MEHRAN UNIVERSITY

OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

JAMSHORO, PAKISTAN
Sheeraz Ahmed F16CE54

Foundation Engineering
Submitted to “Sir Lal Chand ”

22/07/2020
PROBLEM STATEMENT

A Ten-story Residential building

(50 m wide 70 m long 20 + m high)
is planned for construction at the
location where you live, mention your
location On Google Earth
(earth.google.com). Conduct a Phase 1
(desk study) investigation.
PHASE 1 DESK STUDY
• Introduction:
• Geotechnical investigations could be laid out in various steps, starting from the simplest.
• Geotechnical investigations comprise of Site Information and Ground Investigation.
• Geotechnical investigations are carried out in series of steps or Phases based on guidelines of
“Association of Geotechnical and Geo-environmental Specialists”. These Phases of investigation are
enlisted as;
 Phase 1 (Desk Study and Field Evaluation)
 Phase 2 (Main Subsurface Investigation)
 Phase 3 (Construction Investigation)
• Desk Study therefore is simplest of these studies and is to be carried out based on data at-hand or
information present at convenient and readily available sources (such as Libraries, Web and
Individuals with local knowledge or expertise)
• Hence, Desk Study involves gathering and assessment of existing data.
• Desk study is the initial stage in which site research is carried out to gain as much data as possible.
• Desk Study is also called “Pre-feasibility study” in general terminology and “Preliminary Risk
Assessment Work” in Geotechnical terminology.
• Desk study includes Site Description, Site History, Geology and Mining, Hydrogeology, Geological
setting, Geo-environmental Risk Assessments and Geotechnical Assessment and sometimes Planning
of other phases of investigation. 3
PHASE 1 DESK STUDY
• Table (Engineering geological, geomorphological and geotechnical work in Project life cycle)

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SITE LOCATION (SATE L L ITE IMAGE FROM GOOGL E EARTH PRO)

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SITE DETAILS
• Site Address: Site located at Jamshoro Road near Masjid-e-Bilal in front of Rajputana Hospital
adjacent to Rajputana Hospital entrance road beside Dr Saleh Memon Road.
• Grid Reference (Geographical Coordinates) : Lat (25°25'07.0"N) Lon (68°20'54.3"E)
• Site Description: Adjacent areas to site are occupied by Hospital, Plantations, Mosque and
various Residential Properties.
• Site Shape: Site is almost regular and rectangular in shape.
• Site Total Area: Site almost has an area of 4901 sq. meters.
• Proposed Site Planning: The proposed dimensions of development planned are 50 m wide 70
m long 20+ m high, constituting an area of 3500 sq. meters
• Development details: Ten story Residential Building
• Site History: The oldest maps belonging to year 2004 indicate site to be undeveloped and water-
logged, and but then water table falls significantly from 2011 to 2013 and site dries off and then
from 2015 to 2019, land becomes significantly visible with some heavy wild green cover left off,
which also disappears after 2019, and Site is now improved for construction to this date.
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SITE GEOLOGY ( S O I L P R O F I L E N E A R S I T E / 2 01 9 BOR E H OL E R E COR D S )

Soil Sampling Profile (Boring Pit Station: At Gulistan-e-Sajjad, located at Rear Side of Jumeirah Elite Booking Office)
(Lat: 25.41915333, Lon: 68.345853269660)
S# Sample Apparent State No. of Samples - Depth of Sample Sample Mark/Label
1 Saturated (C-PHI) 1 1 TO 3FT CS-1
2 Fully saturated (C-PHI) 1 3 TO 5FT CS-2
3 Muddy Oversaturated(C-PHI) 1 5 TO 6FT CS-3 Water Table was located at 2-3ft
4 Muddy Oversaturated(C-PHI) 1 6 TO 7FT CS-4
5 Muddy Oversaturated(C-PHI) 2 7 TO 8FT CS-5 Total Boring Depth = 43ft
6 Muddy Oversaturated(C-PHI) 1 8 TO 9FT CS-6
7 Consolidated Soil (C-PHI) 1 9 TO 10FT C-7 Water Sample taken at 36ft
8 Consolidated Soil (C-PHI) 1 10 TO 13FT C-8
9 Consolidated Soil (C-PHI) 1 13 TO 15FT C-9
10 Consolidated Soil (C-PHI) 1 15 TO 20FT C-10
11 Hard Soil (C-PHI) 1 20 TO 23FT C-11
12 Hard Soil (C-PHI) 1 23 TO 26FT C-12
13 Hard Soil (C-PHI) 1 26 TO 30FT C-13
14 Unbreakable Soil Specimens(C-PHI) 1 30 TO 35FT C-13
15 Unbreakable Soil Specimens(C-PHI) 1 35 TO 36FT CS-14
16 Unbreakable Soil Specimens(C-PHI) 1 36 TO 38FT CS-16
17 Unbreakable Soil Specimens(C-PHI) 1 38 TO 40FT CS-17
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SITE GEOLOGY (SOIL PROFILE AND ENGINEERING PROPERTIES NEAR SITE)
(2019 BOREHOLE RECORDS)

Soil Sampling Profile (Boring Pit Station: At Allamdar Chowk, located near Grid Station)
(Lat: 25.40104279, Lon: 68.34574888)

S# Sample Apparent State No. of Samples - Depth of Sample Sample Mark/Label

1 Saturated (C-PHI) 2 0 TO 5FT CLAY-1
2 Fully saturated (C-PHI) 2 5 TO 10FT CLAY-2
3 Muddy Oversaturated(C-PHI) 2 10 TO 15FT C-3 Water Table was located at 2-3ft
4 Muddy Oversaturated(C-PHI) 2 15 TO 20FT C-4 Total Boring Depth= 35ft
5 Consolidated Soil (C-PHI) 2 20 TO 25FT C-5
6 Hard Soil (C-PHI) 1 25 TO 30FT C-6
7 Unbreakable Soil Specimens(C-PHI) 1 30 TO 35FT C-7

• Unconfined Compression Test

Average Shear Strength= 0.12721314313kg/cm2
Average Compressive Strength = 24.94975kPa (Very Soft Soil)

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SITE GEOTECHNICAL STUDY (INDEX PROPERTIES )

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HYDROLOGICAL FEATURES
• Stream/Water body at 2808meters distance from site.

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FLOOD RISK (THE SITE IS IN MEDIUM FLOOD RISK ZONE)

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SEISMIC ZONE
• “Hyderabad is categorized as seismic zone 2A”
Hence, Site may experience Peak ground
acceleration of 0.08 to 0.16g

CONTAMINATION
• Site may have water contaminations.
• The burning of solid waste near site was observed.
• Drainage and Sewerage problems are common.

SITE TOPOGRAPHY AND TERRAIN

• The site is located in region of river Indus delta surrounded by prominent physical features as
Hospital, Mosque and a Divided Two way one lane road.
• The terrain is plain. 12
PLANNING SITE INVESTIGATION USING
DESK STUDY OF TABLES
S I M I L A R L Y , I N T H E P H A S E O F D E S K S T U D Y , P L A N N I N G OF F U R T H E R P H A S E S
CA N BE D ON E U S I N G D I F F E R E N T CH A R T S A N D T A BL E S A S T H E S E

At each Phase of investigation, we use maps of different scale. The contact scale, S, given for
an aerial photograph or satellite image is related to the average terrain elevation hay, the altitude
of the aircraft or satellites eye H and the focal length of the camera lens f by the expression:
S = f/(H - hay), since Google Earths focal length is 31.2mm, so the scale of image attached
above for site location is found to be 1:8500

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PLANNING SITE INVESTIGATION USING
DESK STUDY OF TABLES

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PLANNING SITE INVESTIGATION USING
DESK STUDY OF TABLES

So, for planning ground water points during desk study, we

can use this table for area greater than or equal to 100
hectares.

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PLANNING SITE INVESTIGATION USING
DESK STUDY OF TABLES
Extent Of Investigation

So, for planning depth of investigation for different footings, which

affect the underlying soil, its to be decided using the pressure bulb
considerations .

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PLANNING SITE INVESTIGATION USING
DESK STUDY OF TABLES

Further to calculate cost of Site Investigation in term of Capital

costs and Foundation-Earthwork costs.

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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
• Conclusions:
• Observing historical borehole logs, the Soil in the region and on site can be classified as soft soil,
hence
• Further, Site has no any Made Ground, since according to Historical records no any developments
could have been possible due to Site being submerged.
• Site location proved to be advantageous in terms of accessibility to roads, fuel stations etc
• Also a Landfill is located near around sites vicinity in about 1km radius.
• Site is surrounded by many points of interests such as Hospital, Mosque and number of car
showrooms along the road.
• No any prominent Ground hazard been noticed around site except waterlogging in rainy seasons.
• Recommendations:
• Considering Soil on site, Shallow foundation such as Mat or Raft Foundation is preferred to prevent
unequal settlements, but if the bearing capacity of the soil is not adequate, pile foundation systems can
also used.
• Further Buildings orientation should face the corner of the two roads allowing minimum sunlight and
maximum wind, and Proper face view.
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 REFERENCES
1. 1. M. J. Walker (2012). Hot Deserts: Engineering, Geology and Geomorphology : Engineering
Group Working Party Report. Geological Society of London. pp. 10–. ISBN 978-1-86239-342-
4
2. Burt G. Look (26 April 2007). Handbook of Geotechnical Investigation and Design Tables.
CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-203-94660-2.
3. Think Hazard - Pakistan - River flood. (2010). Thinkhazard.Org.
https://thinkhazard.org/en/report/188-pakistan/FL
4. Karira, Hemu & Hindu, Aneel & Raja, Anees & Murtaza, Ali. (2018). Correlation between
Chemical and Index Properties of Soils of Hyderabad Region. Civil Engineering Journal. 4.
2821. 10.28991/cej-03091201.

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THANK YOU