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Network Protocols: Dr. Ahmed Musa

The document discusses several key TCP/IP protocols including: 1. IP which provides addressing and routing functions in the networking layer. 2. TCP which provides reliable data transmission and transportation functions in the transport layer. 3. DHCP which automates the assignment of IP addresses on a network. 4. DNS which maps domain names to IP addresses through a distributed directory service.

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Akram Ta
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53 views

Network Protocols: Dr. Ahmed Musa

The document discusses several key TCP/IP protocols including: 1. IP which provides addressing and routing functions in the networking layer. 2. TCP which provides reliable data transmission and transportation functions in the transport layer. 3. DHCP which automates the assignment of IP addresses on a network. 4. DNS which maps domain names to IP addresses through a distributed directory service.

Uploaded by

Akram Ta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network

Protocols
Dr. Ahmed Musa
Protocols Guide\ TCP/IP Protocols

➢The TCP/IP protocol suite establishes the technical foundation of the Internet. Development of the
TCP/IP started as DOD projects. Now, most protocols in the suite are developed by the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF) under the Internet Architecture Board (IAB), an organization initially
sponsored by the US government and now an open and autonomous organization.
➢TCP/IP architecture does not exactly match the OSI model.
➢We force TCP/IP protocols into the OSI 7 layers structure for comparison purpose.
➢The TCP/IP suite’s core functions are addressing and routing (IP/IPv6 in the networking layer) and
transportation control (TCP, UDP in the transport layer).
TCP/IP Protocols
➢Addressing of network components is a critical issue for information routing and transmission in network
communications. Each technology has its own convention for transmitting messages between two machines
within the same network.

➢On a LAN, messages are sent between machines by supplying the six bytes unique identifier (the “MAC”
address).

➢In an SNA network, every machine has Logical Units with their own network addresses. DECNET, AppleTalk, and
Novell IPX all have a scheme for assigning numbers to each local network and to each workstation attached to
the network.

➢On top of these local or vendor specific network addresses, IP assigns a unique number to every network device
in the world, which is called an IP address.
TCP/IP Protocols

➢TCP provides a reliable stream delivery and virtual connection service to applications through the use of
sequenced acknowledgment with retransmission of packets when necessary.

➢TCP provides stream data transfer, transportation reliability, efficient flow control, full-duplex operation, and
multiplexing.
TCP/IP Protocols
TCP/IP
Application Layer Protocols
DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol
➢A DHCP or BOOTP client is a program that is located in each computer so that it can be configured.

➢(DHCP) is a communications protocol enabling network administrators manage centrally and to automate
the assignment of IP addresses in a network.
DNS: Domain Name System
(Service) protocol
➢Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed Internet directory
service
➢DNS has two independent aspects:
1. It specifies the name syntax and rules for delegating authority
over names. The basic syntax is: local.group.site
2. It specifies the implementation of a distributed computing
system that efficiently maps names to addresses.
➢DNS protocols follow the hierarchical labels used by the official
Internet domain system. Some of the top level domains are:
COM, EDU, GOV, NET, ORG, BIZ ... plus many country codes.
WWW
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol with the lightness and speed
necessary for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems.

HTTP is also used as a generic protocol for communication between user agents and proxies/gateways to
other Internet protocols, such as SMTP, NNTP, FTP, Gopher and WAIS, allowing basic hypermedia access
to resources available from diverse applications and simplifying the implementation of user agents.

The HTTP protocol is a request/response protocol. Request Message

HTTP 0.9 to 3.0 (2020)

Response Message
NAT: Network Address Translation
Network address translation (NAT) is a method of remapping
an IP address space into another by modifying network
address information in the IP header of packets while they are
in transit across a traffic routing device. The technique was
originally used to avoid the need to assign a new address to
every host when a network was moved, or when the upstream
Internet service provider was replaced, but could not route the
networks address space.
POP and POP3: Post Office
Protocol (version 3)
➢the Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard
protocol used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a mail serve
➢The Post Office Protocol provides access via an Internet Protocol (IP) network
for a user client application to a mailbox (maildrop) maintained on a mail
server.
➢The protocol supports download and delete operations for messages.
➢POP3 clients connect, retrieve all messages, store them on the client
computer, and finally delete them from the server. This design of POP and its
procedures was driven by the need of users having only temporary Internet
connections allowing these users to retrieve e-mail when connected, and
subsequently to view and manipulate the retrieved messages when offline.
SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol
TCP/IP
Presentation Layer Protocols
LPP: Lightweight Presentation
Protocol
TCP/IP
Session Layer Protocols
RPC: Remote Procedure Call
protocol
In distributed computing, a
remote procedure call (RPC) is
when a computer program
causes a procedure (subroutine)
to execute in a different address
space (commonly on another
computer on a shared network),
which is coded as if it were a
normal (local) procedure call,
without the programmer
explicitly coding the details for
the remote interaction.

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