4PPlyi1 t s operapicn bn relalisn, s

duplcomge te me the
eniohg
relain eo ow CAgAhh
a comge
names oibke br the codten
Cthe dauta Hhe relaiop a n
-
Hocs ever, 1t boible h
e n MS the att ibre as eoell.

eld shod-
stud ent (Reno, shvd od-nan,
parueutaddm
Jt s oleusted y he symbs.
aed oamager gueonov
a

F o ra U 1
A

pbose Hhot eoe

oisk to tind alU evstouwrs
clb ave a acesnt at all the oranehe. tooaf
ed in Brooklm.
e are vem branoh reloon.
branch-voame bremah-iy
BrDoly 71,oo, ooo
oconEOon Brok lyn 9,O6O
ianws Horseneck
AOrth Tocon 37,,OM
ye
hoxee neclc
Perry >id 9e
 oona Bennin gbo 3. D,UM
eoduodod alo 41b 4, O0,0O
Kound I| hoTse ede

le are aso ien the fo]lo-oing too elaimo,

CooMer nome cuntuubfr

Hoye -102
Teu soM A 10
Jewso t-2o
inc sa - 2 22
-21
Tumer -30
Sig the debesibr relohau
S-wher.
CotovorervOTUte Bramch naw
Dooutosu STb
au
A- I022
Pemridge
A-30S

2 n gton 3S
A-222
Rdwd 760
A-217
rig ton 7S

tlhe occasu reatioy.

 sk P FRd all onchen coiel are docapd in Bdrelf

(Branch)
Brameh dy Broklyu"

Bramonnawe Branch.o sels Becoa

Cig hbu Brstk y 71,00, UD
Don a Brst
Pre echisr
Branchnanne
Bng htovy
Doan toO

SQL.
seFd qt cestouer nae branch - w
ostome hame acoun.

tnahnd
 Accowt J
bebos or
Costoer_ naue Hccowt wher Breunel
Penynde e y6D
Ho A102
Doon town StD
Setnugou
usou. A 20
SouO A-207
760
inds Ao2
A-21S Mfanws
Tu
mer Rend

lcstou ts nanP, braudh uaue

Pepost tu A
Cotowea noMe braue nauw
Hoye Pempidge
euasn iqthon
Tone
nd ay Ai-aus Podwad
Roud uMI
 doacto > stavdard.

have a
Oho accanf at cultthe branchey
ed Pn bode n
Shetl3'ocaled

Cosome nam
Jenns

SQL.
todu cion ho sql, DOL, DML
-SOL Stauds or sruckured Puery CangLage.
-IE oas eaafer n ouou a SEQUEL Fed
tor s h
caunod enginsn guery laq uage
-IE Ca me o t ts am
M as
-Almos a cowmmerciod BMSs suapoat sQL.
-1is am fudushiaeepo do tue sa d da-
toloase monafemef suteucs
9ue
SQL has eababilibe 7 d e a i ond mamiJatulahms
daaboae
I t h o othhree major en cou
-(DDopa de?nofion.longuage
(PDe)
ore waunpdabou Carguade (RML)
2)
3 Dota cofro laugaqDeL)
 s p e i a l y mea
-is apoqraming
auguade
Cang .a7
Enanpulariug
dentg 9ueriny
geuesarou Cang
-lt fs aso ecdes 46L a
fo eseprem aho hes lhe
Oe co oue

equuNS ooa in t h e d o t e b a n e .

Oue coqes Hhat iAs.

needu n k proqram
Jb
s hoo the ueeded zegwremets aae

lae a e l i e e

u e i n Cqaohisn)
Selec none o u Studet oha e (o;PA>

6 vcepa>3S ( s d e)

PL:
Tis combouont SPL hos Hhe cowaut
or ereafPg ateing and esppiug. tales.
sQL uaes He s oad eble gor elcou o
0e aa tuple cnd cafumu or a u atfnbute .

s s e anle chng Hhe halle tit

adoug eoth Ih dabr p aud cousait .)
any, i deincd
 eter Consauws tle deraut volue ouny
atbue , nô- nu
primal
eamod eunhy- integn y
rekeoneif amd
q n dre als0 deued DDL.
X
sOtaeuen

DML
ML rovides ceuscs or enfeing,delelina
an wamaaulang, dad-

cL
psovlde cosnck or graatrin a ,
3evo ha authoxiy to ueRS, and Srausathin
wmamg 9ekled-

Creahug ble.

Creafe tabfe talele omnR

(LofumM - uame laa-epe(size):
Coduwm - naul doa pe(vire)a
Cetwwu - naMe 4ala-ypltze )4

table ame Leanp, uameg

Here
Here,
cefuw unmo MeoD na
uM.
 NGe: Reloon a >elehal alzea is called
l e in SQL
cauwM iaS0
Atenbule is ealled

pesi-

wwwaes t u deeihal. b.eint ntber

a nd0
e rr
eunt
sinb, uwhos
o t ded mal poink, n g eonoisfa
oharatkers kes chara ckrs plus ubor
+spil dharadeh dae e ,

ox
ind a daka that a coluw
tees
sQLsupbon olihen oloa p ; a e major
dape 0 }llouus:

CHAR

Te dara type allouus fieed Jeugt el

acherd stvn up to 2
enered and stored.

vARCHATR
Tus daakype va iable leugth eharotwr
ing upto 1o00 haracerss fo be
enreed and stoed
NUMBge
TS dal- Fyae cllouus uloers ndu
diung decima peint to e enleed.and

DATE'-
Tis data dype alloos snly dates t
eukered &ne sred, e (Hepld
p m a s P - Mon rrY -

LONG
very ong n g s Counishn
up o 63S3 cha fersfca comse
ehteved nd sored.
 so .
det m e a m s wmo

So ALTER saemet io vaed gor moo

Ahe snchure a toble.
aM change l n e i z e a celummm
3
ooe ceuld doye erdey
J t io bessie to add n e Cs{umn a uvel

Sqwtae hor odoung uad s{uus

(Pren enfer
ALTER TABLE TALE _ NAMe>
A pD
(neo. Cafumn name
ldojakappe (tre)
Lneo.elun name> elafa bpe (sYzo)7,

Nee: ohat ooe i l e eaoitth in a aira

ang ar releeks an

s i d e ame t have to he le

Sppesiug ha+ M u ' s srup

ENT l a po
, we co suld Aste G add uoo uerd
C w s - Moter's noume and emai addre
Ts s k cau be aecom p4hed , issug
he keuousua S Sfofemeuf

A A81
 ALTER TABLE STUDEAlT ADD.
(Mother -na me v a scha (30), r

Ema address varclha r (3o))

Usg Oroer by eda anse

Order b clauae oleus uo o afaat rt corls

a e aoatelar esluw .Ov-
ou

demig CaM be erHher fa qsceuong ayer

x dseeotng, ordor.
S i siateumet-
selecr * from_sudet;
oldpos at recorcds
studenttable s soafing.
Note * stands gos e iug
seleet o studetoroer t hame dese;

tuden
dislay
oble
u mco>ds om
Ju devendiug order.

cle se: decend A dla do

d
acendg
 drle

select * Prom fud eutt order aue

wetting jo menoueabet tH
nce
orde, ituses 4
dedt olieh s cendiy

uppo
padded
° ed Hha CCPA a ues coluMmu aread
.deut
udeut talle, the aloue SQz
satemeid dixploy alre co ds
sudnt table Soafed P deceudn Ozoder
o CCPA . aMd tevm ou nane.

Select krou studet o der by Cgpa, nam

desc;
 C-V
lwksgiusralus,
O Pomoln iwkegny Couroiut
sality tak4, CoU r a i n s

Kernkialiugviy conxhalnd

aksqiy- Dakabase meww be hue (cohect) amd

coukistamt
xLousrainbi- Rues thot must be leoed t
dalabaye.
lnkeariy conshroinsta wes Hhaf wut e llb-
Coe sb Hhot dalabase s crseet ox ue aand
md
cso cousi staw

-CenaraPnt deined
arn aA
ulesa i el have Fod
ba. eleoedlu ease os databases Boo, o e hae sel-
,

som sules olieln ha to ae kaleeoed. i e

Vaeuws tpes coushants Hhacam be ciied
e d
rlahool data base schena, fclude
elleuing
) Domain enusraink.
tegri cosfreius
ansralnkr
Consrau
The abeve weuiauedd ecousrainh ax <euial so
e daabase be rue and e u u s t t , a m d an

e called ntegnty cousali.

S10Pauaain (ouuouds e p i t danai
Here, data asociad
cally mdude inkegers, feloafng peiut wwbeK,
e , Hme, shing,el.ReaieoSou tie set
Values o Hheattbue e
can sheshed. e

cousa hukor aledd be cm n e e r bekpeen

O and 999 oara deste iun
maximM wwlkor
the atnbuk Nauue,
ahould Le
Damon ousraint, e o e s otibt
e opaises the deiued, dala tyee and
deiuedsize. for endulsele , in L ,duam
covirauls ar obeod b Creaing table ar
usraeeelop
Croae table shudeud
CRegisraionuuuaor duwber uo).
Naue vaxchar (uo),
Addesa varoar (uo),
Sex vardhar )
Dae- ith dake,
Fathernauevaacdhar(uo
Mether-naue vaarchar (O
YDgraM
varelar (eo));
 The abe sqL stafeme hies eacl
astn beue posse
& e.
daa deined d Fipr.

2)Eniy lMRgn (onsrainks,

Hhar each veDo n a
OcuMy iarih
elaioA aan
ceushrai ueutures
quely idoukkid
by m athi bue aled oainary key. h e beiàn
canebe hae a NOLL value..TAs iS be aadaa tHA JK.
canet
ary ke valua ja used o Ideuhy iudivisuo tufples
nla sel&iou. Having nutl values torHhe i may ke
ke
molies thot we cado- ideulby sque t\plea, pora
mple itoo ox mee hod wu Hieir
lway keya ,oe wig uet be able o d i a g i
For A. s
exauole, in seL, entity iteasiy, enorced
ug Hhe sfmao ko Ise Beaia thd fable
shooue/s«o- K
Creae k sprden
(Regisroaiou -nuuber Nwber (o),
Aldme vaachar (uo)
Adeess varcdhar (40),
Sex yarchar (),
Dale-oe -bith
(4),
Dafe
Faher-name varelar (uo),
Noer. noune vercorlus),
trogra vaTchar (ao),
Pwa uwaer )):
leoResbrhe auuae ))
 nar, hos
Here,
ee, e a t a u e , Raishason-
Jbeen declayed o- Hhe bmay key a t e Falble
ee.
3Rgezeuia tutepity Coustalats
ai
ourni Ha elaes sos realls and wdns
ConuseuCy acr
Jo4secy acro the relafious To make this clear,
let us eduusider koo relahfous Raud S
let leF PE be
the paima ka R, cwd let Pk also, ae p~ten
S
R,Td Me o h g atbues qelak»
elaios Rand s arerelofed. +Hheu Pk called
oHhe elakon, S.
e
athibufes in korelgn key wu
hesame deuain have
the othíbutes da Hetr
as

baimary respechiue
>ReLereut talegity ewsues ha
fe
value oj Hhe paiumary te evem
lu SQL
rereia inleqny euperced by
deelarinq-foreig be
pximam r e aRiL{es f
colich a table
e.oter tables.
poY exawle, in given SQL s{afement
a
sales-oxder- delalshas been
,
a able
s-0 der- n. tnao ied
order aubere t nteces alle
AsFthe i ,
sales
ke
 Cveae able Aale order -deloils
S-Order-no varclar (a),
psotuc- no varchar (6),
u a u i - ordered amber (8),
qua4oispateled wuuaer (Rs),
30duerae uwwber (8,2),
mar ce A-eder -no psoduer-uo),
smay
ereiqa ke0 (S -shder-uo) sepereuee s salererer

ey Coushnigs-
A elaou deued as a ao tples. a
olevafn,al eleueu a set ave diafncr Tis eaus HdlfF
notpes Cau hae Hhe saume counlsinofan a values por cu
their ttbufes.
l u geueral, a elatfonscheua mau ave MOre
thaun eve è .. l u i s coase eatm Hhe ealle keys
Caled a camddaf key. lt is coum& to dosigsafebue q
Hhe eamdloe key3 ashe bimay toy therelaHs
Hhe pmary ke isiuthe ellieg
wndUsu U ncads velaon
a