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Lecture2 14 PDF

The document summarizes key concepts in physics including electric charge, electric and magnetic fields, electromagnetic waves, optics, and components of electric circuits such as batteries, resistors, and capacitors. It also discusses motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields, Maxwell's equations, particle accelerators, and cathode ray tubes.

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jeez jani
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22 views

Lecture2 14 PDF

The document summarizes key concepts in physics including electric charge, electric and magnetic fields, electromagnetic waves, optics, and components of electric circuits such as batteries, resistors, and capacitors. It also discusses motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields, Maxwell's equations, particle accelerators, and cathode ray tubes.

Uploaded by

jeez jani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics 2102

Gabriela González

•  Electric charge
 Electric force on other electric charges
 Electric field, and electric potential
•  Moving electric charges : current
•  Electronic circuit components: batteries, resistors, capacitors
•  Electric currents  Magnetic field
 Magnetic force on moving charges
•  Time-varying magnetic field  Electric Field
•  More circuit components: inductors.
•  Electromagnetic waves  light waves
•  Geometrical Optics (light rays).
•  Physical optics (light waves)

1
•  Electric charge
•  Electric force on other electric charges
•  Electric field, and electric potential
•  Moving electric charges : current
•  Electronic circuit components: batteries, resistors, capacitors
•  Electric currents
•  Magnetic field
•  Magnetic force on moving charges
•  Time-varying magnetic field
•  Electric Field
•  More circuit components: inductors
•  All together: Maxwell’s equations
•  Electromagnetic waves
•  Optical images
•  Matter waves

We know that an electric field exists because it accelerates


electric charges, with a force independent of the velocity
of the charge, proportional to the electric charge: FE = qE

We know that a magnetic field exists because it accelerates


electric charges in a direction perpendicular to the velocity
of the charge, with a magnitude proportional to the velocity
of the charge and to the magnitude of the charge: FB= q v x B

Magnetic forces are perpendicular to both the velocity of charges


and to the magnetic field (electric forces are parallel to the field).
Since magnetic forces are perpendicular to the velocity,
they do no work! (W=F · r)
Speed of particles moving in a magnetic field remains constant
in magnitude, the direction changes. Kinetic energy is constant
(no work).

2
Circular motion:
FB= q v x B
Since magnetic force is transverse to motion,
v the natural movement of charges is circular.
F

B into blackboard.

In general, path is
a helix (component of
v parallel to field is
unchanged).

The figure shows the path of a particle through six


regions of uniform magnetic field, where the path is
either a half circle or a quarter circle. Upon leaving the
last region, the particle travels between two charged
parallel plates and is deflected towards the plate of
higher potential. What are the directions of the
magnetic fields in each region?

Electric force is opposite to +V


the electric field: the charge E
must be negative! v x -V
F

3
Aurora borealis
(northern lights)

Synchrotron Fermilab,
Batavia, IL (1km)
Suppose you wish to accelerate charged
particles as fast as you can.

Linear accelerator (long).

Large Hadron Collider (CERN)

Wikipedia:
This synchrotron is designed to
collide opposing particle beams
of either protons at an energy
of 7 teraelectronvolts per
particle, or lead nuclei at an
energy of 574 TeV per nucleus.
On 30 March 2010, the first
planned collisions took place
27km circumference between two 3.5 TeV beams,
which set a new world record
for the highest-energy man-
made particle collisions.

http://angelsanddemons.cern.ch/

4
Two charged ions A and B traveling with a
constant velocity v enter a box in which there
is a uniform magnetic field directed out of the A v
page. The subsequent paths are as shown.
What can you conclude?
(a) Both ions are negatively charged. B
(b) Ion A has a larger mass than B.
v
(c) Ion A has a larger charge than B.
(d) None of the above. FB= q v x B
(a) F=qv x B.
The vector v x B will point down when the charges enter the box; the
force also points down for cw motion: charges must be positive.
(b,c) r= mv/qB
Same speed and B for both masses; larger radius for A than B. Ion
with larger mass/charge ratio (m/q) moves in circle of larger radius.
But that’s all we know! We cannot conclude b or c.
(d) Is the right answer.

The figure shows four directions for the


velocity vector v of a positively charged
particle moving through a uniform electric
field E (out of the page) and a uniform
magnetic field B.
•  Rank directions 1, 2, 3 according to the
magnitude of the net force on the particle.

•  If the net force is zero, what is the


direction and magnitude of the particle’s
velocity?

5
A solid metal cube moves with
constant velocity v in the y-
direction. There is a uniform
magnetic field B in the z-
direction.
•  What is the direction of the magnetic force on the electrons in the cube?
•  What is the direction of the electric field established by the electrons that moved
due to the magnetic force?
• Which cube face is at a lower electric potential due to the motion through the
field?
•  What is the direction of the electric force on the electrons inside the cube?
•  If there is a balance between electric and magnetic forces, what is the potential
difference between the cube faces (in terms of the cube’s velocity v, side length d
and magnetic field B)?

Cathode ray tube (CRT) : TV, computer monitors before LCD


Hot cathode emits electrons
Get accelerated by positive plate
Might be deflected using plates
Produce point of light on screen.

B
In a magnetic field:

Fe
Dot shifts sideways.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_display_technology

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