Scribd
Upload
43 views

Module 2

The document discusses the 7 layers of the OSI model: 1) The physical layer transmits raw data bits and handles physical connections. 2) The data link layer converts frames and detects errors using MAC addresses. 3) The network layer defines IP addresses and routes packages. 4) The transport layer breaks data into packages with sequence numbers and ensures delivery using protocols like TCP. 5) The session layer defines how connections are established, maintained and destroyed using protocols like NFS and SMB. 6) The presentation layer formats data for the application layer. 7) The application layer specifies shared communication protocols and interfaces used by hosts.

Uploaded by

Adhem Naiji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
43 views

Module 2

The document discusses the 7 layers of the OSI model: 1) The physical layer transmits raw data bits and handles physical connections. 2) The data link layer converts frames and detects errors using MAC addresses. 3) The network layer defines IP addresses and routes packages. 4) The transport layer breaks data into packages with sequence numbers and ensures delivery using protocols like TCP. 5) The session layer defines how connections are established, maintained and destroyed using protocols like NFS and SMB. 6) The presentation layer formats data for the application layer. 7) The application layer specifies shared communication protocols and interfaces used by hosts.

Uploaded by

Adhem Naiji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Module 2

When we start stepping into computer network science, the first thing
we learn is usually TCP / IP.

The International Standards Organization (ISO) standardizes the


protocol currently known as the Open System Interconnection or OSI
protocol model. OSI model is a reference and basic concept of the
theory of how a protocol works. now OSI has become a connection
standard for a computer. In addition, it was created also to fulfill certain
objectives.

OSI has 7 layers, each layer has a function and has their respective
roles

what are they ?

Layer 1: Physical layer


Physical Layer is the first layer in the OSI network reference model. The
responsibility is to transmit data bits. it is done from the sender's physical
layer and Addressed to the recipient's physical layer.
Layer 2 : Data Link Layer
The Data Link Layer is the second layer from the bottom in the OSI
model, which can convert network frames that contain data that detects
errors and retransmits failed frames. MAC addresses are also
implemented in this layer. some devices such as the Network Interface
Card (NIC), layer 2 switches and network bridges also operate here.

Layer 3 : Network Layer


Network Layer has the task of defining IP addresses. This makes each
computer can be connected to 1 network. network layer also functions to
carry out the routing process and make headers on existing data
packages.

Layer 4 : Transport Layer


This layer will break the data into data packages and give serial numbers
to the data packages so that they can be rearranged when they reach
the destination. at this layer will determine the protocol that will be used
to transmit data, for example the TCP protocol. This protocol will send
data packets, while also ensuring that the packet is received
successfully (acknowledgment), and retransmitting packages that are
lost or damaged in the middle of the road.

Layer 5 : Session Layer


Session layer will define how connections can be made, maintained, or
destroyed. At this layer there are the Name Recognition, NFS & SMB
protocols.

Layer 6 : Presentation Layer


The presentation layer is responsible for the formatting and delivery of
information to the application layer for further processing or display. It
relieves the application layer of concern regarding syntactical differences
in data representation within the end-user systems. An example of a
presentation service would be the conversion of an EBCDIC-coded text
computer file to an ASCII-coded file.
Layer 7 : Application Layer
Application Layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared
communications protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a
communications network. The application layer abstraction is used in
both of the standard models of computer networking: the Internet
Protocol Suite (TCP / IP) and the OSI model. Although both models use
the same terms for their respective highest level layers, the detailed
definitions and purposes are different.

You might also like