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Data Processing and Analysis

This document discusses data processing and analysis. It defines key terms like data, variables, cases, and information. It describes the steps in data processing as editing, coding, classification, data entry, validation, and tabulation. It provides examples of data processing like organizing examination records. The types of data processing are discussed as manual, electronic data processing (EDP), real-time processing, and batch processing. The cyclic nature of data processing from input to processing to output is also summarized.

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Mohamed Ali Abdi
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
227 views

Data Processing and Analysis

This document discusses data processing and analysis. It defines key terms like data, variables, cases, and information. It describes the steps in data processing as editing, coding, classification, data entry, validation, and tabulation. It provides examples of data processing like organizing examination records. The types of data processing are discussed as manual, electronic data processing (EDP), real-time processing, and batch processing. The cyclic nature of data processing from input to processing to output is also summarized.

Uploaded by

Mohamed Ali Abdi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Processing & Analysis

MMS-A

N A M I TA A M A L E - 0 1
S A C H I N C H AU D H A RY- 0 5
P R A N O T I VA RTA K - 3 8
P R I YA K U M A R - 2 8
RU PA M T H A K K A R - 3 6
A RYA K U L A N G A R AT H O D I - 1 5
S I D D H E S H S O N AWA N E - 3 2
S U S H I L TA M B I T K A R - 3 5
Contents

 Data & Types


 Information
 Data Anaysis
 Data Processing
 Steps in Data Processing
 Types Of Data Processing
 Data Processing Cycle
Data
Data
 The word data is derived from Latin language. It is plural of
Datum. Data is any collection of facts of figures. The data is
the raw material to be processed by a computer.

Example
 Names of students, marks obtained in the examination,
designation of employees, addresses, quantity, rate, sales
figures or anything that is input to the computer is data.
Even pictures, photographs, drawings, charts and maps can
be treated as data. Computer processes the data and
produces the output or result
Types of Data

Numeric Data Character Data

String Data

Graphical Data
Data & Data Set
The information that you collect from an experiment, survey is
referred to as your data. A data set is a representation of data,
defining a set of \variables" that are measured on a set of \cases."

Variable

A variable is any characteristic of an object that can be represented as


a number. The values that the variable takes will vary when
measurements are made on different objects or at different times.

Case

Recorded information about an object we observe a case.


Information

A collection of data which conveys some meaningful idea is


information. It may provide answers to questions like who, which, when,
why, what, and how.
or

Observations and recordings are done to obtain data, while analysis is


done to obtain information
Data Analysis

 Steps in Data Analysis

 Data Collection & Preparation

 Exploration of Data

 Data Analysis Method (s)/ Techniques


Data Preparation

 Collect data

 Preparation of code books

 Set up structure of data

 Enter data

 Screen data for errors


Exploration Of Data

 Graphs

 Descriptive stats
Data Analysis Techniques

 Comparing means- Statistical testing

 Correlations

 Text Analytics
Data Processing
Data Processing

 The processing of converting data into useful


information.

 Data processing system


 - the activities, equipment & personnel
invovled.

Data Process Information


Data Processing

Data processing:

Any operation or set of operations performed upon


data, whether or not by automatic means, such as
collection, recording, organization, storage,
adaptation or alteration to convert it into useful
information.
Data VS Information

 Information

Time
Date 12:05:57 Money
12/05/57 120,557

120557

 Data
Examples of Data Processing

 Organizing examination records

 The subject teacher collects the marked examination papers


 The subject scores are entered on score sheet
 The score sheet are given to the class teacher
 The class teacher calculate the total & the average score of
each student
 A report card for each student is produced ,master report
sheet for the class is kept for future reference.
Steps of data processing

There are 5 steps included in Data processing:

 Editing
 Coding
 Classification
 Data Entry
 Validation
 Tabulation
Editing

 Editing of data is a process of examining the


collected raw data to detect errors and omissions
and to correct these when possible.

 With regards to stages:


1. Field Editing
2. Central Editing
Coding

 Coding refers to process of assigning numerals or


other symbols to answers so that responses can be
put into a limited number of categories or classes.
Classification

 Data having a common characteristics are placed in


one class and in this way the entire data get divided
into a number of groups or classes.

 Types:
1. Classification according to attributes
2. Classification according to class intervals
Data Entry

 After the data has been properly arranged and


coded, it is entered into the software that performs
the eventual cross tabulation.
 Data entry professionals do the task efficiently.
Validation

 After the cleaning phase, comes the validation


process.
 It refers to the process of thoroughly checking the
collected data to ensure optimal quality levels.
 All the accumulated data is double checked in order
to ensure that it contains no inconsistencies and is
relevant.
Tabulation

 Tabulation is the process of summarising raw data


and displaying the same in compact form for further
analysis.

 Benefits:
1. It conserves soace and reduces explanatory statement to a
minimum
2. It facilitates the process of comparison
3. It facilitates the summation of items and detection of errors
4. It provides a basis for various statistical computations
Types Of Data Processing

Manual data Processing

EDP

Real time Processing

Batch Processing
Data Processing Cycle

Once data is collected, it is processed to convert it into


useful information. The data is processed again and
again until the accurate result is achieved. This is called
data processing cycle.

The data processing is very important activity and


involves very careful planning. Usually, data processing
activity involves three basic activities.

1. Input
2. Processing
3. Output
Data Processing Cycle

Input Processing Output

Verification Classification Retrieval

Storing
Coding Conversion
Calculation
Storing Communication
Summarizing

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