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Sun Program 1

This C++ program calculates the position of the sun for a given date and location. It takes in the year, month, day, time, latitude and longitude from the user. It then performs several calculations to determine the sun's declination, hour angle, azimuth, and altitude for the given date and location. It outputs the sunrise, noon, and sunset times as well as the current solar position.

Uploaded by

Yuv Raj
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
81 views

Sun Program 1

This C++ program calculates the position of the sun for a given date and location. It takes in the year, month, day, time, latitude and longitude from the user. It then performs several calculations to determine the sun's declination, hour angle, azimuth, and altitude for the given date and location. It outputs the sunrise, noon, and sunset times as well as the current solar position.

Uploaded by

Yuv Raj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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// C++ program calculating the solar position for

// the current date and a set location (latitude, longitude)

#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
#include <time.h>
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
using std::ios;
using std::endl;

// extern double pi;


double pi = 3.14159265359;

double tpi = 2 * pi;


double degs = 180.0/pi;
double rads = pi/180.0;

double L,RA,g,daylen,delta,x,y,z;
double SunDia = 0.53; // Sunradius degrees

double AirRefr = 34.0/60.0; // athmospheric refraction degrees //

// Get the days to J2000


// h is UT in decimal hours
// FNday only works between 1901 to 2099 - see Meeus chapter 7

double FNday (int y, int m, int d, float h) {


int luku = - 7 * (y + (m + 9)/12)/4 + 275*m/9 + d;
// type casting necessary on PC DOS and TClite to avoid overflow
luku+= (long int)y*367;
return (double)luku - 730530.0 + h/24.0;
};

// the function below returns an angle in the range


// 0 to 2*pi

double FNrange (double x) {


double b = x / tpi;
double a = tpi * (b - (long)(b));
if (a < 0) a = tpi + a;
return a;
};

// Calculating the hourangle


//
double f0(double lat, double declin) {
double fo,dfo;
dfo = rads*(0.5*SunDia + AirRefr);
if (lat < 0.0) dfo = -dfo; // Southern hemisphere
fo = tan(declin + dfo) * tan(lat*rads);
if (fo>0.99999) fo=1.0; // to avoid overflow //
fo = asin(fo) + pi/2.0;
return fo;
};

// Find the ecliptic longitude of the Sun

double FNsun (double d) {


double w,M,v,r;
// mean longitude of the Sun
w = 282.9404 + 4.70935E-5 * d;
M = 356.047 + 0.9856002585 * d;
// Sun's mean longitude
L = FNrange(w * rads + M * rads);

// mean anomaly of the Sun

g = FNrange(M * rads);

// eccentricity
double ecc = 0.016709 - 1.151E-9 * d;

// Obliquity of the ecliptic

double obliq = 23.4393 * rads - 3.563E-7 * rads * d;


double E = M + degs * ecc * sin(g) * (1.0 + ecc * cos(g));
E = degs*FNrange(E*rads);
x = cos(E*rads) - ecc;
y = sin(E*rads) * sqrt(1.0 - ecc*ecc);
r = sqrt(x*x + y*y);
v = atan2(y,x)*degs;
// longitude of sun
double lonsun = v + w;
lonsun-= 360.0*(lonsun>360.0);

// sun's ecliptic rectangular coordinates


x = r * cos(lonsun*rads);
y = r * sin(lonsun*rads);
double yequat = y * cos(obliq);
double zequat = y * sin(obliq);
RA = atan2(yequat,x);
delta = atan2(zequat,sqrt(x*x + yequat*yequat));
RA*= degs;

// Ecliptic longitude of the Sun

return FNrange(L + 1.915 * rads * sin(g) + .02 * rads * sin(2 * g));


};

// Display decimal hours in hours and minutes


void showhrmn(double dhr) {
int hr,mn;
hr=(int) dhr;
mn = (dhr - (double) hr)*60;
if (hr < 10) cout << '0';
cout << hr << ':';
if (mn < 10) cout << '0';
cout << mn;
};

int main(void){
double year,m,day,h,latit,longit;

time_t sekunnit;
struct tm *p;

// get the date and time from the user


// read system date and extract the year

/** First get time **/


time(&sekunnit);

/** Next get localtime **/

p=localtime(&sekunnit);

year = p->tm_year;
// this is Y2K compliant method
year+= 1900;
m = p->tm_mon + 1;

day = p->tm_mday;
// clock time just now
h = p->tm_hour + p->tm_min/60.0;

double tzone=1.0;
cout << "Input latitude, longitude and timezone\n";
cin >> latit;
cin >> longit;
cin >> tzone;

// testi
// year = 1990; m=4; day=19; h=11.99; // local time
double UT = h - tzone; // universal time
double jd = FNday(year, m, day, UT);

// Use FNsun to find the ecliptic longitude of the


// Sun
double lambda = FNsun(jd);
// Obliquity of the ecliptic

double obliq = 23.4393 * rads - 3.563E-7 * rads * jd;

// Sidereal time at Greenwich meridian


double GMST0 = L*degs/15.0 + 12.0; // hours
double SIDTIME = GMST0 + UT + longit/15.0;
// Hour Angle
double ha = 15.0*SIDTIME - RA; // degrees
ha = FNrange(rads*ha);
x = cos(ha) * cos(delta);
y = sin(ha) * cos(delta);
z = sin(delta);
double xhor = x * sin(latit*rads) - z * cos(latit*rads);
double yhor = y;
double zhor = x * cos(latit*rads) + z * sin(latit*rads);
double azim = atan2(yhor,xhor) + pi;
azim = FNrange(azim);
double altit = asin(zhor) * degs;

// cout << "L = " << L* degs << " degr\n";


// cout << "RA = " << RA << " degr\n";
cout << "GMST0 = " << GMST0 << " hours\n";
cout << "SIDTIME = " << SIDTIME << " hours\n";
// cout << "Hour Angle = " << ha*degs << " degr\n";

// delta = asin(sin(obliq) * sin(lambda));


double alpha = atan2(cos(obliq) * sin(lambda), cos(lambda));
// Find the Equation of Time in minutes
double equation = 1440 - (L - alpha) * degs * 4;

ha = f0(latit,delta);

// Conversion of angle to hours and minutes //


daylen = degs*ha/7.5;
if (daylen<0.0001) {daylen = 0.0;}
// arctic winter //

double riset = 12.0 - 12.0 * ha/pi + tzone - longit/15.0 + equation/60.0;


double settm = 12.0 + 12.0 * ha/pi + tzone - longit/15.0 + equation/60.0;
double noont = riset + 12.0 * ha/pi;
double altmax = 90.0 + delta*degs - latit;
if (altmax > 90.0) altmax=180.0 - altmax; //to express as degrees from the N
horizon

noont-= 24*(noont>24);

if (riset > 24.0) riset-= 24.0;


if (settm > 24.0) settm-= 24.0;

cout << "\n Sunrise and set times\n";


cout << "===============\n";

cout.setf(ios::fixed);
cout.precision(0);
cout << " year : " << year << endl;
cout << " month : " << m << endl;
cout << " day : " << day << "\n\n";
cout << " time : " << ctime(&sekunnit) << endl;
cout << "Days since Y2K : " << jd << '\n';
cout.precision(2);
cout << "Latitude : " << latit << ", longitude: " << longit << endl;
cout << "Timezone : " << tzone << "\n\n";
cout << "Declination : " << delta * degs << '\n';
cout << "Daylength : "; showhrmn(daylen); cout << " hours \n";
cout << "Sunrise : ";
showhrmn(riset); cout << '\n';
cout << "Sun altitude at noontime ";

showhrmn(noont); cout << " = " << altmax << " degrees " << (latit>= delta * degs ?
"(S)" : "(N)") << endl;
cout << "Sunset : ";
showhrmn(settm); cout << '\n';
cout << endl << "SUNPOSITION AT THIS MOMENT" << endl;
cout << "Azimuth= " << azim*degs << " degr \n";
cout << "Altitude= " << altit << " degr \n";
return 0;
}

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