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Chapter 2.7 - Relative Motion - Studentversion

1. The document discusses analyzing relative motion between two particles using translating frames of reference. It defines relative position, velocity, and acceleration vectors and shows how they relate to the absolute vectors. 2. Examples are provided to demonstrate solving problems involving relative motion using vector addition and graphical methods like the laws of sines and cosines. 3. Key concepts covered include defining relative position as the difference between absolute positions, and defining relative velocity and acceleration as the difference between absolute velocities and accelerations.

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AmirulHanif Alyahya
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© © All Rights Reserved
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70 views

Chapter 2.7 - Relative Motion - Studentversion

1. The document discusses analyzing relative motion between two particles using translating frames of reference. It defines relative position, velocity, and acceleration vectors and shows how they relate to the absolute vectors. 2. Examples are provided to demonstrate solving problems involving relative motion using vector addition and graphical methods like the laws of sines and cosines. 3. Key concepts covered include defining relative position as the difference between absolute positions, and defining relative velocity and acceleration as the difference between absolute velocities and accelerations.

Uploaded by

AmirulHanif Alyahya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

7 RELATIVE-MOTION ANALYSIS OF TWO PARTICLES


USING TRANSLATING AXES
Learning Outcome:
Upon completion of this sub-chapter, students will be able to:
1. Understand translating frames of reference.
2. Use translating frames of reference to analyze relative motion.
APPLICATIONS
When you try to hit a
moving object, the position,
velocity, and acceleration of
the object all have to be
accounted for by your mind.

You are smarter than you


thought!

Here, the boy on the ground is at d = 10 ft when the girl in


the window throws the ball to him.

If the boy on the ground is running at a constant speed of 4


ft/s, how fast should the ball be thrown?
APPLICATIONS (continued)

When fighter jets take off or


land on an aircraft carrier,
the velocity of the carrier
becomes an issue.

If the aircraft carrier is underway with a forward velocity of 50


km/hr and plane A takes off at a horizontal air speed of 200
km/hr (measured by someone on the water), how do we find the
velocity of the plane relative to the carrier?
How would you find the same thing for airplane B?
How does the wind impact this sort of situation?
RELATIVE POSITION (Section 12.10)

The absolute position of two


particles A and B with respect to
the fixed x, y, z reference frame are
given by rA and rB. The position of
B relative to A is represented by
rB/A = rB – rA

Therefore, if rB = (10 i + 2 j ) m
and rA = (4 i + 5 j ) m,
then rB/A = (6 i – 3 j ) m.
RELATIVE VELOCITY
To determine the relative velocity of B
with respect to A, the time derivative of
the relative position equation is taken.
vB/A = vB – vA
or
vB = vA + vB/A

In these equations, vB and vA are called absolute velocities


and vB/A is the relative velocity of B with respect to A.

Note that vB/A = - vA/B .


RELATIVE ACCELERATION

The time derivative of the relative


velocity equation yields a similar
vector relationship between the
absolute and relative accelerations
of particles A and B.

These derivatives yield: aB/A = aB – aA


or
aB = aA + aB/A
SOLVING PROBLEMS

Since the relative motion equations are vector equations,


problems involving them may be solved in one of two ways.
For instance, the velocity vectors in vB = vA + vB/A could be
written as two dimensional (2-D) Cartesian vectors and the
resulting 2-D scalar component equations solved for up to
two unknowns.
Alternatively, vector problems can be solved “graphically” by
use of trigonometry. This approach usually makes use of the
law of sines or the law of cosines.

Could a CAD system be used to solve these types of problems?


LAWS OF SINES AND COSINES

C Since vector addition or subtraction forms


b a triangle, sine and cosine laws can be
a applied to solve for relative or absolute
velocities and accelerations. As a review,
A
B their formulations are provided below.
c

Law of Sines: a b c
= =
sin A sin B sin C

Law of Cosines: a 2 = b 2 + c 2 - 2 bc cos A


b = a + c - 2 ac cos B
2 2 2

c = a + b - 2 ab cos C
2 2 2
EXAMPLE

Given: vA = 650 km/h


vB = 800 km/h

Find: vB/A

Plan:

a) Vector Method: Write vectors vA and vB in Cartesian


form, then determine vB – vA

b) Graphical Method: Draw vectors vA and vB from a


common point. Apply the laws of sines and cosines to
determine vB/A.
EXAMPLE (continued)

Solution:
a) Scalar Method Method:
EXAMPLE (continued)
b) Graphical Method:
Note that the vector that measures the tip of B relative to A is vB/A.
vA
120

vB/A
vB
Law of Cosines:

Law of Sines:
CONCEPT QUIZ
1. Two particles, A and B, are moving in ft
the directions shown. What should be vB = 4 s
the angle q so that vB/A is minimum? q
B
A) 0° B) 180°
A vA = 3 ft s
C) 90° D) 270°

2. Determine the velocity of plane A with respect to plane B.


A) (400 i + 520 j ) km/hr
B) (1220 i - 300 j ) km/hr
30
C) (-181 i - 300 j ) km/hr
D) (-1220 i + 300 j ) km/hr
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING
Given: vA = 30 mi/h
vB = 20 mi/h
aB = 1200 mi/h2
aA = 0 mi/h2

Find: vB/A
aB/A

Plan:
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING
Given: vA = 30 mi/h
vB = 20 mi/h
aB = 1200 mi/h2
aA = 0 mi/h2

Find: vB/A
aB/A

Plan: Write the velocity and acceleration vectors for A and B


and determine vB/A and aB/A by using vector equations.

Solution:
The velocity of B is:
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING (solution continued)

The velocity of A is:

The relative velocity of B with respect to A is (vB/A):


GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING (solution continued)
The acceleration of B is:

The acceleration of is zero :

The relative acceleration of B with respect to A is:

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