UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST

Samson Road, Caloocan City

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN
Department of Architecture

NEW VITAS: A LOW-COST ECO-HOUSING COMPLEX

FOR KATUPARAN VILLAGE IN TONDO

An Architectural Design Proposal presented to:

The Faculty of Architecture

In Partial Fulfillment of the Course Requirements in FAR 513-Architectural

Design 9 Bachelor of Science in Architecture

Submitted by: Bermundo, Geraldine A.

FAR 513-ARCH5A

Submitted to: Ar. Glenn Opening, EnP

 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study

According to the United Nations and Development Program (UNDP) by

the year 2050, two-thirds of all humanity or 6.5 billion people will be in urban
areas. The rapid growth of cities is the result of rising populations and
increasing migration especially in the developing world.

According to the Philippines Statistics Authority 2013 (PSA), in the last

50 years of the Philippines, the urban population had increased by over 50
million and in 2010 and 41.9 million of the Philippines’ population lived in
urban areas. Approximately 2.9 million Filipinos changed residence between
2005 and 2010 were 50.4% are long distance movers or came from the
province and 45.4 % were short distance movers or people who came from
different cities and 4.2 % were international immigrants. 1

In Manila, the lack of adequate shelter is one of the most crucial

problems in every city. With the continuous rapid urbanization and an
increasing number of informal settlements, the need for adequate shelter
remains to increase. 2

Manila being the center of the Philippines’ economy has undergone

rapid urbanization which continues to this day. From 2000-2010 the urban
population increased at an annual average of 3.3%, making it one of the
fastest urbanizing countries in the Asia-Pacific. 3 Thus, more than 35,000
informal settlers have been identified by the City Government that needs
immediate actions due to their displacement. 4 Various developmental and
environmental changes brought about by climate change and natural hazards

1
UN- Habitat (2006) Overview of Internal Migration in Philippines 2006 PDF file.
2
2 UN-Habitat (2003). The Challenges of Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements 2003. PDF file.
3
3 UNESCO Bangkok Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education website
4
Manila City Planning and Development office. Local Shelter Plan 2020-2025 PDF file.
 compel the local government to address issues on shelter as soon as
possible. Meanwhile, Vitas Katuparan Village is one of the housing projects of
former President Corazon Aquino. It was built in 1991 by the National
Housing Authority (NHA) and became the “Katuparan” (fulfillment) of many
Manileños to have a house where can call their own.

According to NHA, this housing project is not livable anymore because

of the severely dense population. Lack of maintenance and negligence by the
residence is the root cause of its deterioration. The filthy, decrepit, and smells
of sweat and human excrement are emanating all over the buildings. The
danger of this housing project had caused two deaths in the past year.
According to the reports given by Kagawad Phil Tiozon in both cases, the
men accidentally plunged from balconies when the railings were dislodged
due to years of neglect. In addition to this, residences construct extensions
building that cracks in other buildings because it is not designed for those
extensions.

After the inspection of the NHA representative, the discoveries reveal

that the housing projects are unsafe and susceptible to disasters such as
typhoons and earthquakes will cost the lives of many people 5. Consequently,
Engr. Victor Balba Group Manager NHA-NCR declared Vitas Katuparan
Village was condemned and issued a demolition order for Vitas Katuparan
Village to ensure the safety of the occupants. Engr. Balba also discussed that
the cost of retrofitting will much expensive than building new housing that why
it is suggested that they build a new one. 6

Mayor-elect Francisco “Isko Moreno” Domagoso said that he will

introduce an in-city vertical housing program to reduce traffic congestion in

5
NHA (March 20, 2018) NHA to relocate occupants of condemned housing projects Retrieved at: http://nha.gov.ph/nha-to-
relocate-occupants-of-condemned-housing-projects/
6
NHA (March 20, 2018) NHA to relocate occupants of condemned housing projects Retrieved at: http://nha.gov.ph/nha-to-
relocate-occupants-of-condemned-housing-projects/
 Manila.7 Domagoso has proposed to build vertical mass housing complexes
in the nation’s capital as part of his 10-year infrastructure plan for traffic,
tourism, jobs, and healthcare. These housing projects, Domagoso said, would
cater to a growing population of Manileños to maximize land use and reduce
traffic in the already congested city. According to Domagoso, through vertical
housing, it will be convenient for the people of Manila because the location of
their home is near to schools and the workplace. Furthermore, he also
ensures the temporary relocation of people housing once the construction has
started.

“Iyong mga squatter, mga walang bahay, and yung informal

settlers, in line with our continuous effort, this city government will
confront land ownership and property ownership,” Domagoso said.“We
want to put an end to it and create more housing, an honest to
goodness new era of in-city vertical housing,” he added.8

By this, a proposed new housing complex is needed to achieve the

demand of housing backlog in Manila. It will be a place where people can
enjoy the walking distance from the workplace and universities to the
apartment. It will be a complex housing that is convenient, safe, and eco-
friendly to its user. It includes amenities and different functions that people
can enjoy. It also promotes urban gardening and cultivating own vegetables
which can be consumed for everyday consumption.

1.2 Problem Setting

1.2.1 Statement of the Problem

Affordable housing is of one the basic needs of every family. With the
housing backlog that is continuously rising each year, the study aims to

7
Manila City Government (July 13,2020) Retrieved at: http://manila.gov.ph/2020/07/news-alert-isko-moreno-says-p10-billion-
allotted-for-more-housing-projects-medical-equipment/
8
City of Manila (2020) Retrieved at: http://manila.gov.ph/2020/07/news-alert-isko-moreno-says-p10-billion-allotted-for-more-
housing-projects-medical-equipment/
 provide a solution that will focus on the new concept for this kind of facility
that can be a prototype of housing around the Philippines.

1.2.1.1 Major Problem

According to DPWH, the village is unsafe, susceptible to disasters, and

declared Vitas Katuparan Village as condemned and issued a demolition
order.

 What will be the plan on the existing condition and residence

of the village that is now condemned?
 How will the project provide a new sanctuary for the existing
residence?

1.2.1.2 Minor Problems

● What architectural innovations should be incorporated into the

project?
● What will be the suitable building materials in creating a Low-Cost
housing project?
● What type of construction method will be using to have affordable
housing?
● What will be the structural concept that will be using in the project
since it is located near natural bodies of water?

1.2.2 Objective of the Study

1.2.2.1 Major Objective

To develop a new sanctuary for the residence of Vitas Katuparan

Village that will change their perspective on low-cost housing projects
and that has the implementation of the demand-driven needs of the
community.
 1.2.2.2 Minor Objectives

 To design a Low-Cost Eco Housing Complex for Vitas Katuparan

Village that will maximize the competence of the ASEAN Community
against backlog and housing problems in the Philippines.
● To create a Low-Cost Eco Housing Complex that will engage an
integrated design process by designating facilities that will meet the
local and international housing standards for the Socialized housing
unit.
● To allocate suitable building materials to achieve the ideal and iconic
design of the specialized housing facility by integrating the traditional
and ground-breaking architectural design.

1.3 Significance of the Study

This study of “A proposed Low-Cost Eco Housing Complex” for Vitas
Katuparan Village will benefit the following;

● To the Community of Vitas Katuparan Village

The study will serve as a support for the VITAS community to further
educate citizens on things to be considered in having a more livable housing
unit in the area.

● To the Government of Manila

The study will benefit the Government of Manila through the growth of
housing units in the locality. In addition to this is having a more extensive
connection of the Manila government to the other sectors of the country.
 ● To Government of the Philippines
The study will benefit the Philippine Government through the growth of
sustainable housing units in the country. It can also lead to a stronger bond
between the government agencies to the local people.

● To the Architecture Students

This study may serve as a basis for the students of the program
Bachelor of Science in Architecture. This research contains architectural
articles and information that will help to broaden the ideas in the studies of the
students especially to the school papers and projects related to housing
facilities. This may also lead the architecture students to design housing
facilities.

● To the Future Researchers

As mentioned for the benefits to be provided of the project to the
architecture students, this study may also serve as the basis for the
researchers regarding the topic related to the housing facility. This study can
be used as part of the review of related literature and case studies.

1.4 Scope and Delimitation of the Study

1.4.1 Scope of the Study

The study will be focused on New Vitas Katuparan Village.

Specifically, the architectural design, costing, materials, innovations,
building laws, housing guidelines, and technologies that will be
implemented in the proposed project.

1.4.2 Delimitation of the study

The research is limited to the scope aforementioned. This only

means that the research will not focus on the structural plan and
 computations of load and forces, electrical, mechanical, and other field
related to the construction of the project. The study will only focus on the
architectural design component and the conceptualization and principles
to be used for the structural integrity of the proposed Low-Cost Eco
Housing Complex for Vitas Katuparan Village.
1.5 Definition of Terms
 Affordable Housing –is housing that is deemed affordable to those
with a median household income. 9
 Informal settlers - people who occupy lands without the consent of
the property.
 Demolition: Refers to the dismantling by the LGU, or any legally
authorized agent of the government of all structures within the
premises subject for clearing.
 Condemned- officially declared unfit for the use for buildings
 Housing-refers to a multi-dimensional concept relating to the
process of residing and 25 the objects of dwelling whose main
attributes are located relative to access to livelihood, tenure
arrangements, cost, and physical structure, as well as their
environment.10
 Human-Induced Hazard – It is a type of hazard made by the people
itself.
 Human Habitation – is the state where people living somewhere.
 Human Settlements - comprise of (a) physical components of
shelter and infrastructure; and (b) services to which the physical
elements provide support, such as community services which include
education, health, culture, welfare, recreation, and nutrition.
 Manileños - people originally living inside Manila City

9
Bhatta, Basudeb (2010). Analysis of Urban Growth and Sprawl from Remote Sensing Data. 
10
Official Gazette (2019). - Republic Act No. 11201
  Temporary Relocation- refers to a site accessible to major roads
with potable water to which relocatees are brought pending
determination by the LGU.
 Low-Cost Housing – is an affordable housing intended for low-
income families.
 Subsidy -  is a direct or indirect payment to individuals or firms,
usually in the form of a cash payment from the government or a
targeted tax cut.11

1.6 Acronyms
CRC-UAP - Center for Research and Communication of the University of
Asia and the Pacific
PIDS - Philippine Institute for Development Studies
HUDCC- Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council
IPP- Investment Priority Plan
ISFs- Informal Settlers Families
HLURB- Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board
LGU- Local Government Unit
NHA- National Housing Authority
NHC - National Housing Commission
PHHC - People’s Homesite and Housing Corporation
SHDA- Subdivision and Housing Developers Association
UNICEF- The United Nations Children's Fund
UNDP- United Nations and Development Program
WHO- World Health Organization

1.7 Terms of Reference

These proponents are government agencies and organizations in the

housing industry. These will serve as a guide and reference for the
information, standards, and considerations about housing.
11
Jim Chappelow (2020) Subsidy Retrieved at: https://www.investopedia.com/
1.8.1 National Housing Authority (NHA)

The National Housing Authority (NHA) is the sole national agency

mandated to engage in housing production for low-income families. It traces
its roots to the People’s Homesite Corporation (PHC), the first government
housing agency established on 14 October 1938, and to the National Housing
Commission (NHC) which was created seven years later, on 17 September
1945. These two agencies, the PHC and NHC, were eventually merged on 4
October 1947 into the People’s Homesite and Housing Corporation (PHHC).

Contact Person: Jason Nera, Architect

Address: 365, Peralta Street, Old Sta Mesa, Manila, Metro Manila
Tel No.: (02) 8716 2433

1.8.2 Manila City Planning and Development Office (MCPDO)

The City Planning and Development Office (CPDO) serves a key

consolidating role in the urban development of the City of Manila in
collaboration with other city departments and offices, national government
agencies, and other partner stakeholders.

Contact Person: Ar. Danilo Lacuna Jr, Officer in Charge

Address: Padre Burgos Ave, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro Manila
Tel No.: (02) 310 6529

1.8.3 Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC)

 The Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC)
is the government agency under the Office of the President created under
Executive Order No. 90 (s. 1986), which serves as the oversight, the over-all
coordinator, initiator and facilitator of all government policies, plans and
programs for the housing sector; sets the overall direction and targets for the
sector; and determines strategies, formulates appropriate policies, monitors,
and evaluates the programs, projects and performance of the implementing
shelter agencies.12

Contact Person: Alvid Martinez, Officer in Charge

Address: Sunnymede IT Center, 1614 Quezon Ave, Diliman, Quezon
City, 1103 Metro Manila
Tel No.: 09171284719

12
Official Gazette (1986) Retrieved at: https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1986/12/17/executive-order-no-90-s-1986/
 CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
2.1 Review of Related Local Literature
2.1.1 Article Title: Housing the Poor
Article Author: Nicolas, G., Ballesteros, M.
Source: Housing the Poor - The Challenge of Urbanization
Retrieved at: https://www.jjcicsi.org.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/IQF-
Vol-IV-No-3-Housing.pdf

According to the study, the lack of affordable housing options,

especially for low-income families, has resulted in the growth of heavily
populated informal settlements. Informal settlers are generally those who
occupy lands without the consent of the property owner. (Reyes et al
2012, 15). However, in recent years, the term has been applied to those in
danger areas which include riverbanks, railways, under the bridge, and
areas earmarked for government infrastructure projects or other uses
excluding human habitation.

Source: GMA Network

Figure 2.1 shows the evicted informal settlers from Tondo, Manila
 According to the study, not all informal settlers are having a lesser
income from others. Those who are earning a relatively higher income
than the rest in their community live in informal settlements because
affordable alternatives near their places of work are few (Ballesteros,
2010). Another reason why most of them live in an informal settlement is
that people have priorities. They need to pay for education, bills, and
everyday living for them to survive than to live in subdivisions and villages
which is higher rent. People endure poor living conditions, overcrowded
neighborhoods, substandard housing, inadequate access to safe water
and basic sanitation, and high exposure to natural and human-induced
hazards because the cost of land and housing in cities is simply
prohibitive.

Another study from show Philippine Institute for Development Studies

2010 (PIDS) that slum poverty puts a major stress on people's lives
through pollution, congestion, noise, stagnant water, and
flooding. Households living in these poor environs pay more for basic
services (i.e., water and electricity), have poorer health status, have
poorer school performance, have lower productivity, and are vulnerable to
crimes and violence.

The 1987 Constitution guarantees people’s right to housing but does

not mention providing housing for free. Thus, informal settlements reflect
the inability of cities to cope with rapid urban growth.

“The State shall, by law, and for the common good,

undertake, in cooperation with the private sector, a continuing
program of urban land reform and housing which will make
available at affordable cost decent housing and basic services
 to underprivileged and homeless citizens in urban centers and
resettlement areas.” (ARTICLE XIII, SECTION 9)

The Republic Act 7279 or the Urban Development and Housing Act
of 1992 (UDHA) mandates local governments to undertake shelter
planning, designate social housing sites, and formulate and implement
13
social housing programs for the “poor and underprivileged.” The national
government, for its part, is tasked to formulate the national urban
development and housing framework and regulate housing and
settlements. National shelter agencies provide support to local
governments for site development and house construction.

2.1.2 Article Title: Revitalizing Ecology & Sustainable Communities

Article Author: Sam Valeriano
Source: Informal Settlements in Manila – Relocation Community
Program and Design
Retrieved at: https://www.coursehero.com/file/48830585/Valeriano-Sam-
Spring-2012pdf/

According to Habitat International Coalition (HIC), an international,

non-profit alliance of organizations with a shared goal to secure and
improve housing for those with inadequate housing conditions, about one-
fifth of the world’s population today live in inadequate and unhealthy
housing.14 HIC states stat populations in third World cities are impacted
most by environmental degradation caused by the urbanization process 15.

In highly urbanized regions such as Metro Manila, diminished and

limited access to safe drinking water is a factor in unhealthy housing
conditions. This is most evident in informal settlement areas where drums

13
Gerald M. Nicolas (2017) Housing the Poor PDF File. Retrieved at: https://www.jjcicsi.org.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2017/11/IQF-Vol-IV-No-3-Housing.pdf
14
“Habitat International Coalition (HIC) Perspective,” (1992), http://www.hic-net.org/document.php?pid=2706
15
“Habitat International Coalition (HIC) Perspective,” (1992), http://www.hic-net.org/document.php?pid=2706
of potable water are delivered to homes regularly because city plumbing is
not available. In worse case scenarios, resettlement sites are situated on
or adjacent to natural waterways, estuaries of the Pasig River. Without
proper waste sanitation options, household waste exhausts directly to the
waterways and, eventually, Manila Bay.
As much affected by inadequate housing is marine life living in the
various waterways of the cities and Manila Bay. Another contributing
factor to city pollution, noise and air pollution from industries and
motorized vehicles are hazardous to all living species. Those affected
include both human and animal populations, including birds and land
animals populating the woodland periphery of the cities.

Through this, the proposed project will have a design that will consider
its natural setting for the residence to have a comfortable living and have
an access to safe water through the use of rainwater harvesting that will
be presented in Chapter 3. It will also consider marine life living in the
waterways and the near river in Vitas Katuparan Tondo, Manila.

2.1.3 Article Title: Affordable Housing Study

Author: Lamudi Philippines Incorporation 2019
Source: https://www.lamudi.com.ph/affordable-housing-study-2018/

As the country’s population raised and unstable economic conditions

continue, the demand for affordable housing is more pressing than ever.
For this reason, most Filipinos’ dreams are to have decent housing and
affordable price.

Based on exclusive search data collected during the first half of 2018,
Lamudi observed that property seekers who filtered their searches to
 Php3 million or less were looking into properties priced at Php1.7 to 3
million. 16

In the Philippines, price is arguably the biggest consideration property

seekers make when buying a home. As much as most would like to live a
stone’s throw away from where they make a living or own a home with a
significant amount of living and lot space, these and other preferences
tend to be compromised when their finances come into play. Indeed, the
lower the price is, the better for many, and given the challenges being
presented by new tax laws and the almost always present inflation,
affordable housing (homes priced Php3 million or less) understandably
continue to see the greatest demand from property seekers.

“It’s somewhere between 168,000 and 190,000

housing backlog a year. So when you do the math,
considering that population grows, it seems that you would
not be able to catch up. So that’s a huge problem” – Atty.
Christopher Ryan Tan

Regrettably, the supply of affordable homes in the country has not kept
up with the demand. According to the industry report “Impact of Housing
Activities on the Philippine Economy” jointly completed by the Center for
Research and Communication of the University of Asia and the Pacific
(CRC-UAP) and Subdivision and Housing Developers Association
(SHDA), the backlog was already at 6.7 million in 2015, plus with the new
housing need for the period 2016 to 2030 approximated at 5.6 million, a
total of 12.3 million.

16
Lamudi Philippines Incorporation (2018). The digital property seeker series:
Affordable Housing PDF file. Retrieved at: https://www.lamudi.com.ph/affordable-housing-study-2018/
 2.1.4 Article Title: Closing the gap in affordable housing in the
Philippines
Article Author: The World Bank Group
Source:http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/54717146805936483
7/pdf/AUS13470-REVISED-PUBLIC-WBNationalHousingSummitFinal
Report.pdf

The Philippines is one of the fastest urbanizing countries in the

Southeast Asian Region. Since the 1950s, millions have migrated from
rural areas to the cities in search of better job opportunities. 17 Today,
55% of the world’s population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is
expected to increase to 68% by 205018.

As cities fail to keep pace with rapid urbanization, the number of

informal settlements and informal settler families (ISFs) has grown
especially in Metro Manila.

As a result of this, the widening and deepening of urban poverty

have arisen. It also affects the demand in infrastructure and basic
services including affordable housing. ISFs suffer from a lack of
security of tenure and access to housing communities lies in proximity
to squatter communities.

17
World Bank (2017) Overview of Internal Migration in Philippines PDF file. Retrieved at:
Https://bangkok.unesco.org/sites/default/files/assets/article/Social%20and%20Human%20Sciences/publications/philippines.pdf
18
Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2018) 68% of the world population projected to live in urban areas by 2050,
says UN News Report Retrieved at: https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/2018-revision-of-world-
urbanization-prospects.html
 The challenge for megacities such as Manila includes
continuous immigration into the city, exacerbating the problem of
density, and increasing the challenge for state and other housing
providers to make affordable housing available 19.

Source: Bloomberg
Figure 2.2 shows the crisis on housing in Rwanda

Through this article, the researcher will prioritize how to provide

sustainable and adequate sanitation for the residence. Thus, a design that
will t help to reduce the spread of diseases a COVID-19 free design house
plans.

2.1.5 Title: Grow Your Own Food: The Rise Of Urban Gardening
During Community Quarantine
Source: ATI in Central Luzon. (2020, March 6). Grow Your Own Food:
The rise of urban gardening during community quarantine. ATI.
https://ati.da.gov.ph/ati-3/features/6152020/grow-your-own-food-rise-
urban-gardening-during-community-quarantine.

One of the most surprising perks of the pandemic is the rise of

urban gardening. Panic buying in several areas which resulted to long
queues and empty shelves in supermarkets paved way to finding an
alternative source of food. With this, the community quarantine has

19
UN-Habitat (2013)The challenge of slums global report on human settlements 2003 PDF File. Retrieved at:
https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/files/Challenge%20of%20Slums.pdf
 pushed more city dwellers to engage in backyard gardening, giving
possibly lasting boost to urban farming.

Source: Flick.com
Figure 2.3 Urban Gardening

Nowadays, individuals are sharing photos of their respective backyard

gardens in social media sites. People are purchasing planting seeds and
containers to put up their garden. Some are even looking for free supply of
vegetable seeds to start their own.

In this light, the Department of Agriculture (DA) has been promoting

the Plant, Plant, Plant Program which encourages individuals to grow their
own food and enhance food security concerns amidst the country’s COVID-19
outbreak.

According to DA Secretary William Dar, it seeks to increase national

agri-fishery output through intensified use of quality seeds, appropriate inputs,
modern technologies to increase levels of productivity across all commodities,
and thus ensure food productivity, availability, accessibility and affordability
amidst the threat of COVID-19 pandemic.

Center’s activities in support to urban gardening

 As a DA-attached bureau, the Agricultural Training Institute in Central
Luzon (ATI-CL) has been promoting urban agriculture to its clienteles. Since
the COVID-19 cases continue to skyrocket in the country especially in Central
Luzon, mass gatherings which are the bread and butter of the center are
temporarily suspended. With this, the ATI-CL has devised programs that can
continually serve its clients.

In fact, the center distributed assorted vegetable seeds to the

provincial Farmers’ Information and Technology Services (FITS) Centers,
which were cascaded to the different municipal FITS Centers. Different
vegetable seedlings and seeds were also given away to neighboring
barangays.

Benefits of growing your own food

Growing your own food is not rocket science – it is simple, however,

there’s an art to it. Not only it ensures you in consuming fresh and healthy
food, you are guaranteed that the food served in your table is chemical-free.
In addition, it lets you control when to harvest your food.

“Growing my own vegetables in the garden helps to supply my

family with healthy food to eat. It’s free and fresh,” quipped Al Santiago, a
resident from Bulacan.

With the ample supply of vegetables, you can even help your
neighbors. “I grow my own vegetables to help my ka-sitio in their daily
food needs especially during the community quarantine,” said Richard
Cabigting, a resident from Tarlac.

When asked what he wants to say to his fellow Central Luzon

residents, Richard added, “Let’s continue to encourage, inspire, and help
 others by planting and growing more fruits and vegetables so that we can
help and give in our own little way.”

The following the list of different kinds of indoor vegetable plants. In

relation to the proposal, the Urban Gardening will also be incorporated in the
project since it is the best way to lessen the residence from buying too much
expensive goods from the market. It will teach them to value the food and not
be wasted since they will grow their own food. In addition to that,
gardening reminds us of our connection to nature, and helps us focus on the
bigger picture, which can alleviate symptoms of depression. Also, the physical
aspect of gardening releases feel-good chemicals in the brain such as
20
serotonin and dopamine. Finally, working with soil makes us happier.

SCALLIONS RADISHES MICROGREEN TOMATOE

S
S

20
HERBS POTATOES SPINACH CELERY
How Plants Improve Your Mental and Physical Health
 Source: https://www.countryliving.com/
Figure 2.4 Indoor vegetables plant

In a addition to this, the following chart below is the Planting Calendar

in the Philippines that serves as a guide for the residence of Vitas Katuparan
Village. The chart indicates the name of the plants, time of planting in a year,
plant population per hectare, maturity date, the volume of production and the
distance of planning from one another.

Source: Beruea of Plant Industry

Figure 2.5 Planting Calender 1
Source: Bereau of Plant Industry
Figure 2.6 Planting Calendar 2

Source: Bereau of Plant Industry

Figure 2.7 Planting Calendar 3
 Source: Bereau of Plant Industry
Figure 2.8 Planting Calendar 2

Source: Bereau of Plant Industry

Figure 2.9 Planting Calendar 5

2.2 Review of Related Foreign Literature

.
2.2.2 Article Title: Most Affordable Whole House Water Filters
Author: APEC Water
Source: https://www.freedrinkingwater.com/whole-house/water-filter-
knowledge-base/most-affordable-whole-house-water-filters.htm

Over 3 million people, including 1.3 million children below six die
every year from drinking infected water. 21 One of the necessities of
each household is to have clean water for everyday use.

Unfortunately, according to The United Nations Children's Fund

(UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO), one in eight
people worldwide lack access to safe, clean potable drinking water,

21
World Health Organization (2017) World Water Day Report PDF File. Retrieved at:
https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/takingcharge.html
 and many people have no choice but to drink water they know is
contaminated with potentially life-threatening bacteria. Most
households globally are enduring the potential danger because of two
possible reasons. One is people can’t afford to have clean water and
the second is it is not available to their location.

As a result of this, the water filtration system is invented where

is a general term that refers to any system or process that is used to
filter out particles and pollutants from water. 22 This system has benefits
for the residence which includes 1) clean, filtered water emerges from
every water source in the house, 2) healthier showers & baths 3)
extends the life of water-using appliances.

For instance, the water filtration system will also be used for the
proposal since it will give more sanitation and health security to the
users. Furthermore, the budget for this system is not included in the
main computation of the total project cost.

2.2.4 Article Title: Durability and Sustainability

Article Author: Jan Bredenoord Researcher, Housing Research
Group
Source: Journal of Architectural of Engineering Technology

The huge demand for affordable urban housing is a global

crisis. Since there is a huge demand, people need to find a locally
sustainable material for the mass construction of housing in each
country. In consideration, the climate conditions and natural disaster
risks that differ by region will determine the applicability of sustainable

22
The Spruce (2020) Water Filtration System for Faucets PDF File. Retrieved at: https://www.thespruce.com/water-filtration-
purpose-1907916
 building materials and building structures. 23 It also lessens the impact
on the environment and natural resources.

This article provides information on the use of building materials

for low-cost housing in developing countries, specifically materials that
can be seen as ‘sustainable’ which includes three types: technical
sustainability (durability), climate-friendly sustainability, and social
sustainability.

UNHabitat Executive Director, Dr. Joan Clos, said at the

presentation of the World Cities Report 2016: “To position (affordable)
housing at the center of sustainable development, UN-Habitat
advocates a twin-track approach; a curative approach which involves
improving existing houses, and a preventive approach which involves
the construction of new housing units”.

According to Bredenoord, The following options to support

households and communities to implement affordable and sustainable
housing are of importance: 1) Sustainable housing and urban
planning and housing, 2) Land for housing programs, 3) Tenure
security, 4) Basic services, 5) Community participation and
contracting 6) Safe construction, 7) Sustainable (local) building
materials, and 8) Access to housing finance.

This article also discussed the promising building materials for

Low-cost Housing Construction which includes 1) Bamboo and timber
2) Compressed earth bricks/blocks 3) Adobe blocks 4) Interlocking
blocks of recycled materials 5) Improved concrete panels.

All of the building materials listed above are sustainable in a

certain way. The possible applications of these materials depend on

23
: Bredenoord J (2017) Sustainable Building Materials for Low-cost Housing and the Challenges Facing their Technological
Developments: Examples and Lessons Regarding Bamboo, Earth-Block Technologies, Building Blocks of Recycled Materials,
and Improved Concrete Panels.
 local and regional circumstances. In each country or region, the
specific conditions of the soil and the plants and trees can be
examined, to find suitable soil for bricks and plants for the making of
building materials.

It is also beneficial if the use of wood for housing is reduced,

either by using an alternative material with similar properties (bamboo
instead of timber) or by producing bricks made of soil so wood is not
burnt to fire the bricks. Taking these steps against deforestation helps
to achieve climate objectives. The creation of bamboo plantations can
also help herewith. 24

Concerning the proposed project, the material that can be used

are bamboo and improve concrete panel since it is readily available in
the Philippines. The project will also consider the effects of the
construction on the environment and sustainability is one the main
consideration. Furthermore, the project will also be considered how the
residence will contribute and utilize each housing unit to have an eco-
friendly environment for all. In addition to that, the project must be a
COVID19 free kind of community since it is very timely around the
world.

2.2.5 Article Title: Construction Phase Works

Author: ICE Institutions of Civil Engineers
Source: https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/

Construction works can be planned as a series of stages or

phases, rather than as one continuous process.25

24
: Bredenoord J (2017) Sustainable Building Materials for Low-cost Housing and the Challenges Facing their Technological
Developments: Retrieved at: https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/sustainable-building-materials-for-lowcost-housing-and-
the-challengesfacing-their-technological-developments-examples-and-lessonsr-2168-9717-1000187.pdf
25
ICE (2018) Phased Construction Works Web Article. Retrieved at:
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Phased_construction_works
 Phasing construction works can be beneficial in allowing a
project to move forwards despite there being no guarantee of funding
being available to complete it. Completing certain sections of work can
make funding more attractive to potential lenders and investors than if
the project has not begun at all. It can also enable the client to begin to
generate income from the completed parts of the development.

This can be useful for clients where a complex sequence of

events needs to be followed (such as on densely occupied or complex
site), or where there are several distinct components to the works,
particularly for clients who are seeking to maintain some level of
business operation during construction and so wish to minimize
disruption. In such cases, the project works can be divided into a
series of smaller projects, spaced out over months or even years.

The following table is the comparison between the advantages

and disadvantages of Phase Construction Works from ICE Institutions
of Civil Engineers. It shows that the process of constructing the project
has more advantages than disadvantages. In addition to that, the
residence will benefit from this since they are not needed to relocate
temporarily once the construction started.

Table 2.1 Comparison of Phase Constructions Works for

Buildings

Advantages Disadvantages
1. Lower initial investment and 1. As different work phases
so less initial risk. will be spread out, the
project overall will take
2. Construction costs can be
longer.
spread over a longer period.
2. The costs overall may
3. Income can be generated
 throughout the construction also be higher, as the
period. works take longer,
inflation is likely to have
4. The ability to continue to
a greater impact, and it
occupy a site throughout the
is not as possible to
development.
deliver economies of
scale.
5. A smaller scope of works
can result in a shorter
3. The opportunity to make
construction schedule for
design changes may
key parts of the
lead to scope creep.
development.
4. Maintaining business
6. It can enable clients to
operations while
continue to make changes
construction is
based on response to the
proceeding may be
initial phases, market
difficult.
conditions and so on.
5. The possibility that
delays in one part of the
7. Different parts of the works
works will impact on
can be procured in the way
other phases.
most suited to them.

2.2.6 Article Title: Building Materials for Low-Cost Housing

Author: April Kennedy
Source: https://www.homify.sg/ideabooks/2000070/12-cheap-
building-materials-for-a-low-cost-home

Being familiar with the materials that will use in the dream house
is essential. Especially if the project is all about housing for the poor.
 The designer must have a very detail-oriented person regarding the
materials to ensure each of the family's safety.

The example below is one of the low-cost materials that are

available in the market that can be used as a major construction
material for this project.

Source: Homify
Figure 2.5 shows a design of Prefabricated House

Prefabricated walls or objects are built from parts that have

been made in a factory and can be put together quickly. This is one of 26

the best materials if the client has a limited budget. According to

Kenneth C. Loush of the National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS),
the research shows that off-site construction generally improves
project schedules, improves final product quality, minimizes risk and
liability, and lowers overall construction costs. 27 It has a stunning
design that emerged to become one of the most important housing
trends in recent years.

As per Loush (2016) it is important to understand that the

components are all manufactured from the same materials as
26
Cambridge University Press (2020) Retrieved at: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/prefabricated
27
Loush (2016) Prefabricated Exterior Wall Panels for Commercial Building Enclosures PDF File. Retrieved at:
brikbase.org/sites/default/files/Loush.paper_.pdf
 traditional construction. And, labor is required to assemble/fabricate,
handle, deliver and install the components. Therefore, the material and
labor costs may or may not be less than a traditional field-built building
but the benefits are realized in other aspects of the construction
process. It has been estimated that 57% of construction activities are
wasteful and non-value adding. While, on the other hand, 62% of
manufacturing activities add value.28 By reducing waste and adding
value, prefabrication improves building efficiency.

Another research from Milovanović (2012) University of Zagreb,

the best way to ensure sustainable development would be to reconcile
human needs with the capacity of the planet to cope with the
consequences of human activities. 29 This means that to take from the
earth as little as possible natural resources and return to the earth as
little as possible non-natural waste.

In addition to that, an organization named Leadership in Energy

and Environmental Design (LEED) is encouraging the designer to have
more sustainable housing that is eco-friendly and will help the nature to
revitalize little by little. The LEED is an internationally recognized green
building certification system,  providing third-party verification that a
building or community was designed and built using strategies aimed
at improving performance across all the metrics that matter most:
energy savings, water efficiency, CO2 emissions reduction, improved
indoor environmental quality, and stewardship of resources and
sensitivity to their impacts.30

28
WBDG – Offsite and Modular Construction Explained by Tyan E. Smith, University of Utah, Chair, Offsite Construction
Council, NIBS
29
Milovanović (2012) The sustainable prefabricated wall panel system made of recycled aggregates PDF File. Retrieved at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265261923
30
Milovanović (2012) The sustainable prefabricated wall panel system made of recycled aggregates PDF File. Retrieved at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265261923
 One of the examples of prefabricated materials is a concrete
wall panel system that consists of two precast concrete layers
interconnected through stainless steel lattice girders. The illustration
shows that 50 % of the total aggregate quantity needed for the
production of concrete layers has been replaced with recycled
aggregate obtained from construction and demolition waste (CDW).

Source: ResearchGate
Figure 2.6 Cross-section of Prefabricated Wall Panel

A newly developed mineral wool manufactured using Ecose®

Technology is used as thermal insulation material. The wall system
reduces the effect of thermal bridges to a minimum due to its
connection to load bearing structure and the inner (load-bearing) layer
of the ECO-SANDWICH is made of recycled concrete aggregates
while the outer façade layer is made of recycled brick aggregates.
 Source: ResearchGate
Figure 2.7 Schematic overview of the production line

The illustration above shows the process of production of the

wall panel from Phase 1 where the natural resources are being kept to
have a recycled material until the wall panel is made. Compared to the
solutions prevalent on the market, the presented wall system has
favorable characteristics both in terms of life-cycle cost and
performance, retaining at the same time a substantially lower
environmental impact than the competing products with the same
insulation thickness.31

Furthermore, research could help to determine the thresholds

up to where recycled aggregates can be used to produce concrete that
comply with the standards and the intended purpose in other
residential and commercial buildings.

2.3 Synthesis

In summary of the review of the related literature, architecture has a

vast design approaches on how will the project can be sustainable.
Both Science and Art have a role on each project.

These related articles contributes to the formulation and planning

design that will ease the problem of each user. In line with the project
proposal, the article may serve as an inspiration in the design
conceptualization regarding architectural design outcome that the user
needed. The aforementioned attributes will be substantial and
prevalent to the residence of the proposed project.

31
Milovanović (2012) The sustainable prefabricated wall panel system made of recycled aggregates PDF File. Retrieved at:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265261923
 CHAPTER 3
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
3.1 Architectural Theories
3.1.1 The Living Environment – Ecological Architecture

Housing projects were initially built in the 1960s and 1970s,

there were many new theories of housing design in the context of
Modernism.
In 1971, environmental psychologist Ingrid Gehl authored a design guide
“Bo-miljø” [Living Environment] about the basic needs that people
have in relation to their housing (Gehl 1971). She argued that the basic
human housing needs themselves are universal but people express
them in different ways.
 Source: www.archdaily.com
Figure 3.8 Semaphore (Ecological Building)

The eight needs Gehl identified can be translated as being: 1) the

need for human contact, to see and meet others; 2) the need for
privacy; 3) the need for varied experiences; 4) the need for
purposefulness; 5) the need for play; 6) the need for structure and
orientation within the environment; 7) the need for a sense of
ownership and identification with the community and environment;
8) and, the need for aesthetics and beauty. Gehl illustrated these with
photographic examples of how the spaces between buildings, scale, and
32
experiential qualities of spaces impact our psychological wellbeing.

In the other hand, the same concept of Gehl study is called

Ecological Architecture. By definition it is a Urban Greening creating
green spaces that promote symbiosis between urban and natural

32
Research Gate(2016) Social Sustainability in Context (PDF File)
 environments.33 As cities around the world become larger, ecological
architecture has grown to promote that symbiosis in new, creative,
aesthetically pleasing ways.

The use of this concept is highly needed and very timely amidst
of Global Warming since it would greatly help to the worsening condition
of the environment. In addition to that, it will also help the user to
become healthy mentally, physically and to be productive individually.
Application of the design should be applied to the project whenever
possible but suggested not to comprise the structure stability of the
proposed buildings.

3.1.2 Adaptive Architecture

Adaptive architecture is a framework which changes its

structure, behaviour or resources according to request. It is a multi-
disciplinary approach concerned with buildings that are totally driven by
internal data and also building those are designed to adapt to their
environments, their inhabitants and objects.

Considering the Climate Change and the Rising Sea Level of

Manila where the proposal is located, the proposed project must
adaptive to these changes. According to scientific projections made by
Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change (IPCC), the oceans stand
to rise by one to four feet by the end of the century, with projections of
more ferocious storms and higher tides that could upend the lives of
entire communities. 34

33
Ans Global (2018) The History and Development of Ecological Architecture (PDF File)

34
The New York Times (2020) A Crisis Right Now: San Francisco and Manila Face Rising Seas (Article) Retrived at:
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/02/13/climate/manila-san-francisco-sea-level-rise.html
 Source: www.architecture.com
Figure 3.9 Adaptive Flood Resilient Building

Since Manila Bay is facing serious problems about floods, the

best solution for this is to adapt to the rising tide. With the proper
knowledge about the concept, this problem can be prevented by
designing and planning the project ahead. The plan is to raise the
building 1-2 storey above so when the time where Manila will be
submerge, they can survive and be resilient to the flood.

This flood resilience measures go far beyond limiting or

preventing water ingress to a building. They might include measures
such as:

 making the interior wet proof/recoverable

 adding a storey and reconfiguring the ground floor
 raising floor levels
 jacking-up the structure or floating the whole house

3.1.3 Post Covid House Design

 The COVID-19 pandemic has forced us to reconsider the
way we live and build in the future. From the conception of social
distancing public parks to a rise in lightweight, temporary
architecture, new ideas are swiftly being brought to the fore. As
people are confined within their homes now more than ever, a
spotlight has been cast upon the way residences can
accommodate the demands of this new, unforeseen era.

Source: https://www.architecturaldigest.com/
Figure 3.10 Post Covid House Design

Based on current trends and concepts that have arisen during

the pandemic, here are the list on ways on how will the house design
when there is a pandemic.
 New Interest in Adaptable Layouts

Our connections to our homes — both physical and mental —

have never been greater, and this may persist and even intensify after
this pandemic subsides. If this happens, homes will need to
accommodate a greater amount of services and functions. Designated
spaces for a greater number of specific activities, such as reading,
napping, physical activity and entertainment, will be desired.

 A Universal Need for Private Outdoor Space

Since the onset of the pandemic, our appreciation of the

outdoors and nature seems to have greatly increased. The act of
simply going for a walk or sitting in a park has been a monumental
source of reprieve. However, in the midst of a lockdown scenario,
these activities don’t guarantee safety and aren’t universally
accessible.

 Smart Kitchen Design

With people more inclined to stay at home, the significance of

kitchens within homes has risen as well. According to Epiphany,
pantries are going to become more necessary as people aim to make
fewer trips to stores. Smart kitchen design will also be more
prominent, especially due to the rise of the hands-free mindset. This
means more voice-activated technology in the kitchen, controlling
things such as lights, faucets and appliances, according to Epiphany.

 Wellness and health integration

“As the global community at large has spent much more time at
home these days, one thing has certainly come to mind: A home
should be a sanctuary,” says Andrew Shead, marketing manager at
luxury manufacturer True Residential. “Recent times have shined a
light on the importance of fully decked-out master bedrooms,
 bathrooms, and guest rooms,” Shead explains. “In the guest room, a
quarantined member of the household, or a guest in later times, can
have their own dedicated fridge, contributing to a much more hygienic
household overall, as well as creating a sense of comfort and privacy.”

Many believe that this new reliance on the home will persist
after the pandemic subsides. As homes begin to play greater roles in
our daily lives, they will need to adapt in order to entertain more
activities and services.

3.2 Engineering Theories

3.2.1 Modular Construction

‘Modular construction’ is a term used to describe the use of

factory-produced pre-engineered building units that are delivered to
site and assembled as large volumetric components or as substantial
 35
elements of a building. The modular units may form complete rooms,
parts of rooms, or separate highly serviced units such as toilets or lifts.
The collection of discrete modular units usually forms a self-supporting
structure in its own right or, for tall buildings, may rely on an
independent structural framework.

Source: https://www.chapmantaylor.com/
Figure 3.11 Modular Construction

Modular construction has several advantages and

disadvantages that need to be considered while using this method.
Many of the advantages are related to improvements in costs,
schedules, safety, quality, productivity and environmental
performance.36 While the disadvantages are associated with project
planning, transportation and site limitations, initiation costs, lack of
knowledge. These considerations are discussed in the following, based
upon information derived from the literature.

Process of modular construction

Source: https://northgateindustries.com/
1) Off-site Construction
35
Steel Construction (1995) Modular Construction (Website Article) Retrieved at:
https://www.steelconstruction.info/Modular_construction
36
“Interpreted information exchange: Systematic approach for BIM to engineering analysis information transformations”.
Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering
 The reason modular construction is aptly named so is because
it uses pre-manufactured modules for constructing buildings. Upon the
commencement of the construction project, your modular building
manufacturer will begin with the off-site construction of individual
modules. Based on the design of the final project, these modules are
manufactured for the commercial purpose they are prescribed for.

2) Site-work
While your modular building manufacturer assigns a separate
team to build individual modules, another team works on laying the
foundation and preparing the site for assembling the pre-manufactured
modules. The two teams constantly communicate with each other to
share their work status and ensure the deadlines are met steadily.

3) Delivery of Modules
Once the modules are constructed, they are delivered to the
site. They are then craned to their position as per the design. This is
when the design on paper begins to materialize in reality. The actual
construction process starts and you get to see your modular structure
come together.

4) Interior and Exterior Finishing

As the modules are assembled, work on the interior and the
exterior spaces of your building begin. Interior designers and architects
suggest design ideas to furnish the interiors of your modular building.
The interiors of your construction transform from a mere enclosure of
space to distinct rooms during this process. The exteriors also undergo
finishing and landscaping wherever required.

5) Project Completion
 This is the stage where your modular building is fully done and
becomes habitable. Any additional fit-outs are done as per your needs.
Lastly, your modular building manufacturer will give you the keys to
your new building. This also marks the completion of your construction
project.
Saving time in construction activities equates to reducing the
cost of the project.37 Some aspects of these factors, however, such as
the cost of materials, which is estimated to be lower than those used in
traditional construction because they can be bought in bulk,
independently impact modular construction. Another example is the
time that is required to design a modular project, which is significantly
less than for traditional construction, because the designs are typically
38 39
used for multiple similar projects,

By this, the proposed project will also use the modular

construction in order have a fast and more efficient outcome. Since the
project has existing exsisting residence, the aim to have a faster
construction.

3.2.2 Piled Foundation

A pile is basically a long cylinder of a strong material such as

concrete that is pushed into the ground so that structures can be
supported on top of it.
When there is a layer of weak soil at the surface. This layer
cannot support the weight of the building, so the loads of the building
have to bypass this layer and be transferred to the layer of stronger
soil or rock that is below the weak layer.

37
“Development of performance criteria for sustainability evaluation of modular versus conventional construction methods”.
Journal of cleaner production
38
“Industrial project execution planning: Modularization versus stick built”. Practice periodical on structural design and
construction
39
E. “Engineering, procurement and construction cost and schedule performance leading indicators: state-of-the-art review”.
 When a building has very heavy, concentrated loads, such as in
a high rise structure.

Source: http://www.understandconstruction.com/
Figure 3.12 Pile Foundation

Since the project is located near bodies of water, the researcher

will use this foundation in order to have a stronger foundation
compared to other.

3.2.3 Green Building Design Strategy

 Source: https://www.greenbuildingsolutions.org/
Figure 3.13 Sustainable Building Design

The Concept of Green Architecture, also known as “sustainable

architecture” or “green building,” is the theory, science and style of
buildings designed and constructed in accordance with
40
environmentally friendly principles.

Green architecture strives to minimize the number of resources

consumed in the building's construction, use and operation, as well as
curtailing the harm done to the environment through the emission,
pollution and waste of its components.

Its purpose is to design, construct, operate and maintain

buildings energy, water and new materials are utilized as well as
amounts of waste causing negative effects to health and environment
is generated. In order to limit these effects and design environmentally
sound and resource efficient buildings; “green building systems”
must be introduced, clarified, understood and practiced (Amany
Ragheb, 2015).

The integration of technology will consume a large amount of

electrical energy. This theory will be applied as a sustainable approach
in the design of facilities of the housing complex. Through the use of
renewable energy devices, the consume of energy will be saved.

3.3 Feasibility Theory

3.3.1 Cost Theory

40
Science Direct (2016) Green Architecture: A Concept of Sustainability (PDF File) Retrieved at:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042815062552
 According to the Local Shelter Plan 2020-2025 of Manila, the
total estimated cost for all housing options is Php 23,166,500,000.00
alloted for by the local government of Manila. While in Vitas
Katuparan Village the estimated cost is 1,824,000,000.00 that will
target 1,824 household for the residence ang the growing population of
the village.

Source: Local Shelter Plan 2020-2025

Figure 3.14 Budget Allocation in Vitas Katuparan Village

The manner of accumulating a return of investment by way of

leasable spaces for the project shall be with a leasing contract
agreement with NHA itself.
The table shows the potential sources of funds which the city
can tap for its housing projects. The project component that can be
funded varies from lot acquisition, site development, house
construction, and a combination of any or all of the three. The funds
can also be utilized to put up water systems and other infrastructures
related to shelter within a housing project area.
 Table 3.2 - Potential Sources of Funds for Shelter Provision

3.3.2 Ecological Model Aging Theory

A specific instance of the ecological model is provided by

Lawton and Nehemow (1973). In analyzing the adaptation of the
elderly to their environment, this model is premised on the concept that
an individual’s behavior and satisfaction are dependent upon a balance
between the demand of the environment (environmental press) and the
ability of the individual to cope up with it (personal competence).
Research confirmed that most people would prefer to age in place.
 The ecological model of aging suggests that the ability to do so
may depend on many factors such as health, income, age, death of a
spouse and other social factors. In their study as, pre-retirees’ plans to
adapt to their environments in maintaining independence as they age,
McFadden and Brandt (1993) suggested that the individual behavior
and satisfaction are contingent upon the dynamic balance between the
demand character of the environment (press) and the individual’s
ability to deal with that demand (competence).

3.3.3 Behavioral Theory

3.4 Theoretical Framework
The theoretical framework diagram as seen in figure belowa
shows a convergence of ideas in order to formulate the project. The
three main theories of which the project is reliant on to be realized are
(1) Architecture, (2), Engineering, and (3) Feasibility Theory. In order to
be realized the main concepts must achieve the connection between
three categories that will joined them together.

The Living
Environment Modular
– Ecological Construction
Architecture
NEW VITAS:
A LOW-COST ECO-
Post Covid HOUSING COMPLEX
House FOR KATUPARAN
Piled
Design VILLAGE IN TONDO
Foundation

Architectural
Engineering
Theories
Theory

Green
Adaptive Feasibility Building
Architecture Theory Design
Strategy

Ecological
Model Aging Behavioral
Theory Theory

Cost Theory

3.5 Conceptual Framework

In order to reach the goals of the study, the input-process-output

method was used and illustrated to organized the flow of details regarding the
proposed project NEW VITAS: A low-cost eco housing complex.
 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Current housing backlog of Conducting research studies, Formulated initial ideas or
Manila gathering of data, assessing solution to be applied to the
and how the solution will fit to project that is related to eco
the problems. housing design.
Related literatures and case Reviewing and assessing Sorting, choosing and
studies. similar projects and theories application of ideas/concepts
relevant to the study. that is suitable to the project.
Demand study of Public Studying and assessing trends Summarize the overall data
Housing and related facilities. and demographics of housing gathered, target users and
in the country, also conducting feasibility of the project.
surveys and interviews.
Suitable site of the project. Site data analysis and Analysis, evaluation and
identifying its factors. justification of the best-chosen
site and its vicinity for the
project.
Applicable technologies and Browsing of suitable Integration and translation of
theories. technologies and theories concepts to the architectural
related to the project. features of the project.
Public housing trends Research studies on basic Sustainable strategies and
information of low cost design that will integrate to the
housing. design proposal.
Behavior and activities of users Identifying and programming of Site and space planning,
in in public housing and other space requirements related to matrices, interrelationships and
related facilities. the project and its site context. schematics then translating
into architectural plans and
designs.
NEW VITAS:
A LOW-COST ECO-HOUSING COMPLEX
FOR KATUPARAN VILLAGE IN TONDO

CHAPTER 4
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
4.1 Method of Research
4.1.1 Descriptive Method
4.1.1.1 Documentary Analysis

Residential projects are one of the most challenging proposals

in the world of architecture. Considering the user of these structures is
staying inside for almost seven days a week, the researcher must
know all the aspects and the things that need to be considered in order
to have a systematic, valid and verifiable, empirical and critical
proposal. Through this, one of the methods that will give the
researcher a better understanding about the proposal is documentary
analysis. The researcher will study everything related to the proposal
such as journals, newspapers, magazines, books, websites and other
reliable sources in order to have a deeper knowledge about the topic.

4.1.1.2 Trend Analysis

Since the project is providing affordable housing, the researcher

must know the trends and situations in reference to the materials,
method of constructions, and other data that is globally used to have a
low-cost housing project including the trends in the Philippines. Then
the researcher will undergo a comparative analysis to know what is the
best economic, environmentally friendly and safest materials and
method of construction that is suitable for the project. Moreover, the
researcher must understand the feasibility of the proposed project
through the result of the trend analysis.

4.1.1.3 Case Study

Case studies is one of the best research methods of all since

the researcher will experience as one of the users regarding the
proposal. This includes going to the site with the same like project and
know the different aspects such social, physical, economic,
 environmental, infrastructure and utilities and cultural. The purpose of
this study is to know what are the features, problems and best
practices of that same like proposal and analyze what are the possible
good aspect that can be adaptive to the proposed project.

4.1.1.4 Survey Method

One of the delimitations of the study is the availability data for

Vitas Katuparan Village since it is a specific project and for that
reason, the researcher conduct a survey regarding the rental fees,
problems, needs and such to know what will be the design to
considered in order to have a new affordable housing units of the
residence in Katuparan Village.

4.1.1.5 Interview

To have another level of knowledge regarding the project, the

researcher will conduct an interview to experts that has an
experience in building an affording housing. This includes the
Department of Human Settlements and Development and the key
shelter which are Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board
(HLURB), National Housing Authority (NHA) and National Home
Mortgage Finance. This also includes the Local Government of
Manila with the department of City Planning and Development and
Urban Settlement.
4.2 Source of Data
4.2.1 Primary Source
 Kagawad Phil Tiozon
Housing Committee
Vitas Katuparan Village
 Kagawad Tiozon is responsible for all the important data
such as demographics, income, rental fees, labors and the total
number of households in Vitas Katuparan Village. Since the data
that is given is not complete the researcher

 Engr. Mark Tupaz

Officer in Charge
NHA-West Sector

NHA West Sector is responsible for providing the necessary

information and documents regarding this specific type of project. The
department is also responsible for guiding the researcher regarding
site technicalities such as site bearings, sample financing schemes,
amortizations and other fees on low-cost housing project.

 Alvid Reyes
Administrative Officer II
Department of Human Settlement and Urban Development
(DHSUD)

The DHSUD is the head of overall housing projects in the

Philippines. This person assisted the researcher in regards to
the materials and method of construction that is suitable for the
proposal. Also, give further information as well financing
scheme and rental prices of each unit.

 Vitas Katuparan Assessment

The survey method by the researcher is one of the primary

sources since the researcher conducts an interview with regards to
 the problems, issues and the preferred designs of the residence.
This also used to gather opinions, information and statistics
regarding the proposed project.

The procedure will be done through actual survey around the

site. The survey questions were formulated to get the required
information about Vitas Katuparan Village other related concerns.
This would determine the respondents’ opinion in regards to the
issue about the demolition of the village. The target number of
respondents will be limited only to 50. The result will be used as
basis and guide in accordance to the study needs of user in the
project.

4.2.2 Secondary Source

 Books
 Housing and Health Guidelines
Author: World Health Organization

The book will serve as a reference for international

guidelines regarding housing design for other key housing risk
factors such as water, air quality and noise factor. It will also
include how will the researcher will design in accordance with
health and sanitation.

 Handbook on Resettlement
Author: Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council

The handbook will serve as guideline on different existing

projects made by the department. This includes case studies,
policies, and ordinances in regards to the successful facilitating an
affordable housing village.
  Publications
 Rental Housing for Urban Low-Income Households in the
Philippines
Reference Site: https://www.pids.gov.ph/

The Philippine Institute for Development Studies is a

government-owned and controlled corporation of the Philippine
National Government. This serves as a basis on subsidies
provided in the housing sector incidence of benefits of the
subsidies d alternative options for providing subsidies to the most
deserving beneficiaries.

4.3 Random Sampling Technique

Since the data given by the barangay housing committee has

limitations, the researcher conducts a random sampling method from
populations to know the opinion of the residence regarding the household
income of the residence and other related questions that needs to know
and considered by the researcher.

4.4 Research Instruments

4.4.1 Interview

Some information can’t be acquired through books or online sources

but by conducting an interview and interacting to the experts, stakeholders
or individuals the researcher will gain suggestions and opinions and other
useful information as basis for knowledge about human settlements.

Interview Questionnaires
 These are the following questions that the researcher aimed to know
about in government key shelters.

1. How was the housing condition in the Philippines?

This question aims to know about the current condition on

housing backlog in the Philippines to assess what are the problems
needed to solve.

2. Is there any data about the housing backlog in the Manila City or
other parts of the Philippines?

This question is the same as the question in number 1 but in Manila

City since the proposal has a specific site for project meaning and
specific target market.

3. What are the government plans to the increasing number of informal

settlers?

This aims to know the government effort in order to address the

problems with the ISFs.

4. What are the plans for Vitas Katuparan Village that is now
condemned?

The question aims to know what are the future plans for Vitas
Katuparan Village since it is declared by the DPWH as unsafe and
susceptible to disasters such as typhoons and earthquakes was
condemned and issued a demolition order.

5. Is there any allocated land for future housing projects in Manila?

 In relation to the question above, the researcher aims to know
where the existing residence will go once the demolition started.

6. How many percentages does the National government allot for the
housing projects of Manila?

The question was asked to determined what are the level of

priority does the government allocate for housing sector in the
Philippines.

7. Who finances the existing housing projects of Manila?

This question aims to know if the proposal is feasible and if there is

a potential source of fund for the project.

8. Are there any guidelines or research in building a housing

community?

The question aims to know if there are any other guidelines

except BP 220 for the researcher have a vast knowledge about the
topic.

9. Is there any project that is not conventional like the previous

projects?

This question was asked to know if the NHA had come up with
other than conventional housing in the Philippines.

10. Is there any research or plan that the agency will establish a non-
conventional type of housing in the future?
 This question is related to question number 9. The researcher
aims to know if the NHA will have future plans on building housing that
is purely different from existing housing in the Philippines.

11. Are there any research/guidelines in creating a non-conventional

type of housing?

The question was asked to know if the guidelines are available

for non-conventional housing since the project may somehow related
to the unconventional public housing proposal existing in the present.

12. Are there any temporary shelters for possible redevelopment of the
building that declared as condemned buildings by your agency?

This question ensures the sake of the existing residence in Vitas

Katuparan Village.

13. If yes, where are these located?

This follow up question was asked to know so that the

researcher will conduct an interview to these relocation sites of the
acting department.

14. Are there any self-sustaining houses that the agency will build? For
example, Eco-Housing Complex that will provide the needs of its
user of residence?

The question was asked to know if the researcher will have an

inspiration for the proposed project made the agency since they are
 the ones who have a detailed understanding and research about the
proposal.

15.    What are your thoughts about the feasibility of my project?

This question was asked to know the possibility of the same

project or plan from the department itself. Since the Vitas Katuparan
Village is project between NHA and LGU of Manila, the researcher
wants to know if the project is feasible or not.

4.4.2 Survey
This survey was conducted to the 30 residence of Vitas
Katuparan Village. Since the specific target market are the existing
beneficiaries, the researcher asks questions to know about the
residence’s opinion regarding demolition, monthly rent and many more.
Furthermore, a social interaction between the researcher and the
residence is needed to have a deeper connection about the project
proposal.

1. How long do you live here? (Gaano kana katagal na naninihiran na sa

lugar na ito?)

This question was asked to know if the residence have a

capability of paying the current monthly rent of their unit.

2. What and where is your job?is our sources of living? (Ano at saan ang
iyong trabaho?)

The question aims to know if the residence has a nearby job or

on site job.
 3. What is your civil status? (Ano ang iyong katayuang sibil?)

The question aims to know the average and different civil

statuses of the residence to become a basis of planning and design for
specific users.

4. What are your household monthly income? (Ano ang buwanang kita ng
inyong buong pamilya?)

This question aims to know how many households have the

capacity in paying monthly rent.

5. Do you agree to the demolition of Vitas Katuparan Village? (Sang ayon

ka ba sa gagawing demolisyon sa inyong lugar?)

This question aims to know the opinion of the residence regarding the
issuance of the demolition of Vitas Katuparan Village.

6. Do you agree to the New Construction of Vitas provided a temporary

relocation site will be handled by the local government and NHA itself?
(Sang ayon ka ba sa proyektong bagong konstruksyon ng Vitas
hangga’t ang lilipatang pansamantalang lugar ay sagot ng gobyerno at
ng ahensya sa pabahay)

The question aims to know if the residents are willing to relocate

in consequence that the government will handle their relocation site
after.

CHAPTER 5
DATA PRESENTATION
.1 Project Need and Justification
 In order to validate and justify the feasibility of the proposal, this part of the
research provides studies how the researcher comes up with the idea that
deals with the urgent need of the proposal.

5.1.1 Demand Analysis

 Sustainable Development Goals

Figure 5.14
Source: United Nations Development Program (UNDP)

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the

Global Goals, were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as
a universal call to action to end poverty and protect the planet and ensure
41
that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030.

According to United Nation Development Program (UNDP), there 828

million people are estimated to living in the slums by the year of 2030.
One of SDG goal is to have a Sustainable Cities and communities
wherein the objective of this to make the city become sustainable by means

41
UNDP, (2020, February) Sustainable Development Goals
 of creating career, business opportunities, safe and affordable housing, and
42
build resilient societies and economies.

 5.1.1.2 Philippines Housing Backlog Situation

According to the DHSUD, from 2011 to 2016, the total housing backlog
could reach 5.7 million, a result of accumulated need and future or recurrent
need.
HOUSING BACKLOG
In some parts of the Philippines

584,425 ISFs
Metro Manila
221,284 ISFs
Reside in Region IV-A
CALABARZON

117,670 ISFs
Are in Region III

Based on the 2011 NHA Survey

Table 5.15 No. of ISFs in the Most densely Figure 5.16 Percentage of Housing Backlog in
populated cities the Philippines

The table shows the detailed location and specific numbers ISFs that
compose the backlog, as well as their circumstance (living in danger areas,
will be affected by government infrastructure project, for Settlements

42
United Nation Development Program, (Retrieved from [URL] https://www.undp.org/)
 Upgrading). The table likewise shows the number of households targeted for
assistance annually from 2020 to 2025.

HOUSING BACKLOGOF THE PHILIPPINES

Source: DHUD
Housing programs living in a 84% of
99,231 ISFs
danger area in Metro Manila target
Resettlement Program
72% of
ISF Affected by Gov’t Infra 39,972 ISFs
target
Projects
Settlements Upgrading 23,017 ISFs 135%

Table 5.3 No. of ISFs in the Most densely populated cities

 Republic Act 7279 - The Urban Development and Housing Act of

1992

Incorporation with the private sector, a comprehensive and continuing

Urban Development and Housing Program that will be uplift the conditions of
the underprivileged and homeless citizens in urban areas and in resettlement
areas by making available to them decent housing at affordable cost, basic
43
services, and employment opportunities.

It also includes the Development of urban areas conducive to

commercial and industrial activities which can generate more economic
opportunities for the people. Furthermore, the reduction in urban
dysfunctions, particularly those that adversely affect public health, safety and
ecology will also be included to this act.

Thus, the program shall cover all lands in urban and urbanize areas,
including existing areas for priority development sites, and in other areas that

43
Official Gazette, Republic Act No. 7279
 may be identified by the local government units as suitable for socialized
housing.

Through this, it proves that the National government had envisioned

that the increasing number of populations in the Philippines would be a big
problem. Thus, the National government came up with an act that will
accommodate the present and future problems in housing the poor.
 Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022 (Ambisyon Natin 2040)
The Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2017-2022 thus
aims to support communities, marginalized sectors, local
governments and the private sector in building safe and secure
communities that will allow more families to enjoy a matatag,
maginhawa, at panatag na buhay – strongly rooted, comfortable
and secure – as part of building socioeconomic resilience. 44 The
chapter 12 which is Building safe and secure communities
 Republic Act No. 11201-Department Of Human Settlements and
Urban Development Act of 2017

Figure 5.17 Proof of Demand Screen Copy

The law creating the Department of Human Settlements and Urban

Development (DHSUD), Republic Act No. 11201, was signed into law by
President Rodrigo Duterte on February 14, 2019 with the signing announced
to the public by the government on February 19, 2019.

44
Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022 (PDF)
 The state shall, by law and for the common good, undertake 5 in
cooperation with the private sector, a continuing program of housing, urban
and rural 6 developments which shall make available at affordable cost,
decent housing and basic services 7 to the underprivileged and homeless
citizens in urban centers and resettlement areas. 45

In line with this, a Senate bill of Senator Clarence “Bong” Go presented

the same proposal in the Congress. This act also serves as a proof that the
government needs a department that will manage the worsening problem of
the Philippines regarding housing backlog.

 The 1987 Constitution Of The Republic Of The Philippines –

Article XIII

The section 9 of Philippines Constitution states, by law, and for the

common good, undertake, in cooperation with the private sector, a continuing
program of urban land reform and housing which will make available at
affordable cost, decent housing and basic services to underprivileged and
homeless citizens in urban centers and resettlement areas. It shall also
promote adequate employment opportunities to such citizens. In the
implementation of such program the State shall respect the rights of small
property owners.46

 Local Shelter Plan – City of Manila 2020-2025 Analysis

The table below shows the specific location andnumbers of

households that compose the backlog in Manila City. As well as the
circumstance living in the danger areas and the number of people will be
affected by the government infrastructure project or might be evicted. The
table likewise shows the number of household targeted for the assistance
annually from 2020-2025.
45
Republic Act No. 11201- Department Of Human Settlements and Urban Development Act of 2017 [PDF]
46
Philippines Constitution 1987 Retrieved from [URL) https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/
 Total
Backlog Annual Program Period
HHs
Danger Areas
Waterways (Esteros) 7,279 2,426 2020-2025
Manila Bay Coastal 7,279 2,426 2020-2022
2,000 667 2020-2022
Area 2,086 695 2023-2025
Others
Condemned Buildings 2,020 337 2020-2025
Punta Tenement 4,208 365 2020-2022
Vitas Katuparan 1,824 608 2020-2022
Vitas Temporary 5,000 1667 2020-2022
TOTAL 64,006

Source: Local Shelter Plan of Manila

Table 5.4 Backlog of Manila City

Manila City has huge amount of housing backlog due to different

scenarios. With the total number of 64,006 housing units, the Manila City
needed to produce housing units in order to meet the demands.

Since Vitas Katuparan Village is declared by Department of Public

Works and Highways (DPWH) as one of the condemned buildings in Manila,
a New Construction of this project is being pursued.

As part of this plan, the Local Government Unit will also have a forward
project for condemned Vitas Katuparan Village by the year of 2020-2022.The
complete drawings, financing scheme, and amortization of the residence is
already planned and the status of this project is for approval by National
Government and the target construction of this is by year 2020.
 National Housing Authority Plan for 2020-2025
 Figure 5.18 Local Shelter Plan

New Construction of Vitas Katuparan Residential/Commercial

Complex is part of the forward planning for housing program and
development plan in Vitas Katuparan for the year of 2021.

The original proposal called for the repair of the 12 buildings and in
compliance with the provisions of RA 9184, the standard process prior to the
project’s implementation was followed, and a contractor/bidder was
determined to have the lowest calculated bid.

Figure 5.19 On-Site Relocation Program

 However, the award of the contract to the aforementioned bidder did
not materialize and the bidding was declared a failure due to the report of the
DPWH Bureau of Design which declared the buildings as unsafe for human
occupancy; this likewise resulted in these buildings being condemned.

The proposed project calls for the construction of 5-LRB – 6-MRB

MediumRise Buildings at the NHA-owned property all the buildings currently
occupying the site are slated for demolition; in their place – medium-rise
buildings will be constructed, with the current occupants of the former
structures mentioned as priority beneficiaries. (See attached files in the
Appendix Section)

5.1.1.3 Analysis of the existing condition of Vitas Katuparan Village

Over the past years, since the Vitas Katuparan Village was built in
1991, the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) conducted
inspection regarding the current state of the village. After several inspections
from 2010 up to the present day, the discoveries reveal that the housing
projects are unsafe and susceptible to disasters such as typhoons and
earthquakes. Because of these buildings’ vulnerability, the Building Official of
Manila has issued a demolition order for Vitas Temporary Housing to ensure
the safety of the occupants, in accordance with the Implementing Rules and
Regulations of the National Building Code.

The researcher conducted a study and observed the existing condition

of the village. According to authority, building 3 of the Katuparan Village in
Vitas, Tondo saw two deaths the past year. In both cases, the men
accidentally plunged from balconies when the railings dislodged due to years
of neglect. Since the complex was built during the administration of former
President Corazon Aquino, is already densely populated.
 In the present day, based on the researcher observation, the Village is
now filthy, decrepit, and smells of sweat and human excrement. The whole
village is neither child-friendly nor PWD friendly.

Figure 5.20
Existing
photos how dilapidated Vitas Katuparan Village is
Source: Geraldine Bermundo

The staircases that threaten to collapse, among protruding metal

objects and chunks of plaster that easily crumble. It's no place for children.
But it's no place for grown-ups either.

In April 2010, a month before general elections were to be held, the

Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) recommended the
National Housing Authority rehabilitate 12 buildings in the complex. No
repairs were ever made. In 2014, the Manila City Engineer's Office finally
declared the buildings condemned. But the residents appealed the decision.
Since then, the residence appeal to the NHA of repair works.
 Manila will have the second-highest casualty count in NCR next to
Quezon City. "The number of people that will die is dependent on the number
of buildings that will collapse, “says Philippine Institute of Volcanology and
Seismology (Phivolcs) Director Renato Solidum.

Figure 5.21 Photos showing how dilapidated Vitas Katuparan Village

Srouce: Geraldine Bermundo

Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) Chairman Francis

Tolentino, who's in charge of the earthquake emergency response program,
Oplan Yakal, gives the government a score of 5 on a scale of one to ten. He
concedes more needs to be done to rehabilitate buildings, or evacuate people
to safer areas, as is the case with Katuparan.

5.1.2 User Analysis

5.1.2.2General Population
Macro Analysis
 Population Growth
Growth
LOCATION 2015 2020 2025 2030
Rate
PHILIPPINES 100,981,437 1.72 109,969,766 113,628,654 113,628,654
NCR 12,877,253 1.58 13,297707 13,938,030 15,074,483
CITY OF MANILA 1,680,148 1.43 1,800376 1,936,474 2,078,949
TONDO 627,824 1.03 660,829 695,570 732,138

Source: SEP– Manila City Hall

Table5.5 Population Growth Rate
 The table shows above that are following population and projection of
each location from year 2015 to 2030. Among the 14 districts comprising the
City of Manila, Tondo was the most populous with a population size making
up 38.0 percent of the total population of the city. 

 Household Population by number of family members

The graph shows that the percentage of male in Manila City is higher
than female. The total number for male is 810,591 and the female population
is 770,491.
The graph shows the percentage of population according to the age
group. The age bracket 20-39 has the biggest percentage while the least is
14 below.

Figure 5.22 Percentage of Population by Sex Group 2000 Figure 5.23 Percentage of Population by Age Group 2000
Source: Socio-Economic Profile – Manila City Hall Source: Socio-Economic Profile – Manila City Hall

 Crime Rate of Manila City

 Theft and robbery are the two most common crimes in the City of
Manila, although the formerly ranked 2nd, it showed a decreasing trend. ]
 Therefore, in relation to the proposal; safety and security must highly
be considered in order to meet or support the decreasing number of theft in
the area

Figure 5.24 Percentage of Crime Classification Rate Figure 5.25 Crime Rate Statistics from 2001-2006
Source: SEP – Manila City Hall Source: SEP – Manila City Hall

The line graph below shows the Crime rate statistics from 2001 to
2006 of Manila City. In 2001, Crime is often an outcome of contributing
factors such as poverty and drug addiction, and hence these factors need
to be addressed as well while enforcing protective regulations.

 Top Ten Leading Cause of Mortality

The table below reveals that diseases of the heart, pneumonia and Sepsis
are the top three leading causes of mortality for the comparative period in
review, 2002 – 2004.

TOP TEN LEADING

2002 2003 2004
CAUSE OF MORTALITY Source:
SEP –
Prematurity 320 308 287 Manila
City Hall
Pneumonia 291 227 238
Table 5.6 Top
Ten Sepsis 107 85 95 Leading
Causes
of Congenital HD 53 57 38 Death
Measles 37 29 15
Congenital Anomalies 28 24 14
Gastro-enteritis 28 24 14
RDS 14 5 11
Asthma 5 0 0
Meningitis 21 8 4
  Occupied Housing

Occupied Housing Units, Households, Household Population and Ratio of Households and
Housing Population to Occupied Housing Unit by Type of Building
Type of Bldgs. Occupied Households Household Ratio
Households Household
Housing Population
to Occupied Population to
Units
Housing Occupied
Unit Housing Unit
Total 305,104 333,547 1,569,584 1.09 5.14
Single House 149,136 163,158 786,910 1.09 5.28
Duplex 20,694 22,271 106,218 1.08 5.13
Multi-Unit 124,821 137,093 625,792 1.1 5.01
Commercial 3,349 3,665 16,123 1.09 4.81
Institutional 303 1.02 4.36
Institutional Living 297 303 1,295 1.02 4.36
squatters
Other Housing Unit 2,261 2,378 10,293 1.05 4.55
4,546 4,679 22,953 1.03 5.05
Source: SEP – Manila City Hall

Table 5.7 Occupied Housing Units

The 37.8% of households rent the house that they are staying in, while
33.7% own or are amortizing their houses. 30% of those who rent are staying in
single houses, 37.1% in duplex, 48% in multi-unit residential dwellings. 41.8% of
those who own their houses are in single houses, 36.9% are in duplex and 25.3%
are in multi-unit residential units.

 Organizational Chart
National Housing Authority together with the local government of
Manila is the main proponent of the project. Thus, the organizational are
seen below.
 Figure 5.26 Organizational Chart of NHA

Micro Analysis
5.1.2.2 Specific Users
 Clientele

The target user for this project is the existing beneficiaries of Vitas
Katuparan Village plus other informal settlers around the vicinity.

VITAS KATUPARAN VILLAGE POPULATION

BUILDING Units per floor Total Building Units per floor Total
1 10 40 14 18 72
2 17 68 15 21 84
3 25 100 16 22 88
4 10 40 17 12 48
5 10 40 18 10 40
6 8 32 19 24 96
7 11 44 20 11 44
8 11 44 21 11 44
9 11 44 22 11 44
10 12 48 23 13 52
11 16 64 24 14 56
12 17 68 25 15 60
13 17 68 26 31 124
27 28 112
TOTAL: 1664

Table5.8 Units per building Source: Housing Committee (Brgy. 101)

 The total number of units in Vitas Katuparan Village is 1,664 which
composed by Low Rise 4 Storey Buildings. The highest number of units
is building 26 and lowest number of units has 40 units which are building
1, 4, 5, and 18.

COMPARISION OF POPULATION AND HOUSEHOLD OF 2015 AND 2019

Katupara Household Population Househol Populatio Growth Population
n d n Rate
Building 2015 2015 2019 2019 2025 2030
1 34 172 41 193 1.12 192 203
2 50 276 63 305 1.10 308 325
3 63 338 132 395 1.16 380 430
4 26 135 35 251 1.8 162 177
5 25 132 64 165 1.25 123 128
6 25 131 30 169 1.3 148 158
7 21 112 34 101 0.9 122 128
8 48 236 69 488 2.06 489 320
9 40 187 54 282 1.5 217 234
10 45 193 57 271 1.4 221 237
11 42 187 74 133 .7 200 207
12 56 316 132 573 1.8 378 513
13 89 432 91 642 1.4 500 538
14 51 239 54 288 1.2 269 286
15 85 459 93 663 1.4 765 822
16 73 346 122 208 .6 220 227
17 50 224 64 263 1.17 294 312
18 37 191 56 179 .93 196 205
19 59 263 94 365 1.38 418 448
20 31 143 39 258 1.8 308 337
21 33 136 69 285 2.1 450 589
22 43 223 56 173 .77 186 194
23 35 173 62 107 .6 113 117
24 40 223 78 454 2.03 655 714
25 33 177 42 311 1.75 470 403
26 80 387 105 275 .71 295 305
27 86 408 127 642 1.5 750 811
TOTAL 1300 6439 1937 8503 8,829 9,364
Table 5.9 Units per building Source: Housing Committee (Brgy. 101)

 Growth Rate
 Figure 5.27 Population Projection
Source: Computed by the user based on growth rate

In 2015, the total

number of populations on Vitas Katuparan Village is 6,439 with the
number of households of 1,300. In the span of 4 years, the population
became 8,503 with the household of 1,937.

According to Kagawad Phil Tiozon a housing committee of Vitas

Village, the causes of this increased in population is that the residences
build a house in the rooftop that is intended for gatherings and celebration.
The residences also expand the floor area through overhangs and some
of them occupied the hallways and transform it into outside living area and
causing to weaken the structural of the building.
In relation to the proposal, it needs a strict implementation building
rules in order to prevent this kind of problems. In addition, the proposal will
highly consider the projection of population to accommodate the prioritize
the existing beneficiaries of Vitas Katuparan Village and it will also open
for other families who wish to have a better way of living but affordable
deal.

5.2 Site Specific

The proposed project focused on the specific site which means that
the site selection criteria are not needed anymore. Furthermore, the
following data will a detailed analysis of the proposed project.
 5.2.1. Site Data Presentation
5.2.1.1 Geographical Setting
 Philippine Map

Figure 5.28 Philippine Map

Source: Google Earth

The Philippines lies

at east from its Southeast Asian neighbors, China, Japan and Korea. The
City of Manila, located on the western portion of the country, is accessible
via South China Sea through the Manila Bay Area. The utilization of the
Pacific Ocean may be a possible solution to the congestion felt in the
Manila Bay/National Capital Region and possibly pave way for the
development of Eastern Luzon.

Manila is the capital city of the Philippines. The City stands on the
eastern shore of Manila Bay on the largest and northernmost Philippine
island, Luzon. Despite pockets of urban difficulties, it is one of the most
cosmopolitan cities in the world and its metropolitan area is the country's
economic, cultural, educational, and industrial center.

Manila is the hub of a thriving metropolitan area. The Metro

Manila, otherwise known as the National Capital Region, to where the
City of Manila belongs, is 636 square kilometers of throbbing metropolis
that is home to approximately eleven million Filipinos, about 14 percent of
the total population of the Philippines. However, that figure describes the
populace only at night. At daytime, Metro Manila's population climbs to
some 13-14 million persons as the differential pour back in from
neighboring areas to service the region's multitude of commercial,
industrial and service establishments.

 City Map

Figure 5.28 City Map

Source: CPDO

Due to the existence of developed port infrastructure, Manila

serves as the major trading port of the country, the center of the country's
shipping network and the link to the country's many island destinations.
The city harbors more than two-fifths of the total trade volume of the
country. The Port of Manila is located at the mouth of Manila Bay and is
composed of two harbors and one container terminal, namely: the South
and North Harbors and the Manila International Container Terminal
(MICT).
  Vicinity Map

The environment in the vicinity of the site has a great effect on the
project. It may lead to a positive and negative outcome for the project.
For the positive outcome, the project will benefit from its location in terms
of the proximity of ports since that is the prominent source of living of the
residence. The negative outcome for the project would be traffic
congestion since the major road is the route of trucks and other private
vehicles coming from Malabon, Caloocan, and Navotas.

1KM 2KM 3KM 4KM 5KM

Tondo Ospital ng Metropolitan Sm City San Chinese
Medical Tondo Abad Medical Lazaro General
Center Santos Center Hospital
Vitas Skate Florentino Divisoria UST Hospital Manila North
Park and High School Mall Green Park
Aquatics
Vitas Health Mary Harbor Link Dr. Jose La Loma
Center Johnson Transport Fabella Columbary
Ospital Incorporated Hospital
GN Vicente Victory Liner Tutuban Manila San
Lim Terminal Commercial Chinese Sebastian
Elemntary Center Cemetery Church
School
2Go Express St. Joseph Department Blumentritt Tayuman
Pier 18/12 School of Health Station Station
1KM 2KM 3KM 4KM 5KM
Tondo Ospital ng Metropolitan Sm City San Chinese
Medical Tondo Abad Mecial Lazaro General
Center Santos Center Hospital

Table 5.10 5 kilometer

radius from the site
 Table 5.29 Five km Radius
Source: Google Map

Prominent Locations and Distances

Space Travel Time by Distance
Car (KM)
1. Manila City Hall 13 mins 4.4

2. National Museum

3. PPhilippine Normal University

4. Unibersidad de Manila

5. Intramuros
6. Hospital ng Tondo 10 mins 2.9
7. Luneta 18 mins 5.7
8. Tondo Medical 7 mins 2.5
9. St. John Bosco Parish Church 5 mins 1.4
 Gn Vicente Lim Elem. 2 mins 70
School/Anthonio Jay Villegas meters
Vocational High School
 Brgy. 101 Hall 4 mins 200

 Urban Deca Mall meters

 Urban Deca Residence

 Table 5.11 Travel Distance of Prominent Location
Source: Wikipedia

The table above shows the prominent spaces, travel time and
distances from the site. It includes hospitals, schools, offices, government,
and other leisure parks.

 Barangay Map
 Figure 5.30 Barangay Map
Source: CPDO

The site is located on the West side of Manila City. It is nearby Manila
North Harbour Container Port, Manila Harbour Centre, Tondo Medical Center,
residential housing and other private properties. The shape of the lot is in
irregular form as shown above. There are available road networks that will
serve as the transport system for the various users like LRT 1, LRT 2 and
other major roads.
The site is surrounded by other residential buildings, public parks, and
ports. This implies that there is a possibility of traffic congestion during peak
hours. By this, the circulation from the entrance and exit of the site should be
highly considered to have an efficient workflow through the area.

 Site Analysis
 Site Map Analysis

Figure 5.31 Site Analysis

 The site analysis shows the diagram above has wind analysis, sun
path diagram, and nodes. It also indicates where are light traffic areas and
low flood susceptibility areas are. Through this analysis, the researcher will
have a guideline in zoning and design planning strategies that will apply.
 Development Growth

Figure 5.17 Transports and Development Analysis

Figure 5.32 Development Growth Map

The site is located on near the major exit point which is in North
making it strategic because it is near developments. It is also bounded by a
major road, river, and private property lot. In relation to the project, the
proposal will consider these developments to maximize the potential of site.

 SITE PLOT

Figure 5.33 Site Plot

5.2.1.2 Site Suitability
 Storm Surge Map

Figure 5.34 Storm Surge Map

Coastal strategies that reduce the consequences of a hazardous event

involve the design of the development. The goal of the location approach is to
avoid or limit development in flood hazard areas before a disaster or seize
opportunities for risk reduction and other community improvements after a
disaster.
 The risk of flooding in coastal zones is expected to increase due to sea-
level rise and economic development. In larger bays, estuaries, and coastal
waterways, storm surge barriers can be constructed to temporarily close off these
systems during storm surges to provide coastal flood protection.
The map shows above that the site is located around the moderate
susceptibility of storm surge since it is beside Estero de Vitas. Through this, the
design for potential storm surge will be highly considered in the project. Thus, the
design approach is to structurally strengthen buildings in flood hazard areas.
Where hazardous areas have advantages for development, the design approach
emphasizes adjustment of building and site-design practices to reduce risk.

 Floor Susceptibility Map

Figure 5.35 Flood Map

 The map shows above that the site has a Low Flood Susceptible. Since
the impacts of climate change increased natural hazards probability, more and
more vulnerable areas in the Philippines due to their fast growth But
nevertheless, the proposed project will highly be considered since the site is
located near Estero de Vitas and Manila Bay.

5.3 Case Study

5.3.1 Foreign Case Studies
 60 Richmond Street East, Toronto

Figure 5.36 Front view of Richmond Street Building

Designed by Stephen Teeple, who ranks among the city’s one of the
most innovative architects. The 60 Richmond Street East is an economical
residential building located in Toronto, Ontario mainly dedicated to the
employees of Toronto’s restaurant and hospitality industry. This 11-storey
85-unit mixed used building showcases an outstanding green design, it
features a 1) green roofs with water retention system connected to its
cistern tank. (See figure below)2) passive cooling / ventilation design ; 3)
irrigation system; 4) grow-wall; 5) garden (6 th floor) and 6) compost pit. Not
surprisingly, it has a LEED Gold rating.
 Figure 5.37 Concept Applied in Richmond Building

As part of its sustainable design, the kitchen garden is irrigated from

the roofs by the storm water. It also features a garden that cultivates their
vegetable, fruits and herbs that is located in the 6 th floor terrace, with its
kitchen and the resident-operated restaurant is located on the ground floor.

The waste generated by the kitchen is also used in the 6 th floor as its
organic fertilizer, making it a more well-sustained building. Aside from its
roof, it has green surfaces (grow-wall) that helps in natural ventilation for a
cozier environment. Its glass is fiberglass glazing frames that breaks
temperature in combination with Low-E glazing system. From its materials
to its architectural design the building is viewed as a living, growing form
that responds equally to the urban form of the city and the environmental
condition of the site.

 Alt-Erlaa Municipal Housing, Vienna

Figure 5.37 Aerial View of Alt-Erlaa

 Located in one of the most citizen-and-public housing friendly city in
the world, the city of Vienna in Austria. One of the outstanding examples in
the country is the Alt-Erlaa Municipal Housing, a social housing complex for
low-income residents built between 1973 and 1985. It has 3,172 family-
friendly apartments and 3,400 underground parking spaces for
approximate 10,000 occupants. Aside from residential units, it features
significant spaces for its users. It has 3 schools, 2 clinics, 2 daycare
centers, an athletic facility and a shopping area.

Figure 5.38 Sample plan of Alt-Erlaa

Its architectural design is based on the concept of “stacked single

home” following a terraced apartment. Up to its 12th floor planters, the
balcony serves as a privacy screen, as with every home has its own private
open space.

For fitness and wellness, each top of its 27-storey cascading blocks,
there is an outdoor swimming and indoor swimming pools available for the
residents. Also, for open-field sports enthusiasts, soccer and tennis courts
are available on the street level. As an additional amenity they have sauna
and a solarium.

In fact, the extent of Vienna’s subsidized housing project makes it

one of the most affordable cities in the world. All social housing across
 Austria is highly valued, mainly funded by income tax, corporate tax and a
housing-specific contribution made by the local and employed citizens.

o Via Verde, New York

Figure 5.39 Perspective of Via Verde Housing

The Via Verde is an affordable and sustainable residential

development located in Bronx, New York. It was designed by Dattner
Architects and Grimshaw, with a total of 222 apartments which is divided in
three (3) distinct types: 1) a 20-storey tower; 2) a 6 to 13-storey mid-rise
duplex apartment component; and 3) the 2 to 4-storey townhouse at the
south of the building. It is the winning entry for the International New
Housing New York legacy Competition. It considers public commitment for
social housing projects promoting a healthy and sustainable living. Its main
recipients are low-to-moderate income households.

Its ground floor was designed with retail sections, live-work units,
fitness center and community health center which promotes workability and
wellness at the same time. The stepped building design presents its
surfaces on the south for its photovoltaic panels, which will help the
structure to generate enough power in supplying electricity to its common
areas and for outside lighting. For daylighting and natural ventilation, its
 222 units have operable windows. “…We were also interested in social
sustainability” says Stein, who notes that the development’s 40,000 square
feet of open space includes vegetable gardens, the courtyard’s playground
and amphitheater, and other community gathering places.

Its photovoltaic/solar power system, onsite cogeneration (combined

heat and power engine), vegetable gardens, green roof, and rainwater
harvesting made the complex achieved LEED NC Gold certification.

o Herold Social Housing, Paris

Figure 5.40 Perspective of Herold Social Housing

The city of Paris decided to undertake and create a social housing

development from the remaining open area of old hospital “Herold”. The
Herold Social Housing in Paris is an accessible residential and commercial
compound in Paris. It has inclusive shopping and commercial areas in the
ground floor while having 100 residential units at separate buildings. It
involves in the construction of 1) 100 social housing units main dedicated
for low-income household, in lined with 10 additional units for PWD
residents or any severe disability; 2) 100-bed nursing home for dependent
elderly individuals; 3) Nursery school (owned by the Municipality) and the
4) Center for Medical and Psychological care for mothers and children (run
by the Municipality). The environmental and social quality is enhanced by
the creation of a protected garden of 2,800 square meters within the area.
 When it comes to sustainability, it has considerations for 1)
bioclimatic principles by enhancing comfort with less usage of energy; 2)
The balconies have gardens for cozy environment; 3) the solar panels
produce 65% of the hot water (for the bathrooms); and lastly 4) a
rainwater harvesting system is used for watering promoting natural and
renewable energy.

The social housing project of Herold housing constitutes an

important contribution for the future of Paris' peripheral community and
areas. Also, the project serves as a notable example for adopting new
standards of environmental sustainability and lastly, not only in Europe but
rather for global presence is the sustainable social housing design for the
growing population.

5.3.2 Local Case Studies

 Disiplina Village 1 - BagongBahay, BagongBuhay: Complete in-city
housing package for disaster preparedness and resiliency

Figure 5.41 Aerial Perspective of Disiplina Village

Disiplina Village is the country’s biggest in-city relocation site. 47 This was
built to create the more disaster-resilient communities with families that are well
aware and prepared from impacts of natural calamities. With the vision of

47
https://www.dap.edu.ph/
benchmarking good quality housing units dedicated to building an empowered
community with disaster-prepared and responsible homeowners, the city
government of Valenzuela pushed for the construction of the biggest in-city
relocation program in the country.

With a total of 12.9 hectares, the Disiplina Villages in Ugong and Bignay
accommodate more than 4,500 informal settler families, clearing up Valenzuela
City from ISFs living in danger zones. The Disiplina Villages are also complete
communities – providing residents with access to schools, health centers, and
even a city hall annex.

Residents also have community vegetable farms for their consumption and
additional income. A unique component of their program is the Home Space
Agreement which the LGU of Valenzuela City uses to instill discipline to its
residents for long-lasting, more disaster-resilient communities with families that
are well aware and prepared from impacts of natural calamities.

Disiplina Village Ugong has its own Day Care Center, high school and
elementary school, and health facilities.

Disiplina Village Bignay, on the other hand, with its own city hall annex or
the Sentro ng Sama-SamangSerbisyo (3S Center) that has a health center, police
community precinct, fire substation, barangay hall, daycare center, elementary
school and high school. There is also an Activity center/covered court and mini
park where residents can spend their leisure time and children their play time. The
construction of the Disiplina Village Transport Terminal, Public Market and Chapel
is underway.
 Figure 5.42 Garden of Disiplina Village

This is the biggest in-city public rental housing project in the country. With a
PhP300 rental fee a month, it is considered as the lowest rental rate in the
country, much lower compared to other public housing projects at about PhP 700
to PhP 3,000 or to a private apartment unit of the same floor area at about PhP
3,000 to PhP 4,000 a month.48

In relation to the project proposal, the New Vitas Katuparan Housing will
adapt the primary amenities of Disiplina Village.

It can also have Technological and Livelihood Education Center wherein

the low-income residence can have opportunities for activities and livelihood
development through the implementation of the Sustainable Livelihood Program.
In partnership with Philippine Department of Social Welfare and Development the
sustainable livelihoods will be toward economic stability and reduce poverty and
inequality by generating employment among poor households.

As part of the proposal, the vegetable farm mentioned above will also be
adapted but in a better way. Since Manila City has no longer enough land for
agriculture, the researcher came up with the idea to adapt vertical faming in the
proposal.

48
Development Academy of the Philippines
 Figure 5.43 Comparison Analysis of Traditional vs. Vertical Farming
Source: Google Images

Traditional Vertical Farming

Farming
Need a lot of 90% less water usage
water
Needed too You can plant 4x the number of crops in the
much land same space as traditional farming
Slow harvest Crops can grow twice as fast in hydroponics
time due to getting exactly the correct amount of
nutrients, water, and oxygen
Pesticides No pesticide needed
are essential

Table 5.11 Comparison Analysis of Traditional vs. Vertical Farming

Source: www.hydroponicmicrofarm.com

 Socialized Housing Project (In-City Relocation), Navotaas Homes,

Tanza
 Figure 5.44 Navotaas Home
Source: http://metronewscentral.net/

The National Housing Authority, Department of Public Works and

Highways, and Department of Budget and Management to be able to
come up with in-city socialized housing projects. Low-rise buildings were
constructed on lots owned by the NHA and construction costs were
shared both by the national and local government. ISFs, fire and disaster
victims, and marginalized constituent beneficiaries were only required to
pay affordable amortization for the said housing units.

Navotaas Homes, the Tanza housing project, was also the response
of the mayor to Sangguniang Panlungsod Resolution no. 2011-75, dated
August 22, 2011, which was enacted purposely to allow the city
government of Navotas to adopt measures to protect its inhabitants from
the harmful effects of man-made and natural disasters. The project
reclaimed and developed an area of 8.4 hectares in Barangay Tanza and
allocated the same solely for the purpose of socialized housing. The
general objective of the project is to convert the area, a privately owned
fishpond with earth dikes, into a socialized housing settlement for some of
the ISFs, indigent, and homeless families of the city through containment
and reclamation. The housing project will have all the basic utilities and
other components to support human habitation.
 San Juan City Housing Project

Figure 5.45 San Juan City Housing

Source: : https://pia.gov.ph/

The project, located along F. Manalo Street in Barangay

Kabayanan, is composed of two five-story buildings with a total of 118
units, a multi-purpose hall, and own sewage treatment plant.

Beneficiaries were pre-selected from among the legitimate residents

of flood-prone Barangay Salapan.

The price for each unit depends on floor location. Units at the
ground floor costs P500, 000 each while those at the fifth-floor costs P400,
000 each.

For example, beneficiaries who availed units at the third floor can
choose to either avail straight payment of P2, 280 for 30 years or choose a
staggered payment (P800 for the first five years, then 1,400 from 6 to 10
years, P2, 200 from 11 to 15 years, P3, 200 from 16 to 20, P4,400 from 21
to 25 years and P5,500 from 26 to 30 years).
 In relation to the project, the proposal will have a range of 500,000-
800,000 for each unit and the payment method for the of this can be
staggered payment for the first 5-10 years, 10-15 years, 15-20 years and
then divide the remaining balance for the last 10 years.

In contrast, the proposal will mainly build by prefabrication materials

to save construction and reduce labor cost. In addition to this, the
environmental impact of the construction will reduce and at the same time
will help the environment. On the other hand, the transportation of
materials from factory and the site should also be handled.

5.3.3. Synthesis

The focus of the proposal is for the residence to have a sustainable

better way of living but in reasonable prices or affordable.
The use of passive cooling will highly adapt to the proposed project.
It will also include other components such as tricycle terminal, commercial
areas, and garden. For the design of the building, the proposed project will
have a new face for social housing in contrast to the studies mention
above.

5.4 Other Technical Requirements and Applicable Technologies

 5.4.1 Building Mechanical Requirements
5.4.1.1 Automatic Fire Sprinkler System

Figure 5.46 Fire Sprinkler Sample Diagram

Source: Majestic Fire Protection

The wet pipe sprinkler system is, in general, the most cost-
effective, the most versatile as far as protection strategies and
49
pipe installation are concerned, and the easiest to maintain.

 Its cost effectiveness is based on its having fewer

components, requiring less maintenance and testing and having
fewer design restrictions than any of the other three types of
systems.  Wet pipe systems are installed where temperatures will
not fall below 40°F (4°C) and where one of the design objectives is
50
to put water on a relatively small fire as quickly as possible.

49
Futrell Fire. Automatic Fire Sprinkler System https://ffcdi.com/automatic-fire-sprinkler-systems/
50
Automatic Fire Sprinkler System https://ffcdi.com/automatic-fire-sprinkler-systems/
 In a wet pipe system, components are arranged in such a
manner that, as soon as the heat from a fire operates the heat
responsive element of an automatic sprinkler, the water is
discharged through the sprinkler to the fire.  It is possible to design
these systems for fire control – controlling a fire to the room or area
of origin until the fire department arrives and extinguishes the fire;
fire suppression – actually suppressing the fire; or life safety
protection – as in residential occupancies.  The wet pipe system can
also include additives such as antifreeze or foam concentrate.

5.4.1.2 Overhead Elevator

Figure 5.46 Tranction Elevator

Source: https://www.slideshare.net/

This elevator has ropes that pass over a wheel attached to an

electric motor located above the shaft. The main function of the ropes
is to raise and lower the elevator car. It can be used for both mid and
high-rise applications and can travel much faster than hydraulic
elevators.
 Like other elevator types, this system uses a counterweight,
which eliminates the weight of the occupants and the car so that the
motor has an easier job moving the elevator load

5.4.2 Applicable Technology

5.4.3 Green Building Code of the Philippines

Green building is the practice of adopting measures that promote

resource management efficiency and site sustainability while minimizing the
negative impact of buildings on human health and the environment. This
practice complements the conventional building design concerns of economy,
durability, serviceability and comfort.51

Figure 5.46 Tranction Elevator

Source: https://www.slideshare.net/

51
The Philippine Green Building Code of the Philippines
5.4.3.1 Energy Efficiency

 Air Tightness and Moisture Protection

Figure 5.46 Air Tightness and Moisture Protection

Source: https://www.ecohome.net/

Requirements
Buildings shall be planned and designed with:
 Complete gaskets, weather-stripping, door bottom sweeps and
seals within and around window and door assemblies
 Moisture protection on the surface of the external façade to reduce
vapor or moisture migration from external spaces
 Glass Properties (Low Emisivity Glass)
General Compared to wall assemblies, glazing transfers more
heat and hence, it is ideal to reduce the amount of glazing with respect
to the wall in order to reduce internal heat gains.
 Figure 5.46 Air Tightness and Moisture Protection

Source: https://www.glassmanufacturerchina.com/

 Natural Ventilation (Passive Cooling)

Requirements
 Operable windows or balcony door shall be provided in regularly
occupied spaces. The size of the opening shall be equal to at least ten
percent (10%) of the floor area of regularly occupied spaces.
 All operable windows shall be provided with safety features for
protection against strong winds, water penetration and protection for
building occupants including child safety and security.

Figure 5.46 Air Tightness and Moisture Protection

 Source: https://www.glassmanufacturerchina.com/

PHOTOVOLTAIC
PANELS
NATURAL VENTILATION

WATER FILTRATION
SYSTEM WITH PUMP

Figure 5.46 Natural Ventilation Diagram

Source: https://www.archdaily.com/

Since the project proposal is located on a busy road, the

researcher must adapt the passice cooling technique.
Applying passive cooling means reducing differenecs between
outdoor and indoor temperatures, improving indoor air quality and
making the building both a better and more comfortable environment to
 live or work in. It can also reduce levels of energy use and
environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emissions.

 Overhead or Elevated Water Storage

To reduce dependence on motorized systems to supply and distribute
potable or non-potable water within the building, thus help reduce energy
consumption, overhead or elevated water storage systems are used,
provided there’s a twenty percent (20%) fire reserve over and above the
average daily demand supply. The system relies mostly on elevation and
gravity to distribute water within the building.

Figure 5.46 Natural Ventilation Diagram

Source: https://phoenixtank.com/
 Water Tank Computation

For a typical family (5 members), Total water requirement is 135 litres

x 5 = 735 litres per day.52 We all know Volume of water formula as 1 m3 =
1000 litres of water. In order to get the size of the water tank, you need to
mention at least one dimension (Length, Width or Depth of the water tank).

Water Tank Size & Capacity Calculation

For a typical family (5 members),

Total water requirement is 135 litres x 5 = 785 litres per day.

1 m3 = 1000 litres

1 litre = 0.001 m3
Our requirement is 785 litres,

Therefore, 785 litres = 0.785 m3

Assuming our water tank depth as 2m

264 units per building x 785 liters

3
207.24 m
Area of the tank= ¿ 103 .62m2 LXB=10 3.62 m2
2m

Take length as 2 times of B, (L=2B)

2 103.62 2
2 B x B=103.62m2 B = B =51.81
2

B= √51.81 B=7.2 m

52
Tutorial Tips (2018) Water Demand and Water Tank Sizes (Web Article) Retrieved at: https://tutorialstipscivil.com/
 Therefore:

L=2 BL=2 x 4.2 mL=8 m

Since the result of the water tank computation is higher than

expected, the researcher design a two water tanks for each medium rise
building with a total number of 262 housing units. Each tanks will have a
dimension of 4 cubic meter. The number of water tanks for the proposal
is 14 tanks. This will highly help the residence of Vitas Katuparan Village
in times of water shortage.

5.4.3.2 WATER EFFICIENCY

Water efficiency requires the adoption of efficient practices, plan,

design, materials, fixtures, equipment and methods that reduce water
consumption resulting in cost savings.

 Rainwater Harvesting

General Rainwater is one of the purest sources of water available.

53
Rainwater from roofs and hardscape must be collected and reused for non-
potable purposes. Collected water shall be used for non-potable purposes
such as toilet flushing, irrigation and cooling towers.

Since one of the topics in review of related literature in Chapter 2 is the

shortage of potable water all over the country, the reseacher come up with
the idea of having a rainwater harvesting for the proposal. The aim of this
concept is for the residence to be efficient when it comes to their resources.

53
Green Building Code of the Philippines
5.5 Governing and Relevant Laws
5.5.1 International Guidelines
 Housing and Health Guidelines (WHO)

Well-designed housing strategies can both reduce energy use as

well as create healthier environments for occupants. For instance, the
transmission of airborne, waterborne and certain vector-borne diseases
can be reduced through sustainable urban and housing designs that
increase natural ventilation, limit vector and pest infestations, and improve
access to safe drinking water and sanitation. Energy efficient housing
design can help reduce noncommunicable diseases associated with
exposures to extreme heat and cold, indoor air pollution, as well asthmas
and allergies associated with chronic damp and mould.
The most attractive measures for healthy, sustainable housing
involve:
 insulation and thermal envelope;
 heating and cooling systems;
 improved ventilation;
 solar energy (passive and photovoltaic);
 efficient cooking and lighting technologies;
 safer building materials;
 “compact” urban planning of neighborhoods with easy access to
schools, commerce, transport – and green spaces;
 healthy home behaviors.

While specific improvements are identifiable, multifaceted

interventions can collectively yield significant, sustainable health
gains. Strategies need to be integrated into all stages of housing
design and implementation, from urban planning of neighborhoods
to construction, and retrofit or renovation of existing homes.

5.5.2 Local Laws/Codes/Ordinances

 5.5.2 Local Laws/Codes/Ordinances
 BP 344 Accessibility Law
1. Accessible Ramps
1.2 Accessible Ramps shall have the following features:
1.2.1 Clear width of 1.20m. (Minimum)
1.2.2 Gradient not steeper than 1:12.

2. Slip Resistant Materials

2.1 Materials resistant to slip must have a coefficient of friction of 0.6 for
level surfaces and 0.8 for sloping surfaces.

3. Parking
3.1 Accessible Parking Slot Requirement

The proposed project has a 1, 354 total number of units. For multi-
family dwellings and condominiums, the parking requirement shall be one (1)
parking slot per eight (8) living units. The size of an average automobile (car)
parking slot must be computed at 2.5 meters by 5.0 meters for perpendicular
or diagonal parking and at 2.15 meters by 6.0 meters for parallel parking.

1,354 units
total ¿ of parking slots=
8
total ¿ of parking slot =169.25

Accessible Parking Slot Requirement

Total # of Parking Required number of Total # of Required number of
Slot Accessible Parking Parking Accessible Parking
slots Slot slots
1-25 1 201-300 7
26-50 2 301 - 400 8
51-75 3 401 - 500 9
76-100 4 501 - 2%
1000
 101-150 5 1000 + 20+ (1 for each 100 or
151-200 6
a fraction thereof over
1000)

167 parking slots=6 pwd parking slots of more

3.2 Parking spaces for disabled people should provide enough space for a
person to transfer from a vehicle to a wheelchair.
3.3 Accessible parking spaces are located nearest to the main entrances.

 PD 1096 National Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP)

I. Section 401. Types of Construction

Type V - Type V buildings shall be fire-resistive. The structural elements
shall be of steel, iron, concrete, or masonry construction. Walls, ceilings and
permanent partitions shall be combustible fire-resistive construction.

II. Section 701. Occupancy Classified

Group C - Education and Recreation
Group C occupancies shall be buildings used for school or day-care
purposes, involving assemblage for instruction, education, or recreation, and
not classified in Group 1 or in Division 1 and 2 or Group H Occupancies.

Group H - Assembly Other Than Group I

Division 2 - Any assembly building without a stage and having an occupant
load of 300 or more in the building

Group I - Assembly Occupant Load 1000 or More

Group I Occupancies shall be any assembly building with a stage and an
occupant load of 1000 or more in the building.

III. Section 704. Location of Property

General
 No building shall be constructed unless it adjoins or has direct access to
a public space, yard or street on at least one of its sides.

Fire Resistance of Walls

Exterior walls shall have fire resistance and opening protection in
accordance with the requirements set forth by the Secretary.
‘
IV. Section 1207. Stairs, Exits, and Occupant Loads - Exit

4 Exits More than 1000 persons

Arrangement of Exits Not less than 1/5 of perimeter of area served
Distance of Exits 45 mts. = Max distance of Exit (w/o Sprinkler)
60 mts. =Max Distance of Exit (w/
Sprinkler)

 PD 1185 Fire Code of the Philippines

I. Chapter 2. Fire Safety in Buildings, Structures and Facilities

Division 2. General Requirements
A. Each new/old building or structure designed for human occupancy shall
have sufficient exits to allow occupants to escape quickly and safely in the
event of a fire or other emergency.

B. Each building or structure shall be designed, constructed, equipped,

maintained and operated in order to prevent danger to life and to ensure the
safety of its occupants against fire, smoke, steam and fumes during the period
of escape from the building or structure.

C. Each building or structure shall have type, number, location and capacity
for exits.

D. Each exit of buildings or structures shall be arranged and maintained at

all times in order to provide free and unhindered evacuation from all parts.
 E. Each exit shall be clearly visible.

F. All means of evacuation must be adequately and reliably illuminated.

G. In each building or structure of such size, arrangement or occupancy,
fire alarm systems or devices shall be provided to provide adequate warning to
occupants.

Division 5. Means of Egress

General Provision - Protective Enclosure on Exits

When the exit connects three (3) floors or less, the separation shall have at
least one (1) hour of fire resistance, regardless of whether the connected floors
are above or below the floor at which the exit discharge begins.

 BP 220
o Community Facilities
Mandatory provision of area for neighborhood multi-purpose center both
for economic and socialized housing projects with a gross area of 1
hectare and above. These areas are non-saleable. However, the
developer may provide for areas for community facilities such as
schools and convenience/retail centers in excess of the requirement set
forth in this Rule which shall be deemed saleable. The use of the said
area shall be indicated in the plan and annotated in the title thereto.
b.3.2 Road Right-Of-Way The corresponding right-of-way for
 hierarchy of roads shall be as follows:

o Road Right-Of-Way The corresponding right-of-way for hierarchy of

roads shall be as follows:

o Planting Strips
Planting strips as required under PD 953 and its Implementing Rules
and Regulations shall be observed in accordance with the following
road specifications:
o Lot Requirement

o Lot Frontages
a. Lot Planning

A lot shall be served by an independent access either by a road,

motor court, or path walk. Path walk shall have a maximum length of 60
meters intended only as pedestrian access to property for socialized
housing projects.

o Length of a block

o Parking Requirements. (Amended per Board Res. No. 824, Series

of 2008)

For multi-family dwellings and condominiums, the parking requirement

shall be one (1) parking slot per eight (8) living units. The size of an
average automobile (car) parking slot must be computed at 2.5 meters
by 5.0 meters for perpendicular or diagonal parking and at 2.15 meters
by 6.0 meters for parallel parking.
o Building Design Standards
1. Living Units

In general, all building design standards for the single-family

dwelling shall apply to all living units of multi-family dwellings, except
that, the minimum floor area of a living unit in multi-family dwellings
shall be 22 square meters for economic housing and 18 square
meters for socialized housing. For BP 220 condominium projects,
the minimum floor area shall be 18 square meters.

o Elevator Requirements

Provision of elevators shall be required for buildings 6 storeys and

beyond. The same shall conform with the plans and specifications of
the duly licensed design architect/engineer who shall determine the
requirement for elevators including the number of cars, capacity, safety
features and standards, elevator type, speed and location in relation to
the overall design and use of the building.

The design architect/engineer shall certify under oath that all

components thereof are in accordance with the National Building Code
 of the Philippines, Accessibility Law, National Industry Standards and
other pertinent laws.

5.6 Building Design Studies and Space Identification

To come up in a more precise area of each provided facility and its

use, the standard space requirement and number of staff and personnel
needed in the development should be considered and organized for a deep
understanding of each facility.

CHAPTER 6
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Summary of Findings

6.1.1 Summary of Research methodology

6.1.1.1 Interview

After the interviews conducted, the researcher now has a better

understanding of the proposal. The study suggested that the social and
cultural factors of people must be highly considered in order to give a better
way of living to the residence. The problems regarding the monthly rent
payment have solutions to have a strict implementing rule in regards to
discipline. As a conclusion, the case study about the Disiplina Village in
Chapter 5 will be one of the best to adapt to the project.

6.1.1.2 Survey

The survey was conducted in Vitas Katuparan Village. With the total
number of 30 respondents, the researcher gathered information in the
following questions.
  How long do you live here?

From the gathered answers, the highest percentage got 28% of the total
respondents which means that most of the residence is living in the village since
the 1990’s. Others have 16-20 years which means most of them to manage to pay
the monthly rent because they live in Vitas for several years
 What is your civil status?

The figure above shows that 33.3% of the respondent were married
followed by “Living Together” with 28.9%. Then the “single” has 26.7%
followed by “separated” with 11.1%. According to the requirements for
acquiring housing units, only those who are married are allowed to avail.
Meaning the other answer is the one who lives with their parents together
with their spouse.
  What is your household monthly income?

According to the survey, the majority of the income per household is

5,000 pesos to 10,000 pesos. However, there is a slight confusion here
because most of the respondents answered as an individual only when it
comes to income. They think the question pertains only for 1 person so the
researcher assumed that the gross monthly income of 1 household is
20,000 pesos up as a basis and comparison with the Philippines Statistics
Authority was at an estimated Php22,000.

Because of this, the basis will be around 22,000 pesos gross

monthly income for Vitas Katuparan Village. As per BP 220, the economic
and socialized housing refers to housing units that are within the
affordability level of the average and low-income earners which is thirty
percent (30%) of the gross family income as determined by the National
Economic and Development Authority from time to time. 54 Therefore, the
rental rate would be 3,000 pesos to 6,000 pesos depends on the unit size
and which floor the unit is located.

 Do you agree with the demolition of Vitas Katuparan Village?

54
BP 220, Section 9
 The majority answered “disagree” for the reason that the
respondent is worried because they might lose their job since most
of them are working in the Pier and some of them are working
around the vicinity. On the other hand, some answered “Agree”
because they want to have a better house and want a
redevelopment only for the site.

 Do you agree to the New Construction of Vitas provided a temporary

relocation site will be handled by the local government and NHA itself?

The respondent who answered “disagree” was 43% while the

other was 57%. As the researcher roams around different buildings,
the number one consideration comes first must be safety. Since the
current condition is not safe anymore, many of them answered
agree as long as the government will handle all the relocation sites
and the transportation from Vitas to temporary shelters.
6.1.2 Summary of Project Impact to Immediate Vicinity
6.1.2.1 City/Municipality

The proposed project will help the continuous growth of the

economy and help the city to solve different problems such as
poverty, education and infrastructure, new developments and of
course the problems in the housing sector. If the project is
constructed, hundreds of labors are needed in order to build the
proposed project as soon as possible. It will improve the current
state by lessening the housing backlog in Manila.

6.1.2.2 Community

The community will be the main beneficiaries of this project.

This public housing that is intended for low-income families will
benefit communities to have decent housing in contrast to the
existing state of the Vitas Katuparan Village. Furthermore, other
families who do not own a house will be also accommodated.

6.1.2.3 Environment

The proposed project will benefit the environment through the

revitalization of the existing condemned, filthy, destructive
environment of Vitas. Furthermore, the environment should be part
of the important consideration in the phase of planning and
designing the project. The environment should stand out its natural
beauty and harmonize with the development of the project.

6.1.2.4 Summary of Space Requirements per Building

 The summary of space requirements for the buildings in the
complex of NEW VITAS: A proposed low-cost Eco-Housing
Complex for Vitas Katuparan Village in Tondo development. The
spaces are based on data gathered from interviews, case studies,
and organization structure in Manila, BP 220, and other guidelines
presented in the research.

Site Components Spaces

Living Area
Dining Area
Residential Area Sleeping Area
Kitchen
Toilet & Bath
Toilet
Multi-Purpose Hall Front Desk
Storage
Activity Hall
Classroom
Day Care
Toilet
Office
Office
Pantry
Police Community Precinct
Holding Cell
Toilet
Counter
Pharmacy
Shelves Area
Goods Area
Freezer
Convenience Store Backroom
Office
Counter
Receiving Area
Washing Area
Laundry Shop
Folding Area
Shelves Area
Server Area
Computer Shop
PC Rental Area
Store
Kitchen Area
Bakeshop
Toilet
Storage
Working Area
Barber Shop
Waiting Area
 Rental Spaces  
Segregation Area
MRF
Storing Area
Sewerage Treatment Plant  
Vertical Farm Planting Area
Toilet
Basketball Court
Court

6.2 Conclusion
All major and minor problems that are listed in Chapter 1 will be clarified
in this chapter. The conclusion, findings, and recommendations are based on
previous chapters such as Review of Related Literature, Theoretical
Framework, Research Methodology, and Data Presentation.

6.2.1 Major Problem

According to DPWH, the village is unsafe, susceptible to disasters and

declared Vitas Katuparan Village as condemned and issued a demolition
order by this the following problem emerges:

(1) What will be the plan of Manila City Government in the existing
condition of the village that is now condemned?
(2) How will the project provide a new sanctuary for the existing
residence?

In line with the announcement of President Rodrigo Roa Duterte in

Malacañang Palace last July 17 2018. He stated that “During my time, there
will be no demolition 'pag walang relocation. Hindi ako papayag," (During my
time, there will be no demolition if there is no relocation. I won't allow it.) The
houses of informal settlers would not be demolished until a relocation site is
provided for them.

Upon the researcher's study there is already an existing project of

Local Government of Manila City and in partnership with the National
Housing Authority regarding the Vitas Katuparan Village. The relocation for
 them will be handled by LGU and NHA in accordance with the
Implementing Rules and Regulations to Ensure the Observance of Proper
and Humane Relocation and Resettlement Procedures Mandated by The
Urban Development and Housing Act Of 1992.

6.2.2 Minor Problem

The minor problems are based on the researcher initial study of the
project. The following are the minor problems that need to be addressed
when proposing this type of project which will be discussed in this chapter.

 What architectural innovations should be incorporated into the

project?

By definition, Architectural innovation refers to the innovation

of an architecture of any product that changes or modifies the way
various components of the systems link or relate to each other. 

Upon the researcher's study, the architectural innovation to

be included in the project is the concept of “Cost Efficient”/”Low-
cost” but “Resilient. In the case of Vitas Katuparan Village moderate
susceptible in Ground Shaking, Liquefaction and Tsunami. As a
result, the project must adapt an innovative solution to have a better
and safe housing for the families.

 What will be the suitable building materials in creating a Low-Cost

housing project?

In accordance to BP 220, “The use of indigenous materials

for site development and construction of dwellings shall be
 encouraged, as long as these are in conformity with the
requirements of these Rules and ensures a building life span of at
55
least 25 years, or in correspondence to loan terms payment.”

Since there is a system for accrediting innovative technologies for

housing which is “AITECH” that stands for Accreditation of Innovative
Technologies for Housing. Most construction materials that the project
will be using are accredited by Aitech because it is proven and tested
for being safe, cost-saving, light, durable and it reduces the labor cost.

 What type of construction method will be using to have an

affordable housing?

Since the project is a New Construction of Vitas Katuparan Village.

The researcher considered the existing occupants will be affected and
that concludes that the method of construction must be fast and
durable. Upon researching, the fastest way of construction should be
“Off-Site Construction”. Moving the building process away from the
physical site and into a controlled factory environment has
multiple advantages. Efficiency and predictability, safe,
sustainable, less labor, less training and no disruption to the
clients. 56

 What will be the structural concept that will be using in the project
since it is located near natural bodies of water?

According to different analysis and on site visit of the researcher, the

structural concept must be resilient since the location of the site are
nearby Estero de Vitas and Manila Bay. The tsunami and ground
shaking is at high susceptible.

55
BP 220 Construction Materials
56
Benefits of Off-Site Construction (https://www.offsitehub.co.uk/)
6.3 Recommendation

6.3.1 Major Problem

A NEW VITAS: A low-cost Eco-Housing Complex for Katuparan

Village will be the sanctuary of the residence. In accordance with BP 220,
Green Socialized Housing, Green Building Code of the Philippines, BP 344
and other guidelines that served as a basis in creating a New Vitas
Complex and making the existing residence as primary beneficiaries. It will
provide a safe, ecological, smart and low-cost eco-housing complex
wherein all the needs of the user are present in the proposal.

Thus, the current issues regarding the existing condition of Vitas

Katuparan Village, it will have an on-site relocation in accordance to the
National Policy of the Government

CHAPTER 7
ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING
7.1 Design Framework

After all the study that has been researched, the researcher
may now formulate a design framework that will serve as a basic
principle regarding the proposed project.

7.1.1 Design Philosophy

Designing a structure that will support the gift of nature.
- Geraldine Bermundo

7.1.2 Design Concept

7.1.2.1 Architectural Design Concept

“ENVISIONING THE FUTURE AND LEARNING FROM THE PAST”

The art of life is a constant readjustment to our surroundings. --

Kakuzo Okakaura
This design aims to have a man made eco system where
people can live with further improvements that can enhance the
sustenance capacity of population in a given space and enable the
expansion of human habitat.

7.1.2.2 Functional

Shells are classified in many ways according to their color, shape,

texture, weight, and nature. The nature of the shell is to give shelter for
a snail and at the same time a self-protection from predators. In line
with the project proposal, the shell will serve as a functional concept
that provides New Vitas Katuparan Village a safe and livable shelter.

7.1.2.3 Urban Concept

Garden City

The garden city movement is a method of urban planning in which

self-contained communities are surrounded by "greenbelts", containing
proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture as
illustrated in the figure above. The idea is initiated by Sir Ebenezer
Howard, this urban concept aims to emphasize a holistically
planned new settlement which enhances the natural environment,
tackles climate change and provides high-quality housing and
locally accessible jobs in beautiful, healthy and sociable
communities.

Garden City Movement will have a great role in the project proposal.
The project will be surrounded by many greenbelts that will make the
occupants and users of the building of the project feel the presence of
nature that may help for the fast recovery of the patients. The pattern
of the Garden City Movement will also adapt in the site development
 plan that will make the circulation and location of the building
organized base on the purpose and function.

7.1.3 Design Objective

1. To design a low-cost housing complex that will fully take advantage

of passive cooling in the area by making large openings and
atriums.
2. To design a low-cost housing complex that will give a new face for
public housing by incorporating a holistic design approach to the
proposal.
3. To design a low-cost housing complex that will ensure the safety
and security of the tenants by means of applying a strategic
planning and zone each spaces by category.

7.1.4 Design Consideration

A. Eco friendly - Sustainable design is the intention to reduce or
completely eliminate negative environmental impacts through
thoughtful designs.
B. Natural Lighting - is a technique that efficiently brings natural
light into your home using exterior glazing (windows, skylights,
etc.), thereby reducing artificial lighting requirements and saving
energy.
C. Pedestrian Walkability - Safety and efficient wayfinding can
be attributed to how friendly or hostile an environment is to an
individual. I
D. Economical – meaning desingning a structure that will afford
by the user
7.1.5 Design Principle

 Balance is the way of combining and distributing elements

evenly to add a feeling of stability and to create harmony within
the design composition as shown in Figure 5.1. Its concept of
visual equilibrium relates to our physical sense of balance which
creates and results in visual stability.

Representation of Symmetrical Balance

A balanced configuration of structures creates a feeling of

stability and solidity. Symmetrical balance is incorporated to the
design elements to create a focal point in each structure,
attracting and drawing the human eye in no one area too much
that other areas can’t be seen.

 Harmony is the way of combining similar elements to create and

accent the similarities of the elements. When all elements in
agreement, unified design is created and visual unity is achieved
as shown in Figure 5.2.

Representation of Harmony
 Good harmony between the structures and environment must
be established to avoid a chaotic or lifeless design. Through the
use of repetitions and subtle gradual changes within the design,
elements of the proposed Department of Overseas Filipino
Workers will be unified to each other. No individual part of the
design is viewed as more important but all designs are essential
as a whole.

7.2 Architectural Design Development

7.2.1 Site Planning and Programming

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE CLASSIFICATION (R-5 RESIDENTIAL)

Category NBCP Computations

Total Lot Area (TLA) 24900 sqm or 2.49 hectares
Percentage of Site
70%
Occupancy (PSO) = TLA x 70%

Allowable Maximum Building Footprint

70% x 32500 = 22750 sqm
(AMBF) = TLA x 70%

Minimum Total Open Space

30% x 32500 = 9750 sqm
(TOSL) = 30% X TLA

Maximum Allowable
Impervious Area 20% x 32500 = 6500 sqm
(ISA) = 20% X TLA

Minimum Allowable
10% x 32500 = 3250 sqm
Unpaved Surface Area
(USA) = 10% x TLA

Maximum Allowable
4980 + 17430 = 29250 sqm
Construction Area
(MACA) = AMBF + ISA
Remarks: Reference Table of Maximum Allowable PSO, Maximum Allowable ISA,
the MACA, the Minimum USA and the TOSL by Type of Land Use Zoning per Lot
Building at Table VIII.1. (NBCP)
7.2.2 Open Space Percentage
 Total Open Space Percentage

Engineering Infrastructure Works

Components Area Allocation

326 sqm – NHA Property 1024 sqm –

LGU Property 1350 sqm – total area of
7.2.3 Access Road 10m RROW Site
Matrix
Diagram Parks
Vertical Garden
Open Space 1,020
Roof Deck Garden
Balcony Garden
1:8 (1 Parking:8 Units) 300 slots = 3,750
Parking sqm
Total = 7470 sqm open space
Remarks: one (1) parking slot per eight (8) living units. The size of an
average automobile (car) parking slot must be computed at 2.5 meters
by 5.0 meters for perpendicular or diagonal parking and at 2.15 meters
by 6.0 meters for parallel parking.

Figure 7.2.1.3 Site Matrix Diagram

7.2.4 Site Components

Site Components Spaces

Living Area
Dining Area
Sleeping Area
Residential Area
Kitchen

Toilet & Bath

Toilet

Multi-Purpose Hall Front Desk

Storage
Activity Hall
Classroom
Day Care
Toilet
Office

Office

Police Community Precinct Pantry

Holding Cell
Toilet
Counter
Pharmacy
Shelves Area

Goods Area

Freezer
Convenience Store
Backroom
Office
Counter

Receiving Area

Washing Area
Laundry Shop
Folding Area

Shelves Area

Server Area
Computer Shop
PC Rental Area

Store

Bakeshop Kitchen Area

Toilet
 Storage

Working Area
Barber Shop
Waiting Area

Rental Spaces  

Segregation Area
MRF
Storing Area

Sewerage Treatment Plant  

Vertical Farm Planting Area

Toilet
Basketball Court
Court

7.2.4 Interrelationship Diagram

Figure 7.2.1.4 Site Bubble Diagram

7.2.5 Building Space Programming

 Building Space Programming
LOW RISE BUILDING
Total Area
Total Area (A*B)
Building Spaces No. of Units Allocated (sqm)
sqm
B
Lobby 1 20 20
Studio 40 22 880
1 Bedroom 10 28 280
2 Bedroom 10 36 360
Laundry Area 1 100 100
Stairs Building
4 Space Programming
15 60
Total MULTI
  PURPOSE AREA
  1700
5 Storey Rise Building x5
Total Area
Sub Total Buildings Total8500
Area (A*B)
Building Spaces A No. of Units Allocated (sqm)
sqm
B
Remarks:
HallThe number of buildings
1 is subjected100
to reach the needs of100
current
Basketball Court Vitas Katuparan
1 Village population
400 400
Building Space Programming
Comfort Room 2 10 20
MEDIUM RISE BUILDING
Sub Total 520
Total Area
Building Space Programming Total Area (A*B)
Building Spaces A No. of Units Allocated (sqm)
DAY CARE B sqm
Total Area
Lobby 1 20 Total 20
Area (A*B)
Building Spaces A No. of Units Allocated (sqm)
Studio 80 22B sqm
1760
1 Bedroom 20 28 560
Class Room 1 50 50
2 Bedroom 20 36 720
Office 1 20 20
Laundry Area 1 100 100
Comfort Room 1 3 3
Stairs 14 15 210
Sub Total 73
Total  
Building  
Space Programming 3370
Sub Total 14 StoreyMRF
Rise Building 16,850
Total Area
Remarks:Spaces
The number of buildings Total Area (A*B)
Building A No. of Unitsis subjected to reach
Allocated (sqm)the needs of current
Vitas Katuparan Village population sqm
B
Recycled Building
1 Space Programming
100 100
Non-Biodegradable COMMERCIAL
1 AREA 10 10
Sub Total Total Area 110(A*B)
Total Area
Building Spaces A No. of Units Allocated (sqm)
Building Space Programming sqm
B
Other Components
Rental Spaces 50 6 300
Total Area
Utility Room 2 5 Total 10
Area (A*B)
Building Spaces A No. of Units Allocated (sqm)
Public Toilet 2 10B sqm
20
Storage
Vertical Garden 21 30050 600
50
Tricycle Terminal Sub Total
1 50 930
50
Sub Total 100
Total Building Area 27,083 sqm
Engineering Infrastructure Works 100
Open Space 7470
Grand Total Area
Remarks: The total grand area exceeds the total lot area. Therefore, the type
of planning and construction will be vertical.
7.2.6 Matrix Diagram

7.2.2.2.Studio Matrix Diagram

7.2.2.2.1 Bedroom Matrix Diagram

7.2.2.2.2 Bedroom Matrix Diagram

7.2.2.2.3 Commercial Area Matrix Diagram

7.2.2.2.4 Commercial Area Matrix Diagram

7.2.2.2.5 Commercial Area Matrix Diagram

7.2.7 Interrelationship Diagram
 Low Rise Building
o Ground Floor Plan (Typical Floor Plan)

o Blow up diagram for Studio Room

o Blow up diagram for 1 Bedroom Unit

o Blow up diagram for 2 Bedroom Unit

 Medium Rise Building (A)
o Ground Floor

o Second Floor Plan

o Third Floor – Fourteenth Floor

o Roof Deck (A)

 Medium Rise Building (B)
o Ground Floor

o Third Floor – Fourteenth Floor

o Roof Deck
7.5 Project Cost Analysis
7.5.1.LineCost(17Line)

LINE 1: Building Cost Formula: Area x LINE 10: Site Development Improvements
Amount per sqm 27,083 sqm x 15,00 php = and Lump Cost Formula: Building Cost x
406,245,000 php 7% = 28,437,150 php

LINE 2: Site Cost Formula: Lot Area X LINE 11: Fixed Equipment Cost Formula:
Amount per sqm = 292,500,000 php Building Cost X 8% = 32,499,600 php

LINE 3: Equipment Cost Formula: Building LINE 12: Miscellaneous Formula: Building
Cost X 8% = 32,499,600 php Cost X 5% = 20,312,250 php

LINE 4: Premium Cost Formula: Building LINE 13: Contingencies Cost Formula:
Cost X 5% = 20,312,250 php Building Cost X 10% = 4,062,450 php

LINE 5: Contingency Cost Formula: Building LINE 14: Other Cost Formula: Summation
Cost x 10% = 40,624,500 php of Line 9-13 = 161,076,502.5

LINE 15: Project Cost Formula:

LINE 6: Construction Cost Formula:
Summation of Line 8-14 = 397,918,056.55
Summation of Line 1-5 = 751,556,850 php
php

LINE 7: Escalation Cost Formula: % per

LINE 16: Formula: Building Cost X 5% =
year x no. of years x line 5 0.05 x 3 years x
20,312,250 php
40,624,500 php = 6,093,675 php

LINE 8: Total Construction Cost Formula: LINE 17: Formula: Summation of Line 15-
Line 6 + Line 7 = 757,650,525 php 16 = 418,230,306.55 php

LINE 9: Fees Formula: 10% of Line 7 and 8

= 75,765,052.5 php
 
7.5.2 Affordability Analysis

Affordability analysis is the assessment of financial resources of

different income groups to be used for housing, and it enables the
identification of the types of housing options and financing schemes which
are feasible for these income groups.

To be discussed in this chapter are the following:

 Affordable Housing Loan

 Affordable Housing Options

Affordable Housing Loan means the amount that can be loaned to a

household from any financing institution to pay for land, housing and its
related services. The affordable housing loan is based on the household’s
capacity to pay. Many assumptions were agreed upon by the planners which
were used as basis for making the estimates.

 The households needing new units due to backlog and future need are
categorized into 6 income classes. The first income class is devoted to
households belonging to below the poverty threshold.

 Composition of various income groups:

o 1st Income group – vendors, pedicab drivers, tricycle drivers,
jeepney drivers, barker, labandera, sari-sari store owner, scavenger,
kargador, etc.
o 2nd Income group – saleslady, factory worker, security guard, utility
workers, transportation drivers, etc.
 o 3rd Income group – gov't employees, entry level positions, small-
scale business owners, etc.
o 4th Income group – supervisory positions, managerial positions, etc.
o 5th Income groups – professionals, uniformed personnel, OFWs,
etc.
o 6th Income groups – businessmen, executive levels

 Potential percentage of income for new housing is based on the

prevailing amortization and/or rental value in the LGU.

 Result of FIES 2015 on amortization and/or rental value in the

National Capital Region was used as reference in estimating the
potential percentage of income for new housing.

The total Annual Family Expenditure by Major Expenditure

Group, by Income Class & by Region, 2015 of the FIES was used
as reference in estimating the percentages of income that can be
used to pay for housing facility.

Below are the percentages of income used for various

“unnecessary” expenditure items that can be pooled together to pay
for housing facility:

o 1st Income group – 27% (house rental 25.1%, special occasion

1.9%)
o 2nd Income group – 27% (house rental 25.1%, special occasion
1.9%)
o 3rd Income group – 27% (house rental 25.1%, special occasion
1.9%)
o 4th Income group - 27% (house rental 25.1%, special occasion
1.9%)
 o 5th Income group – 27.30% (house rental 25.8%, alcoholic
beverages 0.1%, tobacco 1%, special occasion 0.4%)
o 6 th Income group – 24.10% (house rental 20.9%, alcoholic
beverages 0.7%, tobacco 1.9%, special occasion 0.6%)

Interest rates and repayment periods are based on existing

housing programs of the national government

7.5.3 Financing Scheme

Package Price : Php 450,000.00

Cashout : Php 10,000.00 (for miscellaneous expenses:
Meralco, Maynilad, Annotations, Notary, etc.)
Loanable amount : Php 450,000.00
Payment Period (Max) : 30 years
Age Limit (Max.) :70 years old

THRU PAG IBIG FUND : FOR MEMBERS ONLY

Interest Rate : 4.5% (for Monthly Income of 15,000 & below)

: 6.0% (for Monthly Income of above Php 15,000)
Monthly Amoritization
for 30 years : Php 2,424.20 (@4.5% Interest;incl. MRI and
Fire)
: Php 2,942.10 (@6.0% Interest;incl.MRI and Fire)
Now (for M.I
<Php 15,000) : Php 1,897.22 (@3.0% Interest;excl. MRI & Fire)

THRU IN-HOUSING FINANCING

 Interest Rate : 5.1%
Mo. Amortization : Php 1,500 during first year with an increase of
10% until the 5th year. Php 2,500.00 from 6 th year
until the 30th year (incl. of MRI & Fire Insurance)

SAMPLE FINANCING SCHEME FOR 5 STOREY

BUILDING (A) OF VITAS
Floor Level 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st
Package Price 400,000 425,000 450,000 475,000 500,000
Interest Rate 4.50% 4.50% 4.50% First 450,000 First 450,000
@4.50% next @4.50% next
25,000 50,000 @6.50%
@6.50%
YEAR MONTLY AMORTIZATION
1st-5th 600 700 800 950 1,115
6th-10th 1,300 1,350 1,400 1,550 1,715
11th-15th 2,000 2,100 2,200 2,350 2,515
16th-20th 2,800 3,100 3,200 3,350 3,515
21th-25th 3,800 4,000 4,400 4,600 4,715
26th-30th 4,800 4,900 5,000 5,200 5,315
36th month 5,986 5,135 8,157 8,678 6,487
Accumulated 919,186 969,235 1,023,15 1077,,478 1,134,572
Value 7
Interest Rate 6.59% 6.52% 6.49% 6.47% 6.47%
compared to
HDMF

7.5.4 Affordable Housing Option

Housing Loans Offered by SSS, GSIS, Pag-IBIG, NHMFC, and SHFC

The Philippine government, through different agencies, offers

affordable housing loans that make it possible for the working Filipino to grab
the keys to their own home. Essentially, the government housing loans
offered can be availed through memberships or monthly contributions.
1. Social Security System (SSS) Housing Loans

When you think of the SSS, it’s usually the pension you’d get after
retirement that you think of. SSS offers more than a monthly retirement
benefit, they also provide benefits for business and housing loans. To date,
they’ve given four options for housing loans that you can choose from:

A. Direct Housing Loan Facility for Workers’ Organization Members

This loan is specifically catered to provide low-cost housing for loyal

members of workers’ organization members (WOMs). WOMs refers to
DOLE, Securities and Exchange Commission, or Cooperative Development
Authority-registered associations of workers in the private sector. Specifically,
organizations such as trade union center, federation, national union,
local/chapter or independent union as defined in Book V of the Labor Code of
the Philippines.

B. Direct Housing Loan Facility for OFWs

If you are an Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW), you’re in luck as SSS

has crafted a loan that is specifically for employees such as yourself.  SSS
pin-points for essential qualifications for this specific type of loan:

1. You are currently employed overseas with a contract that has been
processed through the POEA or one that has been authenticated by the
Embassy of your country of employment
2. Has the employment contract for renewal or deployment (Take note that
the loan will only be offered upon renewal/employment)
3. A Filipino that is already a citizen or immigrant of a foreign country but
would like to buy a home for their family who lives in the Philippines
4. Is currently an OFW with a long-term residency abroad but is planning to
purchase a home for retirement or simply as a place of residence during
visits in the Philippines

C. House Repair/Improvement Loan

If you currently own a home but feel like it needs to undergo a huge
renovation or repair ordeal, this specific option is your best bet. The house
repair/improvement loan covers those who want to upgrade their home’s
aesthetic value expand their home, complete a bare unit, construct gates or
(steel) fences, or is looking into installing deep wells or motor pumps.

This loan isn’t just available through SSS directly, they’ve also tapped
accredited participating financial institutions (PFIs) as additional options.
Currently, the listed PFIs are:

 BDO Unibank, Inc.

 Development Bank of the Philippines
 Land Bank of the Philippines
 Philippine National Bank
 Philippine Veterans Bank
 Planters Development Bank

(Kindly note that the list may be subject to change without official
announcements from SSS)

D. Assumption of Mortgage

If all the aforementioned options aren’t suited to your state, the

assumption of mortgage could be the best option. The Assumption of
Mortgage provides loans to existing SSS members with good standing to
assume the updated principal balance of an existing SSS loan.
 However, it takes more than just being a current SSS member to make
the cut. SSS specifies that to be eligible you must meet the following
requirements:

 Is a current member of SSS with a contribution of at least 36 months, 24 of

which were made consecutively in a period before applying for the loan
 Is not over 60 years old during the time of application
 Does not have an existing SSS housing loan
 Has not been granted final SSS benefits
 Is current in the payment of any other (they also require for the applicant’s
spouse to be updated with SSS payments as well)

2. Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) Housing Loans

Created by way of Commonwealth Act No. 186 that was passed in

1936, and later on amended under Republic Act No. 8291 in 1997, the
Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) is a social security system for
government employees. It ensures members against particular contingencies
in exchange for their monthly contributions.

A. GSIS Family Bank Home Loans

GSIS offers housing loans in a private capacity, via the GSIS Family
Bank. GSIS currently owns a 99.6 percent stake in the bank, and through it
offers housing loans to individual/single proprietors, employed individuals,
OFWs, and partnerships and corporations.

B. Home Loans via PAG-IBIG

As GSIS decided to wind down its direct lending program due to

lackluster housing performance of the pension fund, it decided to instead
forge partnerships with key shelter agencies (KSA), which has the proven
expertise on home lending. No KSA is more widely recognized than the Pag-
IBIG fund, and GSIS signed a credit facility agreement and provided an initial
allocation of Php5 billion to finance the housing loans of GSIS members and
pensioners.

3. Pag-IBIG Fund Housing Loans

The Housing Development Mutual Find (HDMF)—better known as the

Pag-IBIG Fund—is one of the most familiar and popular options when it
comes to housing loans. They give financial assistance to its members
looking to purchase their own home. Pag-IBIG has also been tapped by GSIS
for house loan options since GSIS stopped its loan operations in May of 2016.

A. Retail

If you’re looking to apply for a loan from Pag-IBIG directly, retail is

the way to go. Just like other agencies that offer house loans, Pag-IBIG
makes it possible for its members to get a loan too. They’ve made this
option available for a wide array of workers—from private sector workers,
OFWs or even self-employed workers. But before one is granted, there are
a few requirements to be met:

 Must be a member under the Pag-IBIG I, Pag-IBIG II, or Pag-IBIG

Overseas Program (POP) for at least 24 months and has made at
least the same amount of monthly contributions at the time of
application
 Is not over 65 years old at the time of application and must be
insurable (Meaning the applicant is not older than 70 years at loan
maturity)
 Has the legal capacity acquire or purchase real property
B. Assisted By Developers

Typically, when you purchase properties like condominiums, agents,

brokers or developers are hands-on in assisting you. This also includes
applying for house loans. The developer will walk you through as the buyer in
applying for the said loan.

4. National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation

(NHMFC) Housing Loans

The National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation (NHMFC) was built

in response to the need for increasing the availability of affordable housing
loans. Unlike SSS or Pag-IBIG Fund, the NHMFC is catered to the secondary
market that operates or finances for home mortgages.

There is actually only one loan program that NHMFC offers which is
the Housing Loan Receivables Program (HLRPP). This is directed more to
financial institutions, developers, LGUs, cooperatives and other private
sectors. They’ve created a program to help these organizations have more to
lend to potential homeowners by liquidating their qualified housing
receivables.
5. Social Housing Finance Corporation (SHFC) Housing Loans

The Social Housing Finance Corporations (SHFC) was born out of the
transfer of loan programs which was originally run by the National Home
Mortgage Finance Corporation (NHMFC).  The SHFC is concentrated on
providing housing loans and financing for low-income families and informal
settlers. Just like the NHMFC, the SHFC works with secondary markets such
as LGUs undergoing housing projects to help those with lower incomes gain
their own home.

These recipients can either receive SHFC-backed home-ownership or

financing through four options:

A. Abot Kaya Pabahay Fund-Development Loan Program (AKPF-DLP)

Those who fall under the income family bracket living in an urban city
can be helped through financing house or building construction via the AKPF-
DLP. But these said homes must be part of the community mortgage program
(CMP) or a specific housing project.

This is directed more towards corporations or LGUs that partner with

developers of socialized housing projects.

B. Community Mortgage Program (CMP)

Legally organized Informal Settlers (ISF) of depressed areas can find

help in financing their homes through the CMP. In a gist, this program seeks
to help ISFs have the opportunity to improve their neighborhood by making it
financially possible. Through this, they could eventually own their own homes.

The CMP cannot be a single person-application, it requires

beneficiaries to form and register a Community Association to qualify. But
 how does each beneficiary receive rights over their property or land? It’s
possible through a Lease Purchase Agreement (LPA) with the Community
Association.

Core requirements are as follows:

 Must be at least 18 years old

 Cannot be more than 60 years old during the release of the loan

C. High-Density Housing Program (HDH)

SHFC has always been active in ISF Housing Program, with this the
government provided them with P50 billion that is to be allotted for five years.
So, the SHFC opted to create the High-Density Housing Program (HDH).
Their main goal is to provide safe and flood-free homes for ISFs living within
the National Capital Region (NCR).

D. Localized Community Mortgage Program (LCMP)

The LCMP works hand-in-hand with LGUs. This community mortgage

program is designed for members of the LGU looking to acquire land which is
primarily mortgaged to SHFC. Should the said city or municipality be qualified,
they will be accredited by SHFC as partner LGU. Once this has been
approved, those who fall under the qualifications can essentially receive any
of the three acquisition loan options:

 P30,000 for site development loan (with a monthly amortization of

P205.59)
 P100,000 for lot acquisition loan (with a monthly amortization of P685.30)
 P120,000 house construction loan (with a monthly amortization of 834.60)

7.5.5 Cost Estimates of 1 bare unit

 A. RESIDENTIAL BUILDING COSTING
UNI
QTY UNIT PRICE AMOUNT
GROUND FLOOR FOUNDATION T
 
1 SITE WORKS AND EARTHWORKS  
114
1.1 Excavation cu.m 50 57000
0
114
1.2 Backfilling and Compation cu.m 50 57000
0
114
1.3 Layout and Stacking sqm 30 34200
0
1.4 Gravel Base cu.m 57 100 5700
2 CONCRETE WORKS        
2.1 Column Footing 12mm pcs 24 280 6720
2.2. Wall Footing 16mm pcs 24 390 9360
2.3 Beam 16mm pcs 24 390 9360
2.4 Column pcs 48 390 18720
2.5 Foundation Cement bags 99 220 21780
2.6 Stirrups 10mm kg 24 160 3840
pcs 24 160 3840
2.7 Panel Fabrication 10mm / 12mm
pcs 36 220 7920
2.8 bags 4 1200 4800
2.9 Concreting of Panel 10mm/10mm/24mm bags 4 800 3200
2.1
bags 24 160 3840
0
2.1
Angular 3/16x2 kg 16 420 6720
1
2.1
Phenolic Plywood pcs 15 1000 15000
2
2.1
Scaffolding pcs 32 150 4800
3
2.1
Deform bar for Slab Concreting 12mm pcs 120 280 33600
4
2.1
Beam Stirrups 10mm kg 24 160 3840
5
2.1
Tire Wire kg 10 80 800
6
2.1
Assorted Nail kg 10 80 800
7
UNI
SECOND FLOOR QTY UNIT PRICE AMOUNT
T
bags 45 220 9900
2.1
Slab Concreting cu.m 5 800 4000
8
cu.m 5 1200 6000
UNI
3 REINFORCEMENT QTY UNIT PRICE AMOUNT
T
3.1 Column Footing 12mm kg 24 280 6720
3.2 Wall Footing 16mm kg 24 390 9360
3.4 Column 16mm kg 48 390 18720
3.5 Beam 16mm kg 24 390 9360
3.6 Foundation Cement bags 99 220 21780
3.7 Stirrups 10mm kg 24 160 3840
pcs 24 160 3840
3.8 Panel Fabrication 10mm / 12mm
pcs 36 220 7920
3.9 bags 4 1200 4800
3.1
bags 4 800 3200
0 Concreting of Panel 10mm/10mm/24mm
3.1
bags 24 160 3840
1
3.1
Angular 3/16x2 kg 16 420 6720
2
3.1
Phenolic Plywood pcs 15 1000 15000
3
3.1
Scaffolding pcs 32 150 4800
4
3.1
Deform bar for Slab Concreting 12mm pcs 120 280 33600
5
3.1
Beam Stirrups 10mm kg 24 160 3840
6
3.1
Tire Wire kg 10 80 800
7
3.1
Assorted Nail kg 10 80 800
8
bags 45 220 9900
3.1
Slab Concreting cu.m 5 800 4000
9
cu.m 5 1200 6000
UNI
4 ACCESSORIES QTY UNIT PRICE AMOUNT
T
4.1 Door and Jamb Set pcs 1 2000 2000
4.2 Tiles Comfort Room (30cmx30cm) pcs 85 20 1700
4.3 Water Closet pcs 1 2500 2500
4.4 Lavatory pcs 1 1500 1500
UNI
5 ELECTRICAL QTY UNIT PRICE AMOUNT
T
5.1 Switch pcs 4 60 240
m 30 30 900
5.2 Wiring (meters)
m 14 25 350
5.3 Receptacle and bulb pcs 4 150 600
5.4 Pipe (3 meters) m 8 65 520
5.5 Electrical Tape pcs 1 35 35
5.6 Circuit Breaker (Set) pcs 1 400 400
5.7 Branches pcs 1 350 350
5.8 Circuit Box pcs 1 400 400
UNI
6 PLUMBING WORKS FIT OUT QTY UNIT PRICE AMOUNT
T
6.1 Tiles pcs 40 30 1200
6.2 PVC blue pcs 3 65 195
6.3 Soil Pipe pcs 2 400 800
 6.4 Waste Pipe pcs 2 200 400
6.5 PVC TEE pcs 3 100 300
6.6 PVC Elbow pcs 3 100 300
6.7 Faucet pcs 2 200 400
6.8 Kicthen Sink pcs 1 800 800
6.9 Door pcs 2 2500 5000
6.1
Window sqm 1 3500 3500
0
  BARE UNIT ESTIMATES       535970

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING COST: Php 535,970.00

7.5.6 ProjectedAnnual/Gross Income
Estimated Annual
No. of
Space Area (sqm) Rate per Month Building
Units
month Income
Low Rise Building
Studio Room 1 26 30 1,115 33,450 401,400
Studio Room 2 26 30 1,115 33,450 401,400
Family Room 1   37 5 2000 10,000 120,000
Family Room 2 37 5 4000 20,000 240,000
Remarks: The low rise building composed of 5 typical bldg. 922,800
70 units x 5 buildings = 350 units
4,134,000
5 x 922,800=
Mid Rise Building A
Studio Room 1 26 72 3000 216,000 2,592,000
Studio Room 2 26 72 3000 216,000 2,592,000
Family Room 1   37 12 4000 48,000 576,000
Family Room 2 37 12 6000 72,000 864,000
Remarks: The medium rise building composed of 3 typical bldg. 6,624,000
168 units x 3 buildings = 504
19,872,000
3 x 6,624,000
Mid Rise Building B
Studio Room 1 26 72 3000 216,000 2,592,000
Studio Room 2 26 72 3000 216,000 2,592,000
Family Room 1   37 12 4000 48,000 576,000
Family Room 1 37 12 6000 72,000 864,000
Remarks: The medium rise building composed of 3 typical bldg. 6,624,000
168 units x 3 buildings = 504
19,872,000
3 x 6,624,000
Commercial Rental Spaces for Building A
Rental Spaces 26 60 10,000 600,000 7,200,000
 Remarks: The medium rise building B composed of 3 typical bldg.
Ave. Event per No. of Cost per Annual
  Month
year Units Event Profit
Basketball Court 200 1 10000 166,666 2,000,000
Multipurpose Hall 50 1 15000 125,000 1,500,000
PRICE PER
Parking Slots 250   175,000 2,100,000
SLOT 300
Grand Total 56,678,000

7.5.6.Projected Return of Investment

 APPENDIX
 Detailed Space Programming with room data sheet

 
Space Pedal Manual Pivotal Total Area Type of No. of
Activity Total
Requirement 0.58 0.96 2.7 A Furniture Furniture
RESIDENCE BUILDING
STUDIO
Sofa 1
Living Entertainm
2     1.16 1.16 Side
Room ent 1
Table

Total Total Circulatio Total Area

Area of Furniture Total Area (sqm)
Area of Area (B) n (C)
Furniture Multiplier
Width Length Area A + TAF B * CM B+C
1.70 0.90 1.53 1.53
2.78 90% 2.50 5.28
0.30 0.30 0.09 0.09
 ROOM DATA SHEET
Duratio Space Ventilati
Territorial User's Group Lighting Power
n Type on
Private ✔ Specific Group Morning Public Natural Natural Essential
Afterno Semi-
Interaction ✔ Artificial Artificial Desirable
✔   on Public
Access   Evening Private     Unnecessary
Fire
Communication Water Flood Safefy Security Noise
Risk
Essential Essential Low Low Low Low
Desirable Desirable Medium Medium Medium Medium
Unnecessa
Unnecessary High High High High
ry
                 

Space Pedal Manual Pivotal Total Area Type of No. of

Activity Total
Requirement 0.58 0.96 2.7 A Furniture Furniture
Dining
1
Dining Area Eating 2     1.16 1.16 Table
Chair 2

Total Total Circulatio Total Area

Area of Furniture Total Area (sqm)
Area of Area (B) n (C)
Width Length Area Furniture A + TAF Multiplier B * CM B+C
0.90 0.60 0.54 0.54
2.11 50% 1.05 3.16
0.45 0.45 0.20 0.41
ROOM DATA SHEET
Duratio Space Ventilati
Territorial User's Group Lighting Power
n Type on
Private ✔ Specific Group Morning Public Natural Natural Essential
Afterno Semi-
Interaction ✔ Artificial Artificial Desirable
✔   on Public
Access   Evening Private     Unnecessary
 
Space Pedal Manual Pivotal Total Area Type of No. of
Activity Total
Requirement 0.58 0.96 2.7 A Furniture Furniture
Sleeping Single
Sleeping 2     2 2 1
Area Bed

Total Total Circulatio Total Area

Area of Furniture Total Area (sqm)
Area of Area (B) n (C)
Width Length Area Furniture A + TAF Multiplier B * CM B+C
0.90 2.00 1.80 1.80 3.80 50% 1.90 5.70
ROOM DATA SHEET
Duratio Space Ventilati
Territorial User's Group Lighting Power
n Type on
Private ✔ Specific Group Morning Public Natural Natural Essential
Afterno Semi-
Interaction   Artificial Artificial Desirable
✔   on Public
Access   Evening Private     Unnecessary
 
Space Pedal Manual Pivotal Total Area Type of No. of
Activity Total
Requirement 0.58 0.96 2.7 A Furniture Furniture
Kitchen Cooking   2   1.92 1.92 Refrigera 1
tor
 Washing Sink 1

Total Total Circulatio Total Area

Area of Furniture Total Area (sqm)
Area of Area (B) n (C)
Width Length Area Furniture A + TAF Multiplier B * CM B+C
0.60 0.60 0.36 0.36
2.88 90% 2.59 5.47
0.60 1.00 0.60 0.60
ROOM DATA SHEET
Duratio Space Ventilati
Territorial User's Group Lighting Power
n Type on
Private ✔ Specific Group Morning Public Natural Natural Essential
Afterno Semi-
Interaction   Artificial Artificial Desirable
✔   on Public
Access   Evening Private     Unnecessary
 
Space Pedal Manual Pivotal Total Area Type of No. of
Activity Total
Requirement 0.58 0.96 2.7 A Furniture Furniture
Bowel Lavatory 1
Water
Toilet & Bath Washing 1     0.58 0.58 1
Closet
Shower Shower 1

Total Total Circulatio Total Area

Area of Furniture Total Area (sqm)
Area of Area (B) n (C)
Width Length Area Furniture A + TAF Multiplier B * CM B+C
0.60 0.80 0.48 0.48
0.40 0.50 0.20 0.20 1.76 50% 0.88 2.64
0.50 1.00 0.50 0.50
ROOM DATA SHEET
Duratio Space Ventilati
Territorial User's Group Lighting Power
n Type on
Private ✔ Specific Group Morning Public Natural Natural Essential
Afterno Semi-
Interaction   Artificial Artificial Desirable
✔   on Public
Access   Evening Private     Unnecessary
      TOTAL 22.25        

 
Space Pedal Manual Pivotal Total Area Type of No. of
Activity Total
Requirement 0.58 0.96 2.7 A Furniture Furniture
RESIDENCE BUILDING
1 BEDROOM UNIT
Sofa 1
Living Entertainm
2     1.16 1.16 Side
Room ent 1
Table

Total Total Circulatio Total Area

Area of Furniture Total Area (sqm)
Area of Area (B) n (C)
Width Length Area Furniture A + TAF Multiplier B * CM B+C
 1.70 0.90 1.53 1.53
2.78 90% 2.50 5.28
0.30 0.30 0.09 0.09
ROOM DATA SHEET
Duratio Space Ventilati
Territorial User's Group Lighting Power
n Type on
Private ✔ Specific Group Morning Public Natural Natural Essential
Afterno Semi-
Interaction ✔ Artificial Artificial Desirable
✔   on Public
Access   Evening Private     Unnecessary
Fire
Communication Water Flood Safefy Security Noise
Risk
Essential Essential Low Low Low Low
Desirable Desirable Medium Medium Medium Medium
Unnecessa
Unnecessary High High High High
ry
                 

Space Pedal Manual Pivotal Total Area Type of No. of

Activity Total
Requirement 0.58 0.96 2.7 A Furniture Furniture
Dining
1
Dining Area Eating 4     2.32 2.32 Table
Chair 4

Total Total Circulatio Total Area

Area of Furniture Total Area (sqm)
Area of Area (B) n (C)
Width Length Area Furniture A + TAF Multiplier B * CM B+C
0.9 0.9 0.81 0.81
3.94 90% 3.55 7.49
0.45 0.45 0.20 0.81
ROOM DATA SHEET
Duratio Space Ventilati
Territorial User's Group Lighting Power
n Type on
Private ✔ Specific Group Morning Public Natural Natural Essential
Afterno Semi-
Interaction ✔ Artificial Artificial Desirable
✔   on Public
Access   Evening Private     Unnecessary
 
Space Total Type of
Pedal Manual Pivotal No. of
Requiremen Activity Total Area Furnitur
Furniture
t 0.58 0.96 2.7 A e
Side
          1
Table
Bedroom Sleeping
Double
2     1.16 1.16 1
Bed
Total Total Area
Total Total Total (sqm)
Area of Furniture Area Circulati
Area of Area of Area (C)
(B) on  
Furnitu Furn.
Multiplier
Width Length Area re A + TAF (B) B * CM B+C
1 0.3 0.5 0.15 0.15
4.11 90% 3.699 7.81
1.40 2.00 2.80 2.80 3.96
ROOM DATA SHEET
Duratio Space Ventilati
Territorial User's Group Lighting Power
n Type on
Private ✔ Specific Group Morning Public Natural Natural Essential
Interaction   ✔   Afterno Semi- Artificial Artificial Desirable
on Public
 Access   Evening Private     Unnecessary
 
Space Pedal Manual Pivotal Total Area Type of No. of
Activity Total
Requirement 0.58 0.96 2.7 A Furniture Furniture
Refrigera
Cooking 1
Kitchen   1   0.96 0.96 tor
Washing Sink 1

Total Total Circulatio Total Area

Area of Furniture Total Area (sqm)
Area of Area (B) n (C)
Width Length Area Furniture A + TAF Multiplier B * CM B+C
0.7 0.6 0.42 0.42
2.10 90% 1.89 3.99
0.6 1.2 0.72 0.72
ROOM DATA SHEET
Duratio Space Ventilati
Territorial User's Group Lighting Power
n Type on
Private ✔ Specific Group Morning Public Natural Natural Essential
Afterno Semi-
Interaction   Artificial Artificial Desirable
✔   on Public
Access   Evening Private     Unnecessary
 
Space Pedal Manual Pivotal Total Area Type of No. of
Activity Total
Requirement 0.58 0.96 2.7 A Furniture Furniture
Bowel Lavatory 1
Water
Toilet & Bath Washing 1     0.58 0.58 1
Closet
Shower Shower 1

Total Total Circulatio Total Area

Area of Furniture Total Area (sqm)
Area of Area (B) n (C)
Width Length Area Furniture A + TAF Multiplier B * CM B+C
0.60 0.80 0.48 0.48
0.40 0.50 0.20 0.20 1.86 90% 1.67 3.53
0.60 1.00 0.60 0.60
ROOM DATA SHEET
Duratio Space Ventilati
Territorial User's Group Lighting Power
n Type on
Private ✔ Specific Group Morning Public Natural Natural Essential
Afterno Semi-
Interaction   Artificial Artificial Desirable
✔   on Public
Access   Evening Private     Unnecessary
      TOTAL 28.10        

 
Space Pedal Manual Pivotal Total Area Type of No. of
Activity Total
Requirement 0.58 0.96 2.7 A Furniture Furniture
RESIDENCE BUILDING
2 BEDROOM UNIT
Living Room Entertainm 3     1.74 1.74 Sofa 1
 Side
ent 1
Table
Area of Furniture Total Total Circulatio Total Area Total Area (sqm)
Area of Area (B) n (C)
Furniture Multiplier
Width Length Area A + TAF B * CM B+C
1.70 0.90 1.53 1.53 3.36 90% 3.02 6.38

0.3 0.3 0.09 0.09

ROOM DATA SHEET
Duratio Space Ventilatio
Territorial User's Group Lighting Power
n Type n
Private ✔ Specific Group Morning Public Natural Natural Essential
✔   Afterno Semi-
Interaction ✔ Artificial Artificial Desirable
on Public
Access   Evening Private     Unnecessary
Fire
Communication Water Flood Safefy Security Noise
Risk
Essential Essential Low Low Low Low
Desirable Desirable Medium Medium Medium Medium
Unnecessa
Unnecessary High High High High
ry
                 
Space Activity Pedal Manual Pivotal Total Total Area Type of No. of
Requirement Furniture Furniture
0.58 0.96 2.7 A
Dining Area Eating 2     1.16 1.16 Dining
1
Table
Chair 4
Area of Furniture Total Total Circulatio Total Area Total Area (sqm)
Area of Area (B) n (C)
Furniture Multiplier
Width Length Area A + TAF B * CM B+C
0.9 0.6 0.54 0.54 2.51 90% 2.26 4.77

0.45 0.45 0.20 0.81

ROOM DATA SHEET
Duratio Space Ventilatio
Territorial User's Group Lighting Power
n Type n
Private ✔ Specific Group Morning Public Natural Natural Essential
✔   Afterno Semi-
Interaction ✔ Artificial Artificial Desirable
on Public
Access   Evening Private     Unnecessary
 
Space Activity Total Total Type of No. of
Pedal Manual Pivotal
Requirement Area Furniture Furniture
0.58 0.96 2.7 A
Bedroom Sleeping Side
          1
Table
Double
2     1.16 1.16 2
Bed
Area of Furniture Total Total Total Circulatio Total Total Area
Area of Area (B) Area of n Area (C) (sqm)
Furnitur Furn. Multiplier  
e (B)
Width Length Area A + TAF B * CM B+C
1.40 2.00 2.80 5.6 7.84 9.30 90% 8.37 17.67

0.3 0.5 0.15 0.30 1.46

 ROOM DATA SHEET
Duratio Space Ventilatio
Territorial User's Group Lighting Power
n Type n
Private ✔ Specific Group Morning Public Natural Natural Essential
✔   Afterno Semi-
Interaction   Artificial Artificial Desirable
on Public
Access   Evening Private     Unnecessary
 
Space Activity Pedal Manual Pivotal Total Total Area Type of No. of
Requirement Furniture Furniture
0.58 0.96 2.7 A
Kitchen   1   0.96 0.96 Refrigera
Cooking 1
tor
Washing Sink 1
Area of Furniture Total Total Circulatio Total Area Total Area (sqm)
Area of Area (B) n (C)
Furniture Multiplier
Width Length Area A + TAF B * CM B+C
0.7 0.6 0.42 0.42 2.10 90% 1.89 3.99

0.6 1.2 0.72 0.72

ROOM DATA SHEET
Duratio Space Ventilatio
Territorial User's Group Lighting Power
n Type n
Private ✔ Specific Group Morning Public Natural Natural Essential
✔   Afterno Semi-
Interaction   Artificial Artificial Desirable
on Public
Access   Evening Private     Unnecessary
 
Space Activity Pedal Manual Pivotal Total Total Area Type of No. of
Requirement Furniture Furniture
0.58 0.96 2.7 A
Toilet & Bath Bowel 1     0.58 0.58 Lavatory 1
Water
Washing 1
Closet
Shower Shower 1
Area of Furniture Total Total Circulatio Total Area Total Area (sqm)
Area of Area (B) n (C)
Furniture Multiplier
Width Length Area A + TAF B * CM B+C
0.60 0.80 0.48 0.48 1.86 90% 1.67 3.53

0.40 0.50 0.20 0.20

0.60 1.00 0.60 0.60
ROOM DATA SHEET
Duratio Space Ventilatio
Territorial User's Group Lighting Power
n Type n
Private ✔ Specific Group Morning Public Natural Natural Essential
✔   Afterno Semi-
Interaction   Artificial Artificial Desirable
on Public
Access   Evening Private     Unnecessary
      TOTAL 36.35        
 
Space Activity Pedal Manual Pivotal Total Total Area Type of No. of
Requirement Furniture Furniture
0.58 0.96 2.7 A
  Washing   10     10.96 Water 10
 Closet
Area of Furniture Total Total Circulatio Total Area Total Area (sqm)
Area of Area (B) n (C)
Furniture Multiplier
Width Length Area A + TAF B * CM B+C
0.40 0.50 0.20 2.00 12.96 100% 12.96 25.92
ROOM DATA SHEET
Duratio Space Ventilatio
Territorial User's Group Lighting Power
n Type n
Private ✔ Specific Group Morning Public Natural Natural Essential
  ✔ Afterno Semi-
Interaction   Artificial Artificial Desirable
on Public
Access   Evening Private     Unnecessary
      TOTAL 62.27        
 
Space Activity Total Total Type of No. of
Pedal Manual Pivotal
Requireme Area Furniture Furniture
nt 0.58 0.96 2.7 A
COMMERCIAL AREA
Stalls (50) Grocery     50 135 135 Stainless
1
Table
Chair 2
Area of Furniture Total Total Circulation Total Total Area (sqm)
Area of Area (B) Multiplier Area
Furniture (C)

Width Length Area A + TAF B * CM B+C

1.00 1.50 1.50 1.50 136.68 200% 273.36 410.04

0.3 0.3 0.09 0.18

ROOM DATA SHEET
Lightin Ventilatio
Territorial User's Group Duration Space Type Power
g n
Natura
Private   Specific Group Morning Public Natural Essential
l
Interactio   ✔ Afternoo Artifici
✔ Semi-Public Artificial Desirable
n n al
Unnecess
Access ✔ Evening Private    
ary
Securit
Communication Water Flood Safefy Fire Risk Noise
y
Essential Essential Low Low Low Low
Mediu
Desirable Desirable Medium Medium Medium
m
Unnecess
Unnecessary High High High High
ary
 
Space Activity Total Total Type of No. of
Pedal Manual Pivotal
Requireme Area Furniture Furniture
nt 0.58 0.96 2.7 A
COMMERCIAL AREA
Utility Maintenan
1     0.58 0.58 Slop Sink 1
Room ce
Area of Furniture Total Total Circulation Total Total Area (sqm)
Area of Area (B) Multiplier Area
Furniture (C)
Width Length Area A + TAF B * CM B+C
 0.40 0.40 0.16 0.16 0.74 100% 0.74 1.48
ROOM DATA SHEET
Lightin Ventilatio
Territorial User's Group Duration Space Type Power
g n
Natura
Private ✔ Specific Group Morning Public Natural Essential
l
Interactio Afternoo Artifici
  Semi-Public Artificial Desirable
n n al
✔  
Unnecess
Access   Evening Private    
ary
Securit
Communication Water Flood Safefy Fire Risk Noise
y
Essential Essential Low Low Low Low
Mediu
Desirable Desirable Medium Medium Medium
m
Unnecess
Unnecessary High High High High
ary
 
Space Total
Pedal Manual Pivotal Type of No. of
Requireme Activity Total Area
Furniture Furniture
nt 0.58 0.96 2.7 A
RESIDENCE BUILDING
COMMERCIAL AREA
Storage Storing 1           1
Total
Total Total
Area of Furniture Circulation Area Total Area (sqm)
Area of Area (B)
Multiplier (C)
Furniture
Width Length Area A + TAF B * CM B+C
10.00 10.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100% 100.00 200.00
ROOM DATA SHEET
Lightin Ventilatio
Territorial User's Group Duration Space Type Power
g n
Natura
Private ✔ Specific Group Morning Public Natural Essential
l
Interactio Afternoo Artifici
  Semi-Public Artificial Desirable
n n al
✔  
Unnecess
Access   Evening Private    
ary
Securit
Communication Water Flood Safefy Fire Risk Noise
y
Essential Essential Low Low Low Low
Mediu
Desirable Desirable Medium Medium Medium
m
Unnecess
Unnecessary High High High High
ary

 
Space Total
Pedal Manual Pivotal Type of No. of
Requireme Activity Total Area
Furniture Furniture
nt 0.58 0.96 2.7 A
MULTI-PURPOSE HALL
Hall Meeting   20   0 0 Chair 15
 Side
1
Table
Total
Total Total
Area of Furniture Circulation Area Total Area (sqm)
Area of Area (B)
Multiplier (C)
Furniture
Width Length Area A + TAF B * CM B+C
0.3 0.3 0.09 1.35
1.44 90% 1.30 2.74
0.30 0.30 0.09 0.09
ROOM DATA SHEET
Lighti Ventilati
Territorial User's Group Duration Space Type Power
ng on
Natura
Private ✔ Specific Group Morning Public Natural Essential
l
Interactio Afternoo Artifici
✔ Semi-Public Artificial Desirable
n n al
  ✔
Unnecess
Access   Evening Private    
ary
Securi
Communication Water Flood Safefy Fire Risk Noise
ty
Essential Essential Low Low Low Low
Mediu
Desirable Desirable Medium Medium Medium
m
Unnecess
Unnecessary High High High High
ary
                 
Space Total
Pedal Manual Pivotal Type of No. of
Requireme Activity Total Area
Furniture Furniture
nt 0.58 0.96 2.7 A
Basketba    
Playing     30 81 81
ll Court   50
Total
Total Total
Area of Furniture Circulation Area Total Area (sqm)
Area of Area (B)
Multiplier (C)
Furniture
Width Length Area A + TAF B * CM B+C
0.45 0.45 0.20 10.13 91.13 200% 182.25 273.38
ROOM DATA SHEET
Lighti Ventilati
Territorial User's Group Duration Space Type Power
ng on
Natura
Private   Specific Group Morning Public Natural Essential
l
Interactio Afternoo Artifici
✔ Semi-Public Artificial Desirable
n n al
  ✔
Unnecess
Access ✔ Evening Private    
ary
      TOTAL 276.11        
 Tax Declaration of Real Property