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Experiment (2) Sampling and Statistical Handling of Data

This experiment examines sampling and statistical analysis of data through titration of homogeneous and heterogeneous samples. For the homogeneous sample, acetic acid is titrated 5 times with sodium hydroxide and the results are statistically analyzed. For the heterogeneous sample, a mixture of acetic acid and oil is titrated 5 times and similarly analyzed. Statistical measures including the mean, median, standard deviation, and relative standard deviation are calculated and a Q-test is used to check for outliers. The goal is to understand the importance of sampling and statistical analysis of experimental data.

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Marah maz
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112 views

Experiment (2) Sampling and Statistical Handling of Data

This experiment examines sampling and statistical analysis of data through titration of homogeneous and heterogeneous samples. For the homogeneous sample, acetic acid is titrated 5 times with sodium hydroxide and the results are statistically analyzed. For the heterogeneous sample, a mixture of acetic acid and oil is titrated 5 times and similarly analyzed. Statistical measures including the mean, median, standard deviation, and relative standard deviation are calculated and a Q-test is used to check for outliers. The goal is to understand the importance of sampling and statistical analysis of experimental data.

Uploaded by

Marah maz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT (2)

SAMPLING AND STATISTICAL HANDLING OF DATA

I. INTRODUCTION

An important part of any analytical process is to get a representative sample. If the


sample is homogenous, any portion of it can be taken. If the sample is not homogenous, a
statistical sampling is required. This experiment illustrates the importance of sampling,
practice with the buret and the statistical handling of data.
The experiment consists of two parts; first titration of a homogenous sample and second
titration of a heterogeneous sample.
For each of these titrations, a blank sample must be analyzed. Constant errors affecting
physical measurements can be evaluated with a blank determination. A blank sample is
done through performing all steps of the analysis in the absence of sample. The result is
then applied as a correction to the actual measurements.

II. EXPERIMENTML PROCEDURE

a. Homogenous sample

1. Titration of acetic acid

Pipet 10.00 mL of 0.10 M acetic acid into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Add
three drops of phenolphtalein. Titrate with 0.10 M NaOH till the indicator color
becomes pink. Repeat 5 times.

2. Blank
Pipet 10.00 mL of distilled water instead of 0.10 M acetic acid and treat it as
above. Only one titration is required.

b. Hetrohomogenous sample

1. Mixture of acetic acid and Mazola oil

Prepare a mixture containing 10 mL mazola oil and 90 mL of 0.10 M acetic


acid in a 100 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Stopper the flask and shake vigorously
until the oil droplets appear suspended in the aqueous layer. Pipet 10.00 mL of
this mixture into 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask, add 10 mL distilled water and 3
drops of phenolphthalein. Titrate against 0.10 M NaOH. Repeat 5 times.

2. Blank
Prepare a blank by mixing 1 mL mazola oil and 9 mL distilled water. Mix well
and titrate as above.

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EXPERIMENT (2)

SAMPLING AND STATISTICAL HANDLING OF DATA

Name: Group No.:

III DATA

HOMOGENOUS SAMPLE VB (mL)……….. ± (……..)

Result Initial Reading Final Reading VS(mL) VS-VB (mL)


No. ±(……..) ±(……..) ±(……..) ±(……..)
1
2
3
4
5

HETEROGENEOUS SAMPLE VB (mL)……….. ± (……..)

Result Initial Reading Final Reading VS(mL) VS-VB (mL)


No. ±(……..) ±(……..) ±(……..) ±(……..)
1
2
3
4
5

Instructor's Signature

10
IV CALCULATIONS

You have two groups of results. For each group, make the following calculations:

1- Apply the Q-test for the suspected result


QEXP = |Xs-XN| / |XH-XL|, Qcrit at 90% confidence = 0.64 for 5 observations
Xs: is the suspected observation, XN: is the neighbor observation.
XH: is the highest observation, XL: is the lowest observation

- Homogenous
Accept,
Xs = Vs-Vb XN |Xs-XN| |XH-XL| QEXP
Reject

- Heterogeneous
Accept,
Xs = Vs-Vb XN |Xs-XN| |XH-XL| QEXP
Reject

2- Calculate the following after applying Q-test:

2.1. Mean ( X ) = (∑ X i )/N =

2.2. Median =

2.3. Average deviation from the mean = (∑ X i − X ) / N

2.4. Relative average deviation from the mean = (Average deviation from the
mean /mean) x 100%

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2.5. Average deviation from the median = (∑ X i − median ) / N

2.6. Relative average deviation from the median = (Average deviation from the
median / median) x 100%

(∑ X i ) 2
∑ Xi −
2

2.7. Standard deviation, S = N =


N −1

2.8. Relative standard deviation, RSD = (S / X ) x 1000 ppt =

V FINAL RESULTS (After applying Q-test for both groups)

Homogenous Heterogeneous
Mean = Mean =
Median= Median=
Aver. Def. Mean Aver. Def. Mean
Rel. Av. Def. Mean Rel. Av. Def. Mean
Aver. Def. Median Aver. Def. Median
Rel. Av. Def. Median Rel. Av. Def. Median
S= S=
RSD= RSD=

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VI QUESTIONS

Q1) Calculate the molar concentration of acetic acid for both groups?

Q2) Define
a. Accuracy

b. Precision

Q3) Assume the concentration of acetic acid is 0.10 M. Comment on the results
in terms of accuracy and precision?

13

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