Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
CARAGA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
Division of Surigao del Norte
SURIGAO DEL NORTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Peñaranda Street, Surigao City
School I.D. Number 304847

Detailed Lesson Plan

In
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction (DRRR)
GRADE 12-FARADAY

I. OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:

 Explain the meaning of disaster;
 Explain how and when an event becomes a disaster; and
 Differentiate hazard, vulnerability, exposure, disaster, and disaster risk;

A. Content Standard The learners demonstrate understanding of the concept of

disaster, concept of disaster risk, nature of disasters and
effects of disasters
B. Performance Standard The learners relate the concept of disaster with daily life.
C. Learning Competencies The learners are able to:
1. Explain the meaning of disaster; DRR11/12-Ia-b-1
2. Differentiate the risk factors underlying
disasters;DRR11/12-Ia-b-2
3. Describe the effects of disasters on one’s life;
DRR11/12-Ia-b-3
4. Explain how and when an event becomes a disaster;
DRR11/12-Ia-b-4
5. Identify areas/locations exposed to hazards that may
lead to disasters; and DRR11/12-Ia-b-5
6. Analyze disaster from the different perspectives
(physical, psychological, socio-cultural, economic,
political, and biological) DRR11/12-Ia-b-6
II. CONTENT Risk Factors Underlying Disasters (DRR11/12-Ia-b-2)
III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide pages K12 Basic Education Curriculum Senior High School
Curriculum Guide
2. Learner’s Materials pages
 3. Textbook pages
4. Additional Materials for Learning 1. Rep. Act No. 10121 (2010), Available at
Resources http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/95/Imple
menting_Rules_and_Regulartion_RA_10121.pdf
2. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies. (n.d.). Types of disasters: Definition of hazard. Retrieved
from http://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/disastermanagement/about-
disasters/definition-ofhazard/
3. Magbool, Irfan, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center,
ADPC, 31 December 2012,
https://www.adpc.net/igo/contents/adpcpage.asp?
pid=1266&dep=RIG
B. Other Learning Resources
IV. PROCEDURES
Teacher Activity Student Activity
A. Preliminary activities/Reviewing
previous lesson or presenting the new
lesson (REVIEW)

Good morning class! Good morning ma’am!

Let us pray first… (one student will lead the prayer)
Heavenly Father, we thank you for this day for giving us
gift of life, we may guide us through our lessons virtually
that each one of us will have a clear mind and can focus
in understanding our today’s lessons. In this I pray in the
name of our Almighty Father. Amen.”

(students will pick up the mess/pieces of paper under the

chair)

Please pick up the mess under your chair. (student will answer)
Now get ready for the checking of None Ma’am.
attendance.

Who are absent?

Yes ma'am.
Ok, very well. Let's now move on. (students will answer in chorus)

“Last meeting we have discussed about

the disaster, disaster risk and the different
classification of disasters.” (student will answer)
“Who can give me the two classifications “Natural and Man-made disasters”
of disasters?”

“Very Good!”
(student will answer)
“Anyone from the class can give the “Technological/industrial disasters, Terrorism/Violence
three sub-categories of man-made and Complex humanitarian emergencies.”
disasters?”

“Very Good!”
* I have here a scrambled letters and I
want you to arrange the scrambled letters
and write it on a ¼ sheet of paper.
1. IKSR -RISK
2. SASTREDI -DISASTER
3. TROACFS - FACTORS
4. ULNVEARIBLTIY –
VULNERABILITY
5. ZDRAHA - HAZARD

Exchange the paper with your seatmate

and let us check whether you got the
correct answer.

B. Establishing a purpose for the lesson

(MOTIVATION)

Philippine 2020 Disaster

1. What can you say about the video?

2. Were you able to experience this? (students will answer the questions)
3. What risk/s can you identify from
the video clip?
4. What do you think are the factors
that affect the disaster risks from the
preceding article?
C. Conducting Pre-Test before starting
a lesson

C. Discussing new concepts and

practicing new skills #1
ABSTRACTION
Lecture on Risk Factors Underlying
Disasters

“Risk has various connotations within Risk is usually associated with the degree to which
different disciplines. In general, risk is humans cannot cope (lack of capacity) with a situation
defined as “the combination of the (e.g. natural hazard). The term disaster risk refers to the
probability of an event and its negative potential (not actual and realized) disaster losses, in lives,
consequences” (UNISDR, 2009). The health status, livelihoods, assets, and services which
term risk is thus multidisciplinary and is could occur in a community or society over some
used in a variety of contexts. specified future time period.

Disaster risk as defined in the first

module, has three important elements
such as: The following are also taken into consideration when risk
1. Exposure - the “elements at risk factors underlying disaster are involved:
from a natural or man-made hazard ⚫ Severity of exposure - which measures those who
event (Quebral, 2016). experience disaster first-hand which has the highest risk
2. Hazard-a potentially dangerous of developing future mental problems, followed by those
physical occurrence, phenomenon or in contact with the victims such as rescue workers and
human activity that may result in loss 4
of life or injury, property damage, health care practitioners and the lowest risk are those
social and economic disruption, or most distant like those who have awareness of the
environmental degradation. disaster only through news.
3. Vulnerability - the condition ⚫ Gender and Family - the female gender suffers more
determined by physical, social, adverse effects. This worsens when children are present
economic and environmental factors or at home. Marital relationships are placed under strain.
processes, which increase the
⚫ Age - adults in the age range of 40-60 are more
susceptibility of a community to the
stressed after disasters but in general, children exhibit
impact of hazard (Food and
more stress after disasters than adults do.
Agriculture Organization of the United
nation, FAO 2008). ⚫Economic status of country - evidence indicates that
Reduction of the level of vulnerability severe mental problems resulting from disasters are more
and exposure is possible by keeping prevalent in developing countries like the Philippines.
people and property as distant as Furthermore, it has been observed that natural disasters
possible from hazards. We can not tend to have more adverse effects in developing countries
avoid natural events from occurring, than do man-caused disasters in developed countries.
but we can concentrate on addressing
the reduction of risk and exposure by
determining the factors causing
disasters.
Risk Factors are processes or conditions,
often development-related, that influence
the level of disaster risk by increasing
levels of exposure and vulnerability or
reducing capacity.

D. Discussing new concepts and

practicing new skills #2 (DEEPENING) 1. Climate Change - can increase disaster risk in a
variety of ways – by altering the frequency and intensity
Factors which underlie disasters: of hazards events, affecting vulnerability to hazards, and
1. Climate Change changing exposure patterns. For most people, the
2. Environmental Degradation expression “climate change” means the alteration of the
3. Globalized Economic Development world’s climate that we humans are causing such as
4. Poverty and Inequality burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and other practices
5. Poorly planned and Managed Urban that increase the carbon footprint and concentration of
Development greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This is in line with
6. Weak Governance the official definition by the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that climate
Certain factors are related to a survivor’s change is the change that can be attributed “directly or
background and recovery is hampered if indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of
survivors: were not functioning well the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural
before the disaster; have no experience climate variability observed over comparable time
dealing with disasters; must deal with periods”
other stressors after the disaster; have
low self-esteem; feel uncared for by 2. Environmental Degradation - changes to the
others; think they exercise little control environment can influence the frequency and intensity of
over what happens to them; and unable to hazards, as well as our exposure and vulnerability to
manage stress. these hazards. For instance, deforestation of slopes often
More factors contributory to worse leads to an increase in landslide hazard and removal of
outcomes: death of someone close; injury mangroves can increase the damage caused by storm
to self or family member; life threat; surges (UNISDR, 2009b). It is both a driver and
panic, horror, or similar feelings; consequence of disasters, reducing the capacity of the
separation from family; massive loss of environment to meet social and ecological needs. Over
property; and displacement. consumption of natural resources results in
environmental degradation, reducing the effectiveness of
essential ecosystem services, such as the mitigation of
floods and landslides. This leads to increased risk from
disasters, and in turn, natural hazards can further degrade
the environment.

3. Globalized Economic Development - It results in an

increased polarization between the rich and poor on a
global scale. Currently increasing the exposure of assets
in hazard prone areas, globalized economic development
provides an opportunity to build resilience if effectively
managed. By participating in risk-sensitive development
strategies such as investing in protective infrastructure,
environmental management, and upgrading informal
settlements, risk can be reduced. Dominance and increase
of wealth in certain regions and cities are expected to
have increased hazard exposure (Gencer, 2013).

4. Poverty and Inequality - Impoverished people are

more likely to live in hazard-exposed areas and are less
able to invest in risk-reducing measures. The lack of
access to insurance and social protection means that
people in poverty are often forced to use their already
limited assets to buffer disaster losses, which drives them
into further poverty. Poverty is therefore both a cause and
 consequence of disaster risk (Wisner et al., 2004),
particularly extensive risk, with drought being the hazard
most closely associated with poverty (Shepard et al.,
2013). The impact of disasters on the poor can, in
addition to loss of life, injury and damage, cause a total
loss of livelihoods, displacement, poor health, food
insecurity, among other consequences. Vulnerability is
not simply about poverty, but extensive research over the
past 30 years has revealed that it is generally the poor
who tend to suffer worst from disasters (DFID, 2004;
Twigg, 2004; Wisner et al., 2004; UNISDR, 2009b).

5. Poorly planned and Managed Urban Development

- A new wave of urbanization is unfolding in hazard-
exposed countries and with it, new opportunities for
resilient investment emerge. People, poverty, and disaster
risk are increasingly concentrated in cities. The growing
rate of urbanization and the increase in population
density (in cities) can lead to creation of risk, especially
when urbanization is rapid, poorly planned and occurring
in a context of widespread poverty. Growing
concentrations of people and economic activities in many
cities are seen to overlap with areas of high-risk
exposure.

6. Weak Governance - weak governance zones are

investment environments in which public sector actors
are unable or unwilling to assume their roles and
responsibilities in protecting rights, providing basic
services and public services. Disaster risk is
disproportionately concentrated in lower-income
countries with weak governance (UNISDR, 2015a).
Disaster risk governance refers to the specific
arrangements that societies put in place to manage their
disaster risk (UNISDR, 2011a; UNDP, 2013a) within a
broader context of risk governance (Renn, 2008 in
UNISDR, 2015a). This reflects how risk is valued
against a backdrop of broader social and economic
concerns (Holley et al., 2011).

E. Developing mastery (Leads to By Pair activity, try to brain storm with your partner and
Formative Assessment 3) (POST answer on a 1 whole sheet of paper the following
ACTIVITY) questions:
A. What do you think is disaster risk?
B. When can we say that a place is at risk?
C. What are the risks factors underlying a
disaster?
D. How are these factors different from each
other?
 How does vulnerability, exposure and hazard different
from among each other? Construct a Venn Diagram.

F. Finding practical application of The given rubrics below will be used for scoring.
concepts and skills in daily living
(APPLICATION)

Direction: Suppose you are invited by the

SK Chairman in your barangay as a
resource speaker to your fellow age
group during an Environmental
Awareness Activity and you were asked
to give emphasis on the risk factors
underlying disasters so that young people
will be equipped with knowledge on how
to mitigate the effects of a disaster. Have
a concept in mind of how you are going
to deliver the information. Write down
what you want to deliver to the audience.

H. Making generalizations and

abstraction about the lesson
(GENERALIZATION)
Ask the students:

What is relationship between hazard,

vulnerability and disaster?

If you are in the situation were your city

hit by a strong typhoon, what
precautionary measures will you do and
how can you cope up the damages done
by the calamity?

I. Evaluating learning(ASSESSMENT) Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is the process or condition,
often development-related, that influence the level of
disaster risk by increasing levels of exposure and
vulnerability or reducing capacity?
 a. risk factor
b. disaster risk
c. natural hazard
d. man-made hazard
2. Which of the following is NOT an element which
causes disaster?
a. exposure
b. hazard
c. risk
d. vulnerability
3. Which of the following BEST describes hazard?
a. loss of life or injury naturally
b. a phenomenon or human activity
c. potentially damaging physical event
d. reduction of vulnerability and exposure
4. Which of the following risk factors BEST describes
the cause of COVID-19 pandemic?
a. climate change
b. weak governance
c. globalized economic development
d. poorly- planned and managed urban
development
5. It refers to the changes that can be attributed “directly
or indirectly to human activity altering the composition
of the global atmosphere and additionally to the natural
climate variability observed over comparable periods of
time”?
a. deforestation
b. climate change
c. global warming
d. carbon footprint

6. How will reduction of the level of vulnerability and

exposure be possible?
a. proper knowledge on disaster risk
b. potentially damaging physical even
c. increase the susceptibility of a community to the
impact of hazard
d. by keeping people and property as distant as possible
from hazards

7. Which of the following risk factors affect with

inequality?
a. poverty
b. climate change
c. weak governance
d. globalized economic development
8. Unwillingness to assume their roles and
responsibilities in governing disaster risk unit, falls under
which of the following risk factors?
a. climate change
b. weak governance
c. poverty and inequality
d. environmental degradation

9. Which among the groups suffer more adverse effects

when an earthquake causing disaster occurs?
a. men and women
b. children and women
c. old persons and women
d. old persons and children

10. The occurrence of landslides in the Philippines is

increasing. This kind of disaster will fall under which of
the following risks?
a. poverty and inequality
b. climate change and weak governance
c. climate change and environmental degradation
d. climate change and globalized economic
development

11. The ages below are average years ranges affected by

specific situations happening as a disaster occurs. Which
of the following age ranges are “Most Stressed-Out” after
a disaster according to Asian Disaster Preparedness
Center (ADPC)?
a. 16-20
b. 20-30
c. 30-40
d. 40-60

12. Which of the following risk factors is the result in an

increased polarization between the rich and poor on a
global scale?
a. climate change
b. poverty and inequality
c. environmental degradation
d. globalized economic development

13. Which of the following is NOT a contributor to the

worst outcomes when a disaster happened?
a. displacement
b. can handle stress
c. death of someone close
d. massive loss of property
 14. Who among the following groups of people are more
likely to live in hazard-exposed areas and are less able to
invest in risk-reducing measures based on most studies in
Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC)?
a. middle class
b. senior citizens
c. young professionals
d. impoverished people
15. It is a risk factor that is both a driver and a
consequence of disasters, reducing the capacity of the
environment to meet social and ecological needs, what is
it?
a. climate change
b. weak governance
c. poverty and inequality
d. environmental degradation

Assessment
1.A
2.C
3.C
4.C
5.C
6.D
7.A
8.C
9.A
10.C
11.D
12.B
13.B
14.D
15.D

J. Additional activities for application or 1. List elements at risk to Hazard.

remediation (REMEDIAL) 2. Describe how vulnerability affects risk

Reference:
Textbook in Disaster Readiness and Risk
Reduction

Prepared by:

FE ANNALIE DUMAGUIT-SACAL
TCC
Checked by:

FLORAMYR P. SARVIDA
Master Teacher-1