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Experiment 6: Emissivity Measurement Apparatus

1) The document describes an experiment to determine the emissivity of a test plate by comparing its heat loss to a black plate under identical heating conditions. 2) The experimental setup consists of two copper plates, one black and one the test plate, heated by coils underneath and temperature monitored by thermocouples. 3) By adjusting the heating to equalize the plate temperatures, and measuring the input power, the emissivity of the test plate is calculated based on heat loss by radiation using Stefan-Boltzmann's law. 4) The emissivity of the test plate is determined to be 0.4638, meaning its energy radiation is 46% of that from a blackbody

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130 views5 pages

Experiment 6: Emissivity Measurement Apparatus

1) The document describes an experiment to determine the emissivity of a test plate by comparing its heat loss to a black plate under identical heating conditions. 2) The experimental setup consists of two copper plates, one black and one the test plate, heated by coils underneath and temperature monitored by thermocouples. 3) By adjusting the heating to equalize the plate temperatures, and measuring the input power, the emissivity of the test plate is calculated based on heat loss by radiation using Stefan-Boltzmann's law. 4) The emissivity of the test plate is determined to be 0.4638, meaning its energy radiation is 46% of that from a blackbody

Uploaded by

Priyanka Katiyar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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marks=15

Submitted By – MUSKAAN SINGH


1810110134
Date of Submission – 2 November 2020

EXPERIMENT 6
EMISSIVITY MEASUREMENT APPARATUS

OBJECTIVE :
To determine the emissivity of the given test plate.

INTRODUCTION :
Thermal radiations are emitted by all substance at all temperatures. Thermal
radiations are electromagnetic waves and do not required any medium for
propagation. All substance or bodies can emit radiations and have also the
capacity to absorb all or a part of radiation coming from surroundings. The
emissive power is the radiant energy per unit area from the surface of the body
and is denoted by E. Emissivity is the ratio of emissive power of the surface to
the emissive power of the black surface, at the same temperature & is denoted
e
=
eb

THEORY :
Any hot body maintained by a constant heat source, loses heat to surroundings
by conduction, convection and radiation. If two bodies made of same geometry
are heated under identical conditions, the heat loss by conduction and
convection can be assumed same for both the bodies, when the difference in
temperatures between these two bodies is not high. In such a case, when one
body is black & the other body is gray from the values of different surface
temperatures of the two bodies maintained by a constant power source
emissivity can be calculated.

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The heat loss by radiation depends on :
a) Characteristic of the material
b) Geometry of the surface
c) Temperature of the surface

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP :
The experimental set up consists of two circular copper plates identical in size
and is provided with heating coils at the bottom. The plates are mounted on
asbestoses cement sheet and are kept in an enclose so as to provide
undistributed natural convection surroundings. The heat input is varied by
dimmer stat and is measured by Ammeter and Voltmeter with the help of
switches. The temperature of the plates is measured by thermocouples; separate
wires are connected to diametrically opposite points to get average surface
temperature of the plates. Another thermocouple is kept the enclosure to read
the ambient temperature of the enclosure.
Plate (1) is the Black plate and Plate (2) is test plate whose emissivity is to be
determined.

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PROCEDURE :
1. Keep both the dimmer knobs at ZERO position.
2. Switch on the supply and select one of the plates.
3. Keep the meter selector switch (toggle switch) at the Black plate side
position.
4. Adjust dimmer of black plate, so that around 100-110 volts are supplied
to black plate.
5. Now, switch the meter selector switch on other side.
6. Adjust test plate voltage slightly less than that of black plate (say 90-100
volts)
7. Check the temperatures (after, say 10 minutes) and adjust the dimmer so
that temperatures of both the plates are equal and steady. Normally, very
minor adjustments are required for this.
8. Repeat the experiment for different heat inputs.

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OBSERVATIONS :

Plate Input Surface


Temperature
o
Volt (V) Current (Amp) C

Test Plate 70 0.34 T1 = 75.2


Black Plate 70 0.34 T2 = 76.8
Enclosure TE = 40.8

CALCULATIONS :

T +T 75.2+76.8
Plate Surface Temperature, 𝑇 = 1 2 = = 76 𝑜 𝐶
2 2
TS = T + 273 = 349 K
Enclosure Temperature, TE = 313.8 K
Heat Input to Black Plate, WB = V x I = 70 * 0.34 = 23.8 watts
Heat Input to Test Plate, WT = V x I = 58 * 0.29 = 16.82 watts

2𝜋𝐷2
Surface Area of Plates, 𝐴 = (
4
) + (𝜋. 𝐷. 𝑡) = 0.0447 𝑚2
where,
D : diameter of plates = 0.16 m
t : thickness of plates = 0.009 m

As emissivity of Black Plate is 1,


WB − WT = σ. 𝐴 (TS4 − TE4 )( 1 − ε)
ε = emissivity of Test plate
σ = Stefan Boltzmann Constant = 5.667 x 10-8 W/m2 K4

WB − WT 23.8 − 16.82
(1 − ε) = 4 4 =
σ. 𝐴 (TS − TE ) 5.667 ∗ 10−8 ∗ 0.0447 ∗ (3494 − 313.84 )
6.98
= = 0.5362
13.01799

(1- ε) = 0.5362
ε = 0.4638

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RESULT AND CONCLUSION :

The emissivity of the given test plate is 0.4638.


Emissivity is defined as the ratio of the energy radiated from a material's surface
to that radiated from a a perfect emitter, known as a blackbody, at the same
temperature and wavelength and under the same viewing conditions. Therefore,
we can say that the energy radiated from the test plate’s surface is nearly 46%
of the that emitted from the a blackbody.

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