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POWER ELECTRONICS (PE)

LAB REPORT
Subject Code : EL623
Name : Ajeet Kumar
Roll no. : P20PS024
Course : M.Tech
Specialisation : Power System

SARDAR VALLABHBHAI NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY (SVNIT), SURAT
Department Of Electrical Engineering
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INDEX
S. No. List of Experiments Page No.
1 (a) To study single phase half controlled rectifier using SimuLink. 03-09
(b) To study single phase full controlled rectifier using SimuLink.

2 (a) To study single phase half bridge inverter using SimuLink. 10-16
(b) To study single phase half bridge inverter using SimuLink.
3 To study single phase AC Voltage Controller using SimuLink. 17-19
4 To study single phase inverter with modulation techniques using 20-24
SimuLink:
(i)Single PWM
(ii)Multiple PWM
(iii)Sinusoidal PWM
5 To study three phase inverter using SimuLink: 25-29
(i)180 degree Conduction Mode
(ii)120 degree Conduction Mode
6 To study three phase inverter with modulation technique using SimuLink: 30-33
(i)SPWM
(ii)SVM
7 To study 3 phase Controlled Rectifier using SimuLink. 34-37
8 To study 3 phase AC Voltage Controller using SimuLink. 38-41
9 To study about 3 phase Controlled Rectifier. 42-44
10 To study about 3 phase inverter. 45-46
11 To study about 3 phase AC Voltage Regulator. 47-49
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EXPERIMENT NO.-01(a)
Aim of the Experiment: To study single phase half controlled rectifier using SimuLink.
Apparatus Required: MATLAB SimuLink
Specification: 1. Input : 230 V , 50Hz 1- phase AC supply
2. Load : DC Motor: 01: 5HP 240V 1750RPM Field:300V
3. Field supply : 300V
4. Sample time,Ts=50e-6
5.Triggering Pulse Amplitude,Amp=1
6. Frequency,f=50 Hz
MATLAB Model:

Fig.1(a).1
Procedure: 1. The connections are made as shown in the circuit of half controlled rectifier
2. The gate cathode terminals of the 2 SCR’s are connected to the respective points
on the firing module.
Check all the connections and conform connections made are correct before
simulating.
3. Now simulate the circuit.
4. The firing angle is varied and the variation of the output voltage is observed.
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Formulae for Calculation:

Observation:
Supply Voltage = 230V
Load: DC Motor (RL Load)
Sr. Alpha Average RMS PIV Calculated Avg Volt. THD Scope
No. Value Voltage Voltage (%) No.
1 30 190.5V 224.8V 325.27V Vo=193.20V,Vor=226.66V 48.2 Fig.1(a).2
2 60 152.4V 204.2V 325.27V Vo=155.30V,Vor=206.30V 48.4 Fig.1(a).3
3 90 101.0V 160.7V 325.27V Vo=103.54V,Vor=162.63V 48.3 Fig.1(a).4
Model Graph:

Fig.1(a).2 [Alpha=30]
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Fig.1(a).3 [alpha=60]

Fig.1(a).4 [alpha=90]
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EXPERIMENT NO.-01(b)
Aim of the Experiment: To study single phase full controlled rectifier using SimuLink.
Apparatus Required: MATLAB SimuLink
Specification: 1. Input :230 V , 50Hz 1- phase AC supply
2. Load : R-Load
3. Sample time,Ts=50e-6
4.Triggering Pulse Amplitude,Amp=1
5. Frequency,f=50 Hz
MATLAB Model:

Fig.1(b).1

Fig.1(b).2 [Gate Pulse]

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Procedure: 1. The connections are made as shown in the circuit of full controlled rectifier.
2. The gate cathode terminals of the 4 SCR’s are connected to the respective points
on the firing module.
Check all the connections and conform connections made are correct before
simulating.
3. Now simulate the circuit.
4. The firing angle is varied and the variation of the output voltage is observed.
Formulae for Calculation:

Observation:
Supply Voltage=230V
Load: R=20 ohm
Sr. Alpha Average RMS PIV Calculated Avg Volt. THD Scope No.
No. Value Voltage Voltage (%)
1 30 192.4V 226.2V 325.27V Vo=193.20V,Vor=226.66V 48.2 Fig.1(b).3
2 60 153.3V 204.8V 325.27V Vo=155.30V,Vor=206.30V 48.4 Fig.1(b).4
3 90 101.8V 160.8V 325.27V Vo=103.54V,Vor=162.63V 48.3 Fig.1(b).5
Model Graph:

Fig.1(b).3 [alpha=30]
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Fig.1(b).4 [alpha=60]

Fig.1(b).5 [alpha=90]
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Conclusion:So as seen from the graph and the RMS and AVG value the output voltage obtained
from the Fullycontrolled Rectifier is more than the Halfcontrolled Rectifier and the ripple
Voltage is less compared to the Half controlled Rectifier which is major advantage although for
better Rectification the ripple still should be very low so DC Filters are to be used to get the
proper output Voltage.
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EXPERIMENT NO.-02(a)
Aim of the Experiment: To study single phase half bridge inverter using SimuLink.
Apparatus Required: MATLAB SimuLink
Specification: 1. Input : 48V DC supply
2. Load : R-Load
3. Sample time,Ts=50e-6
4.Triggering Pulse Amplitude,Amp=1
5. Capacitance,C1,C2=50 micro
MATLAB Model:

Fig.2(a).1

Fig.2(a).2 [Gate Pulse]

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Procedure: 1. The connections are made as shown in the circuit of half bridge inverter.
2. The gate cathode terminals of the 2 SCR’s are connected to the respective points
on the firing module.
Check all the connections and conform connections made are correct before
simulating.
3. Now simulate the circuit.
4. The variation of the output voltage is observed.

Formulae for Calculation:

Observation:
Supply DC Voltage=48V
Load: R=5 ohm

Scope Name Scope No.

Gate Pulse Fig.2(a).3
Output Voltage and Current Fig.2(a).4

Vor(calc)=24V, Vor(Act)=23.6V
Ior(Calc)=4.8A, Ior(Act)= 4.6V
PIV of Diode=48V, Rating of Switch=48V
THD analysis: THD present in the output voltage and the current are same Its waveform is given
below
THD(output voltage)=THD(output current)=48.42%
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Model Graph:

Fig.2(a).3

Fig.2(a).4
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EXPERIMENT NO.-02(b)
Aim of the Experiment: To study single phase full bridge inverter using SimuLink.
Apparatus Required: MATLAB SimuLink
Specification: 1. Input : 48V DC supply
2. Load : R-Load
3. Sample time,Ts=50e-6
4.Triggering Pulse Amplitude,Amp=1
5. Capacitance,C1,C2=5 micro
MATLAB Model:

Fig.2(b).1

Fig.2(b).2 [Gate Pulse]

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Procedure: 1. The connections are made as shown in the circuit of full bridge inverter.
2. The gate cathode terminals of the 4 SCR’s are connected to the respective points
on the firing module.
Check all the connections and conform connections made are correct before
simulating.
3. Now simulate the circuit.
4. The variation of the output voltage is observed.

Formulae for Calculation:

Observation:
Supply DC Voltage=48V
Load: R=5 ohm
Scope Name Scope No.
Gate Pulse Fig.2(b).3
Output Voltage and Current Fig.2(b).4

Vor(calc)=48V, Vor(Act)=46.8V
Ior(Calc)=9.6A, Ior(Act)= 9.36V
PIV of Diode=48V, Rating of Switch=48V
THD analysis: THD present in the output voltage and the current are same.
THD(output voltage)=THD(output current)=48.42%
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Model Graph:

Fig.2(b).3

Fig.2(b).4
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Conclusion: In both the cases either Halfbridge or Fullbridge the only difference is the RMS
value of the output AC voltage. In case of the Fullbridge, Its value is doubles than the Halfbridge
inverter.
The current waveform and the THD depend on the Type of the load R, RL, RLC etc.
Although The value of %THD present in the output Voltage as well as output current according
to the type of load is very high and it should be improved by different PWM methods which we
will see later.
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EXPERIMENT NO.-03
Aim of the Experiment: To study single phase AC Voltage Controller using SimuLink.
Apparatus Required: MATLAB SimuLink
Specification: 1. Input : 230V,50 Hz 1-phase AC supply
2. Load : RL-Load
3. Sample time,Ts=50e-6
4.Triggering Pulse Amplitude,Amp=1
MATLAB Model:

Fig.3.1

Fig.3.2 [Power Factor]

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Procedure: 1. The connections are made as shown in the circuit of Voltage Rgulator.
2. The gate cathode terminals of the 2 SCR’s are connected to the respective points
on the firing module.
Check all the connections and conform connections made are correct before
simulating.
3. Now simulate the circuit.
4. The variation of the output voltage is observed.

Observation:
Ac supply voltage: 230V rms, Alpha=50degree.
Load: RL Load, R=2.5 Ω, L=1mH
Output voltage= 213.2V rms
Output current=83.47A rms
Fundamental output voltage= 204.8V rms
THD Analysis =30.83%
PowerFactor of the Load= cos(theta)=R/Z = 0.9922
Due to the AC controller ,the overall power factor decreases.

Model Graph:

Fig.3.3
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Fig.3.4

Fig.3.5

Conclusion: The main disadvantage of AC controller is the power factor reduction due to the
semiconductor devices and more reactive power losses, but where there is a requirement of
fast control of the ac voltage ac voltage controllers are preferred .
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EXPERIMENT NO.-04
Aim of the Experiment: To study single phase inverter with modulation techniques using
SimuLink:
(i)Single PWM
(ii)Multiple PWM
(iii)Sinusoidal PWM
Apparatus Required: MATLAB SimuLink
Specification: 1. Input : 48V DC supply
2. Load : R-Load
3. Sample time,Ts=50e-6
4.Triggering Pulse Amplitude,Amp=1
MATLAB Model:

Fig.4.1

Fig.4.2 [Single PWM]

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Fig.4.3 [Multiple PWM]

Fig.4.4 [SinusoidalPWM]

Procedure: 1. The connections are made as shown in the circuit of single phase bridge inverter.
2. The gate cathode terminals of the SCR’s are connected to the respective points
on the firing module.
Check all the connections and conform connections made are correct before
simulating.
3. Now simulate the circuit.
4. The variation of the output voltage is observed.
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Formulae for Calculation:

Observation:
Supply Voltage=48V DC
Load(R):R=5 ohm
(i)Single PWM
Vor=45.8V, Vor (fundamental)= 38.6V
Ior=9.16A, Ior(fundamental)= 7.72A
PIV of Diode=48V, Rating of Switch=48V
THD analysis: THD present in the output voltage and the current are same.
THD(output voltage)=THD(output current)=63.8%

(ii)Multiple PWM (MPWM)

Vor=42.6V, Vor (fundamental)= 37.8V
Ior=8.52A, Ior(fundamental)= 7.56A
PIV of Diode=48V, Rating of Switch=48V
THD analysis: THD present in the output voltage and the current are same.
THD(output voltage)=THD(output current)=51.9%

(iii)Sinusoidal PWM (SPWM)

Vor=43.2V, Vor (fundamental)= 40.6V
Ior=8.64A, Ior(fundamental)= 8.12A
PIV of Diode=48V, Rating of Switch=48V
THD analysis: THD present in the output voltage and the current are same.
THD(output voltage)=THD(output current)=36.36%
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Fig.4.5 [Single PWM]

Fig.4.6 [Multiple PWM]

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Fig.4.6 [Sinusoidal PWM]

Conclusion: As seen from the above discussion sinusoidal PWM is superior as compared to
multiple pulse width modulation in some aspects like:
 The Modulation Index is higher for SPWM as compared to MPWM.
 The output voltage is about 15% more in case of SPWM as compared to MPWM.
 The THD are less in SPWM as compared to MPWM.
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EXPERIMENT NO.-05
Aim of the Experiment: To study three phase inverter using SimuLink:
(i)180 degree Conduction Mode
(ii)120 degree Conduction Mode
Apparatus Required: MATLAB SimuLink
Specification: 1. Input : 100V DC supply
2. Load : Three Phase R-Load
3.Triggering Pulse Amplitude,Amp=5
MATLAB Model:

Fig.5(i).1 [180 Conduction Mode]

Fig.5(ii).1 [120 Conduction Mode]

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Fig.5(ii).2 [120 Line Voltage] Fig.5(ii).4 [120 Phase Voltage]

Procedure: 1. The connections are made as shown in the circuit of three phase inverter.
2. The gate cathode terminals of the SCR’s are connected to the respective points
on the firing module.
Check all the connections and conform connections made are correct before
simulating.
3. Now simulate the circuit.
4. The variation of the output voltage is observed.
Formulae for Calculation:

Observation:
Supply Voltage=100V DC
Load(R):R=10 ohm

(i)180 Configuration
Output Voltage(ph-ph)=47.14V, Load Current=4.714A
Output Voltage(L-L)=81.65V, Output Voltge(Fund)=45.01V
THD=31.1%

(ii)120 Configuration
Output Voltage(ph-ph)=40.82V, Load Current=4.082A
Output Voltage(L-L)=70.71V, Output Voltge(Fund)=38.98V
THD=31.08%
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Model Graph:

Fig.5(i).2

Fig.5(i).3
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Fig.5(ii).4

Fig.5(ii).5
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Conclusion: From the above experiments it can be concluded that for 180 conduction mode
magnitude of output voltages greater then 120 conduction mode. In 180 conduction mode it is
require to provide a dead time mode between two switches in one leg while in 120 conduction
mode there is no requirement of dead time mode.from the below table it can be say that THD
in both the conduction mode is near to same.
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EXPERIMENT NO.-06
Aim of the Experiment: To study three phase inverter with modulation technique using
SimuLink:
(i)SPWM
(ii)SVM
Apparatus Required: MATLAB SimuLink
Specification: 1. Input : DC supply
2. Load : Three Phase RL Load
3.Triggering Pulse Amplitude,Amp=5
MATLAB Model:

Fig.6(i).1 [SPWM]

Fig.6(ii).1 [SVM]
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Procedure: 1. The connections are made as shown in the circuit of three phase inverter.
2. The gate cathode terminals of the SCR’s are connected to the respective points
on the firing module.
Check all the connections and conform connections made are correct before
simulating.
3. Now simulate the circuit.
4. The variation of the output voltage is observed.

Observation and Calculation with Conclusion:

(i)Sinusoidal PWM
Supply Voltage=100V DC
IGBTs are used as a s.c switches.
Output phase to gnd voltage=33.44V rms
Output line to line voltage=57.87V rms
3ph star connected RL Load, R=5 Ω, L=1mH
Amplitude Modulation Ma=0.66
Frequency modulation Mf=15000/50=300
THD of the output current: 9.22%

Only 9.22% THD present in the output Current which very good compared to the 120 as well as
180 modes of operations. Here Voltage THD will be high but it will not be an issue because most
of the load are RL Loads so the output current flowing through any induction motors or any
different Load will be the main factor for producing the pulsating torque or other disturbances.
So it is convenient to reduce the THD and the harmonics present in the output current even as
cost of high THD in the output phase Voltage.

(ii)Space Vector Modulation

DC link voltage: 652V
Load: RL Load, P=1000W & Q=500VAR
Output phase voltage= 296.7V rms
Output line voltage= 530.5V rms
Phase/line output current: 3.698A

The use of modulation index is more compared to the SPWM and so more utilization of the DC
source and more variations in the output voltage. That’s the biggest advantage of the SVM.

The output line voltage THD values obtained for the two-level inverter without any output filter
are 67.73% and 52.99% for SPWM and SVM respectively. Thus, the THD is significantly lower in
case of Space Vector Modulation, which is to be expected since the amplitude of the
fundamental component of the output line voltage has increased .
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Model Graph:

Fig.6(i).2

Fig.6(i).3
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Fig.6(ii).2

Fig.6(ii).3
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EXPERIMENT NO.-07
Aim of the Experiment: To study 3 phase Controlled Rectifier using SimuLink.
Apparatus Required: MATLAB SimuLink
Specification: 1. Input : 180V ph-ph,50 Hz 3-phase AC supply
2. Load : R-Load
3. Sample time,Ts=50e-6
4.Triggering Pulse Amplitude,Amp=1
MATLAB Model:

Fig.7.1

Procedure: 1. The connections are made as shown in the circuit of 3 phase Rectifier.
2. The gate cathode terminals of the SCR’s are connected to the respective points
on the firing module.
Check all the connections and conform connections made are correct before
simulating.
3. Now simulate the circuit.
4. The variation of the output voltage is observed.
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Formulae for Calculation:

Observation:
Supply Voltage=180 V ph-ph, 3 phase AC Supply
Load(R):R=10 ohm

Sr. Alpha Average RMS PIV Calculated Avg Volt. THD (%) Scope
No. Value Voltage Voltage No.
1 30 229.3V 235.5V 440.91V Vo=231.6V,Vor=241.6V 31.06 Fig.7.2
2 45 193.3V 203.7V 440.91V Vo=195.7V,Vor=211.1V 31.10 Fig.7.3
3 60 108.3V 129.3V 440.91V Vo=111.5V,Vor=134.2V 31.08 Fig.7.4
Model Graph:

Fig.7.2 [alpha=30]
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Fig.7.3 [alpha=45]

Fig.7.4 [alpha=60]
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Conclusion: So in three phase controlled rectifier the THD analysis in the supply current is very
important because the supply current will cause harmonic losses and affect the voltage at point
of the common coupling. And Voltage ripple factor also should be reduced by DC filters and get
the Low ripple Constant dc voltage.
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EXPERIMENT NO.-08
Aim of the Experiment: To study 3 phase AC Voltage Controller using SimuLink.
Apparatus Required: MATLAB SimuLink
Specification: 1. Input : 440V ph-ph,50 Hz 3-phase AC supply
2. Load : Star Connected R-Load
3. Sample time,Ts=1e-6
4.Triggering Pulse Amplitude,Amp=1
MATLAB Model:

Fig.8.1

Procedure: 1. The connections are made as shown in the circuit of 3 phase Rectifier.
2. The gate cathode terminals of the 6 SCR’s are connected to the respective points
on the firing module.
Check all the connections and conform connections made are correct before
simulating.
3. Now simulate the circuit.
4. The variation of the output voltage is observed.
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Formulae for Calculation:

Observation:
Supply Voltage=440V ph-ph, 3 phase AC Supply
Load(R):R=10 ohm
Sr. No. Alpha Calc RMS RMS Voltage PIV Scope No.
Value Voltage
1 30 251.6V 249.4V 622.25V Fig.8.2
2 60 230.3V 226.5V 622.25V Fig.8.3
3 90 186.8V 179.1V 622.25V Fig.8.4
Model Graph:

Fig.8.2 [alpha=30]
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Fig.8.3 [alpha=60]

Fig.8.4 [alpha=90]
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Conclusion: So as seen in both the cases, as Alpha and load changes rms output voltage and
current both changes accordingly and the phase and line voltage waveforms and values depend
on the type of load connection Star or Delta.
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EXPERIMENT NO.-09
Aim of the Experiment: To study about 3 phase Controlled Rectifier.
Apparatus: 1.Three Phase Rectifer Kit
2.Three Phase Transformer
3.DSO
4.Load(RL): R=120 ohm, L=120mH
Circuit Kit:

Observed Data:
1) Half bridge rectifier for RL Load
Alpha is delay time in msec
Alpha: 0ms, output voltage,Vo: 74V
Alpha: 4ms, output voltage,Vo: 51V
Alpha: 2.8ms, output voltage,Vo: 68V

2) Full bridge rectifier

For R Load,
Alpha: 0ms, output voltage,Vo: 140.1V
Alpha: 4ms, output voltage,Vo: 125V
Alpha: 2.8ms, output voltage,Vo: 65V
For RL Load,
R: 120Ω, L: 120mH
Alpha: 6.322ms, output voltage,Vo: 75V
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EXPERIMENT NO.-10
Aim of the Experiment: To study about 3 phase Inverter.
Apparatus: 1.Three Phase inverter kit
2.DSO
3.Load:RL: R: 100Ω, L: 120mH
4.Supply Voltage,Vdc=24V
5.Connecting Probe
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Observed Data:
1) 120degree mode:
Vph rms: 9.20V, 50Hz VLL rms: 16.5V, 50Hz
Fundamental rms phase voltage, Vph1 rms: 8.97V
2) 180degree mode:
Vph rms: 11.0V, 50Hz VLL rms: 19.5V, 50Hz
Fundamental rms phase voltage, Vph1 rms: 10.63V
3) SPWM mode:
Fcarrier: 9kHz, F: 50Hz M.I: 0.8
Fundamental rms phase voltage, Vph1 rms: 6.36V
4) SVM mode:
M.I: 0.8
Fundamental rms phase voltage, Vph1 rms: 8.15
Harmonics (Phase Voltages):
Mode Vph1 Vph2 Vph3
120 degree 8.97 0 0
180 degree 10.63 0 0
SPWM 6.36 0.1 0.056
SVM 8.15 0.312 0
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EXPERIMENT NO.-11
Aim of the Experiment: To study about 3 phase AC Voltage Regulator.
Apparatus: 1.Three Phase AC Voltage Regulator Kit
2.Three Phase Transformer
3.DSO
4.Load(RL): R=120 ohm, L=120mH
Circuit Kit:

Observed Data:

1) 3 wire, Star connection

Alpha:
pha: 2.5ms, rms output voltage,Vph: 55V
Alpha: 4.16ms, rms output voltage,Vph: 41.4V
Alpha: 6.4ms, rms output voltage,Vph 14.5V

2) 4 wire, Star connection

Alpha: 3.33ms, rms output voltage,Vph: 53.2V

Alpha: 6.66ms, rms output voltage,Vph: 24.16V

3) Delta connection

Alpha: 1.66ms, rms output voltage,Vph: 101.87V

Alpha: 5ms, rms output voltage,Vph: 49.7V
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