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Lab 4 18-Me-23

This document describes an experiment to study the characteristic curves of two centrifugal pumps connected in parallel. The experiment involves measuring the volumetric flow rate at various pressure differences between the suction and delivery lines of the pumps. Observations are recorded in a table and a graph is plotted showing the decreasing trend in volumetric flow rate as the pressure difference increases. Connecting centrifugal pumps in parallel allows the total flow rate to be the sum of the individual pump rates, with the operating point determined by the intersection of the common system and pump curves.

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61 views6 pages

Lab 4 18-Me-23

This document describes an experiment to study the characteristic curves of two centrifugal pumps connected in parallel. The experiment involves measuring the volumetric flow rate at various pressure differences between the suction and delivery lines of the pumps. Observations are recorded in a table and a graph is plotted showing the decreasing trend in volumetric flow rate as the pressure difference increases. Connecting centrifugal pumps in parallel allows the total flow rate to be the sum of the individual pump rates, with the operating point determined by the intersection of the common system and pump curves.

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book worm
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© © All Rights Reserved
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EXPERIMENT NO:4

To study and draw the characteristic curves of two


centrifugal pump connected in parallel

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP:
Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluids by the conversion of rotational kinetic
energy to the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow. The rotational energy typically
comes from an engine or electric motor. They are a sub-class of dynamic
axisymmetric work-absorbing turbomachinery. The fluid enters the pump impeller
along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially
outward into a diffuser or volute chamber (casing), from which it exits.
Common uses include water, sewage, agriculture, petroleum and petrochemical
pumping. Centrifugal pumps are often chosen for their high flow rate capabilities,
abrasive solution compatibility, mixing potential, as well as their relatively simple
engineering. A centrifugal fan is commonly used to implement a vacuum cleaner. The
reverse function of the centrifugal pump is a water turbine converting potential energy
of water pressure into mechanical rotational energy.
At the most fundamental level, a centrifugal pump consists of just these three components:

1. An impeller that rotates and imparts velocity to a liquid.


2. A casing that captures the velocity generated by the impeller and transforms that
velocity into a stable flow.
3. An assembly of mechanical components that makes it possible for the impeller to be
rotated within the pump casing.
 PARALLEL CONNECTION OF TWO CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS:

 PARALLEL OPERATION:

Parallel operation, or parallel pumping, of two centrifugal pumps is a mode which


allows pump operation to be controlled by starting or stopping one of the two pumps.
If two centrifugal pumps I and II are operated in parallel, the flow rate QI+II is the
sum of the flow rates of the individual pumps at the same head, i.e.:
Q1+2=Q1+Q2
H1+2=H1=H2
The actual flow rate and head of pumps operating in parallel (operating point) is the
intersection of the common pump and system characteristic curves.
Trouble-free operation does not necessarily require that the pumps exhibit the same
characteristic curves (H/Q). When QI+II decreases to Q´I+II, then the individual flow
rates QI and QII also decrease to Q´I and Q´II. If the shut-off heads (H0) of pumps I
and II are different, pump I is rapidly pushed towards the shut-off point while pump II
continues pumping.
 APPARATUS DIAGRAM:

1. Tank
2. Overflow
3. Water Connection
4. Ball Valve
5. Pump
6. Pump Switch
7. Drain
8. Manometer

 APPARATUS:
1. Two Centrifugal Pumps.
2. Valves.
3. Water supply.
4. Stop watch.
5. Motor.
6. Collecting tank.
7. Meter.
8. Wrench.

 PROCEDURE:
1. Firstly, check the mains power supply for safety purpose.
2. Then plug the switch of the centrifugal pumps in the power mains and start the
apparatus.
3. Check all the valves that they are working properly.
4. Then open all the valves so that maximum value of mass flow rate should be obtained.
and also set valves direction for parallel connection.
5. Now check the gauges of suction line & delivery line that they are also working
properly.
6. Set the pressure P1 of the suction gauge at zero bar centrifugal pumps.
7. Now change the pressure P2 of the delivery line gradually and noted the reading of
the pressure difference created in the suction line and the delivery line.
8. Now close the bottom valve (connecting the collecting tank and the main reservoir) to
calculate the value of volumetric flow rate by measuring the volume of water flowing
in certain interval of time.
9. I n t h e e n d , p l

between suction and delivery line.


 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:

Sr.No. P1 P2 P=P2-P1 V t V°=V/t


(bar) (bar) (bar) (liter) (sec) (liter/sec)
01 0 0 0 5 6.19 0.807
02 0 0.5 0.5 5 6.64 0.753
03 0 1 01 5 7.2 0.694
04 0 1.5 1.5 5 7.95 0.639
05 0 2 2 5 9.21 0.543
06 0 2.5 2.5 5 11.23 0.445
07 0 3 03 5 18.23 0.274
08 0 3.5 3.5 3 27.46 0.180
09 0 4 04 00 00 00

 GRAPH BETWEEN P AND V°:

Graph Volumetric Flow Rate vs Time


0.9
0.8 0.81
0.75
0.7 0.69
0.64
Volumetric Flow Rate

0.6
0.54
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.3 0.27
0.2 0.18

0.1
0 0
6.19 6.64 7.2 7.95 9.21 11.23 18.23 27.46 0
Time

 APPLICATIONS:
1. Agriculture and irrigation purpose.
2. In petroleum installation to pump oil.
3. Hydraulic control systems.
4. Transfer raw materials.
5. Pumping of water in buildings.
6. Firefighting.
 CONCLUSION:
In this experiment we find out the relationship between change of pressure and
volumetric flow and also knowledge about parallel connection of two centrifugal
pumps and what is its effect on pressure and volumetric flow rate. And also learn
about how to work centrifugal pump, it’s different types and stages.

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