G systems
1. They were analog and hence are were not robust to interference.
2. Different countries followed their own standards, which were
incompatible.
To overcome the difficulties of 1G, digital technology was chosen by
most of the countries and a new era, called 2G, started.
Advantages of 2G

• Improved Spectral Utilization achieved by using


advanced modulation techniques.
• Lower bit rate voice coding enabled more users getting
the services simultaneously.
• Reduction of overhead in signaling paved way for
capacity enhancement.
• Good source and channel coding techniques make the
signal more robust to Interference.
• New services like SMS were included.
• Improved efficiency of access and hand-off control
were achieved.
• The Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS)
was the first generation cellular technology that
uses separate frequencies, or "channels", for each
conversation that was released through the 1980s
with limited data rates. Then, it was evaluated to
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA).
• Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and
CDMA are characterized as a channel access
method used by various radio communication
technologies and they represent the second
generation. In particular, CDMA2000 is a family
of the third generation which uses CDMA channel
access to send voice, data, and signaling data
between mobile phones and cell sites.
 Classic Wireline MaBell Public Switched Telephone Network
(PSTN)
– US Universal coverage achieved early 1980’s
 “Wireless” First Generation Analog Systems
– Speech
– AMPS, TACS
 Second Generation Digital Systems
– Enhanced Capacity
– CDMA, D-AMPS, TDMA, GSM, DECT, PDC
 2.5 Generation Systems
– Low Speed Data
– GPRS, EDGE
 Third Generation Systems
– “INTERNET” on Wireless
– WiFi/HyperLAN <-> WiMAX/Hyper WAN <-> CDMA2000/WCDMA
– Evolution to All IP Network including VoIP
3G
• However, the real new revolution began with Third Generation Partnership
Project (3GPP) in December 1998. 3GPP concept was established through
the cooperation of wireless communications associations to issue a globally
viable third generation system, with standard specifications, inside the
range of the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 project (IMT-
2000) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
• Meanwhile, the 3GPP specifications and standards are based on a Global
for Mobile communications (GSM) specifications.
• Furthermore, the access to information and services on public, private, and
heterogeneous networks would be enhanced by higher rate of data transfer
capability and a new flexible communication ability to achieve the users’
needs. 3GPP’s Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks achieved the next
step towards high data rate transfers and the support of all multimedia
functions and requirements. LTE networks were developed to improve the
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) mobile phone
standards to face future requirements. LTE network approach was not a
standard itself, but it resulted in the newly evolved Release 8 of UMTS
standard and contained most (if not all)of the extensions, expansions, and
modifications of UMTS standards.
4G
Evolutionary path technology
5G
• Five generation (5G) denotes the next major
phase of mobile telecommunications
standards beyond 4G. 5G can be a complete
wireless communication without limitation,
which bring us perfect real world wireless,
supportable to the World Wide Wireless Web
(WWWW). The Next Generation Mobile
Networks Alliance defines the high speed and
high capacity.
Propagation
• These various tests, as well as many other tests
carried out over the years following, led to the
understanding that propagation effects could be
understood in their simplest form as being the
combination of three factors: an inverse distance-
dependent average received power variation of
the form 1/d, n an integer greater than the usual
free-space factor of 2; a long-term statistical
variation about the average received power, which
is now referred to as shadow or log normal
fading; a short-term, rapidly varying, fading effect
due to vehicle motion.
Pathloss
Multipath
Tow –ray module

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