1. What is Oracle table?
A table is the basic unit of data storage in an Oracle database.
The tables of a database hold all of the user accessible data. Table
data is stored in rows and columns.
2. What are Clusters?
Clusters are groups of one or more tables physically stores
together to share common columns and are often used together.
3. What is an Index?
An Index is an optional structure associated with a table to have
direct access to rows, which can be created to increase the
performance of data retrieval. Index can be created on one or
more columns of a table.
4. What are the advantages of views?
▪ Provide an additional level of table security, by restricting access
to a predetermined set of rows and columns of a table.
▪ Hide data complexity.
▪ Simplify commands for the user.
▪ Present the data in a different perspective from that of the base
table
▪ Store complex queries.
5. What are the various types of queries?
The types of queries are :
▪ Normal Queries
▪ Sub Queries
▪ Co-related queries
▪ Nested queries
▪ Compound queries
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6. What is the difference between clustered and a non-
clustered index?
A clustered index is a special type of index that reorders the
way records in the table are physically stored. Therefore table can
have only one clustered index. The leaf nodes of a clustered index
contain the data pages.
A Nonclustered index is a special type of index in which the
logical order of the index does not match the physical stored
order of the rows on disk.
7. What is a Tablespace?
A database is divided into Logical Storage Unit called tablespace.
A tablespace is used to grouped related logical structures
together.
8. Why use materialized view instead of a table?
Materialized views are basically used to increase query
performance since it contains results of a query. They should be
used for reporting instead of a table for a faster execution.
9. What does ROLLBACK do?
ROLLBACK retracts any of the changes resulting from the SQL
statements in the transaction.
10. Compare and contrast TRUNCATE and DELETE for a table?
Both the truncate and delete command have the desired outcome
of getting rid of all the rows in a table. The difference between the
two is that the truncate command is a DDL operation and just
moves the high water mark and produces a now rollback. The
delete command, on the other hand, is a DML operation, which
will produce a rollback and thus take longer to complete.
11. what is null value?
Null Value is neither zero nor it is a blank space. It is some
unknown value which occupies 4 bytes of space of memory in
SQL.
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12. Define transaction?
A transaction is a sequence of SQL statements that Oracle
Database treats as a single unit.
13. what is the difference between sql&oracle?
SQL is Stuctured Query Language.Oracle is a Database.SQL is
used to write queries against Oracle DB.
14. What are different Oracle database objects?
▪ TABLES
▪ VIEWS
▪ INDEXES
▪ SYNONYMS
▪ SEQUENCES
▪ TABLESPACES
15. What is hash cluster?
A row is stored in a hash cluster based on the result of applying a
hash function to the row's cluster key value. All rows with the
same hash key value are stores together on disk.
16. What is a User_exit?
Calls the user exit named in the user_exit_string. Invokes a 3Gl
program by name which has been properly linked into your
current oracle forms executable.
17. What is schema?
A schema is collection of database objects of a user.
18. What are Roles?
Roles are named groups of related privileges that are granted to
users or other roles.
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19. What are the dictionary tables used to monitor a database
spaces ?
▪ DBA_FREE_SPACE
▪ DBA_SEGMENTS
▪ DBA_DATA_FILES
20. What is a SNAPSHOT?
Snapshots are read-only copies of a master table located on a
remote node which is periodically refreshed to reflect changes
made to the master table.
21. What is a database instance?
A database instance is a set of memory structure and background
processes that access a set of database files. The processes can
be shared by all of the users.
22. What are parameters?
Parameters provide a simple mechanism for defining and setting
the valuesof inputs that are required by a form at startup.Form
parameters are variables of type char,number,date that you
define at design time.
23. What are the different file extensions that are created by
oracle reports?
Rep file and Rdf file.
24. What are clusters?
Clusters are groups of one or more tables physically stores
together to share common columns and are often used together.
25. What is difference between SUBSTR and INSTR?
INSTR function search string for sub-string and returns an
integer indicating the position of the character in string that is the
first character of this occurrence.SUBSTR function return a
portion of string, beginning at character position, substring_length
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characters long.SUBSTR calculates lengths using characters as
defined by the input character set.
26. Define a view?
A view is a virtual table which is based on the one or more
physical tables and views.
27. What is the difference between a view and a synonym?
Synonym is just a second name of table used for multiple link of
database.View can be created with many tables, and with virtual
columns and with conditions.But synonym can be on view.
28. What is the usage of SAVEPOINTS?
SAVEPOINTS are used to subdivide a transaction into smaller
parts. It enables rolling back part of a transaction. Maximum of
five save points are allowed.
29. What are ORACLE PRECOMPILERS?
A precompiler is a tool that allows programmers to embed SQL
statements in high-level source programs like C, C++, COBOL,
etc.The precompiler accepts the source program as input,
translates the embedded SQL statements into standard Oracle
runtime library calls, and generates a modified source program
that one can compile, link, and execute in the usual way.
30. When do you use WHERE clause and when do you use
HAVING clause?
The WHERE condition lets you restrict the rows selected to those
that satisfy one or more conditions.Use the HAVING clause to
restrict the groups of returned rows to those groups for which the
specified condition is TRUE.
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