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Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) : by Theodoros Adoni 1151

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a non-surgical procedure used to open blocked or narrowed coronary arteries caused by coronary artery disease. It involves inserting a catheter with a tiny balloon into the artery, inflating the balloon to compress fatty deposits and enlarge the artery opening to improve blood flow. A stent may also be inserted to help keep the artery open. Potential risks include bleeding, blood clots, and damage to blood vessels."

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48 views15 pages

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) : by Theodoros Adoni 1151

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a non-surgical procedure used to open blocked or narrowed coronary arteries caused by coronary artery disease. It involves inserting a catheter with a tiny balloon into the artery, inflating the balloon to compress fatty deposits and enlarge the artery opening to improve blood flow. A stent may also be inserted to help keep the artery open. Potential risks include bleeding, blood clots, and damage to blood vessels."

Uploaded by

vaishnavi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Percutaneous

Transluminal Coronary
Angioplasty
(PTCA)

Coronary Artery Bypass


Graft (CABG)

By Theodoros Adoni 1151


Percutaneous Transluminal
Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)
 Is performed to open blocked or narrowed coronary arteries caused
by coronary artery disease (CAD) and to restore arterial blood flow to
the heart tissue without open heart surgery

Greek word ‘αγγείο’ = vessel


and ‘πλαστός’ = moulded
 Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs
when fatty deposits called plaque build up
inside the coronary arteries

Factors:

• Smoking

• High amounts of certain fats and


cholesterol in the blood

• High blood pressure

• High amounts of sugar in the


blood due to insulin resistance or
diabetes
- Chest pain (angina pectoris) - due to lack of oxygen

- Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath

- Sweating or “cold sweat”

- Fullness, indigestion, or choking feeling (may feel like


“heartburn”)

- Nausea or vomiting

- Dyspnea

- Excessive fatigue
 A special catheter is inserted
into the coronary artery to be
treated in the femoral artery in
the groin

 First a guide wire is inserted


and then a catheter which injects
a dye
PTCA
Procedure – Balloon

 This catheter has a tiny balloon


as its tip

 The balloon is inflated once the


catheter has been placed into the
narrowed area of the coronary
artery

 The inflation of the balloon


compresses the fatty tissue in the
artery and makes a larger opening
inside the artery for improved
blood flow
 Is a procedure used in PTCA

A tiny, expandable
metal coil (stent) is
inserted into the newly
opened area of the
artery to help keep the
artery from narrowing
or closing again
- Bleeding at the catheter insertion site
(usually groin)

- Blood clots or damage to the blood vessels at the insertion site

- Blood clot within the vessel treated by PTCA/stent

- Infection at the catheter insertion site

-Cardiac arrhythmia

- Chest pain or discomfort

- Rupture of the coronary artery


Fluoroscopy (a special type of x-ray that obtains
real- time moving images) assists the physician in
the location of blockages in the coronary arteries as
the contrast dye moves through the arteries.
CABG is used over angioplasty when…

 patients with severe narrowing or


blockage of the left main coronary artery

 patients with disease involving two or


three coronary arteries are generally
considered for bypass surgery
A segment of a healthy blood vessel from another part in the body is taken
and make a detour around the blocked part of the coronary artery

Vessels are used:

- Internal thoracic artery

- Saphenous vein

- Radial artery
-Incision is made in chest wall (sternotomy)

-Bypass grafts are harvested

-In the case of "off-pump" surgery, the


surgeon places devices to stabilize the heart

-In the case is "on-pump", surgeon connects


heart lung machine to patient and delivers
cardioplegia to stop the heart
- One end of each graft is sewn on to
the coronary arteries beyond the
blockages and the other end is
attached to the aorta.
- Internal defibrillator
paddles used to induce
pulse

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