SE-E&TC

Electrical Circuits and Machines

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Guidelines for Laboratory Conduction: Perform any 8 experiments:

List of Practical ( as per Savitribai Phule Pune University Revised 2016-17 syllabus)

Sr. Name of the Experiment Page

No. No.
1. Network Theorems : To verify Thevenin’s and
Norton’s theorem ( DC or AC)
2. O.C. And S.C. Test on single phase transformer
3. Polarity test on single phase transformer.
4. Equivalent Circuit of a Single Phase Induction Motor
by performing the no-load and blocked rotor tests.
5. Study of BLDC Motor Drive.
6. Speed control of DC motor using armature voltage
and field current control method. Measure RPM and
plot graph of speed versus armature voltage and field
current.
7. Load test on 3-phase induction motor
8. Determination of equivalent circuit parameters of 3
-phase induction motor using no load & blocked-
rotor test.
9. To plot speed-torque characteristic of three phase
induction motor.
10. To study various operating modes of stepper motor.

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 SE-E&TC
Electrical Circuits and Machines

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

Guidelines for Laboratory Conduction: Perform any 8 experiments:

List of Practical ( as per Savitribai Phule Pune University Revised 2016-17 syllabus)
Conducted Practical

Sr. Name of the Experiment Page

No. No.

1 Introduction to various Basic Instruments & Machines

of Electrical Engineering
2 Verification of Network Theorem

( Thevenin’s & Norton)

3
To perform open circuit test and short circuit test on
single phase transformer
4
To determine the polarity of single phase transformer
5 To study Speed control of DC shunt motor

6 To study load test on DC shunt motor

7 To study load test on 3 phase induction motor

8 To study operating modes of stepper motor

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To study Speed torque characteristics of 3 phase
induction motor

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EXPERIMENT 1: Introduction to various Basic Instruments &
Machines of Electrical Engineering

AIM: Introduction to various Basic Instruments & Machines of Electrical Engineering and
study their important specifications.
OBJECTIVE: 1. Introduction to various instruments such as Ammeter, Voltmeter,
Wattmeter, Energy meter, Megger, Tachometer, Rheostat, Loading Devices, Transformers, DC
Motors, AC Motors & Supply Systems.
2. Study important specifications of above Instruments & Machines.
PEOs & POs attained: PEOs: I & III, POs: a, b & e.
APPARATUS REQUIRED: Ammeter, Voltmeter, Wattmeter, Energy Meter,
Tachometer, Rheostat, Various Capacitors, Various Resistors, AC and DC Power Supply, DC
Motors & AC Motors.

THEORY OF EXPERIMENT:
AMMETER
Ammeter is employed for measuring of current in a circuit and connected in series in the circuit.
As ammeter is connected in series, the voltage drop across ammeter terminals is very low. This
requires that the resistance of the ammeter should be as low as possible. The current coil of

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ammeter has low current carrying capacity whereas the current to be measured may be quite
high. So for protecting the equipment a low resistance is connected in parallel to the current coil
and it is known as shunt resistance

Analog Ammeter

VOLTMETER
(a) Voltmeter is employed to measure the potential difference across any two points of a
circuit. It is connected in the parallel across any element in the circuit. The resistance of
voltmeter is kept very high by connecting a high resistance in series of the voltmeter
with the current coil of the instrument. The actual voltage drop across the current coil of
the voltmeter is only a fraction of the total voltage applied across the voltmeter which is
to be measured.

Analog voltmeter
WATTMETER
The measurement of real power in AC circuits is done by using an instrument using Wattmeter.
The real power in AC circuits is given by expression

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 VI cos 
where, cos  is power factor.
A wattmeter has two coils, namely, current coil and pressure coil. The current coil (CC) is
connected in series with the load and the pressure coil (PC) is connected across the load. Watt
meters are available in dual range for voltages as well as for current

Internal Circuit of Wattmeter Wattmeter

ENERGYMETER
Energy meter is an instrument which is used to measure the consumption of electric energy in a
circuit (DC or AC). It measures energy in kWh. The essential difference between a energy
meter and a wattmeter is that the former is fitted with some type of registration mechanism
where by all the instantaneous readings of power are summed over a definite period of time
whereas the latter indicates the value at particular instant when it is read.

Energy Meter

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Megger:

What is Megger?
Insulation resistance quality of an electrical system degrades with time, environment condition
i.e. temperature, humidity, moisture and dust particles. It also get impacted negatively due to the
presence of electrical and mechanical stress, so it’s become very necessary to check the IR
(Insulation resistance) of equipment at a constant regular interval to avoid any measure fatal or
electrical shock.
Uses of Megger
The device enable us to measure electrical leakage in wire, results are very reliable as we shall
be passing electric current through device while we are testing. The equipment basically use for
verifying the electrical insulation level of any device such as motor, cable, generator winding,
etc. This is a very poplar test being carried out since very long back. Not necessary it shows us

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exact area of electrical puncture but shows the amount of leakage current and level of moisture
within electrical equipment/winding/system.

TACHOMETER
Tachometer is an instrument to measure the speed in (revolutions per minute i.e. r.p.m.).The
speed of a rotating shaft is measured by inserting the tapered projected part of the tachometer
into the tapered hole in the rotating shaft speed of which is to be measured.

Tachometer

RHEOSTAT
Rheostats are made up of high resistivity material, like, nickel-chromium iron alloy closely
wound over a circular tube. These are available both in single tube and double tube. Inter-turn
insulation is provided to avoid short circuiting of turns. The tube of rheostat is made of
insulating material, like asbestos. These are employed at places where resistance of a circuit is
to be varied without breaking the circuit.

LOADING DEVICES

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The most commonly used loading devices are (1) lamp Bank (2) loading Rheostat. Lamp Bank
load consists of number of lamps connected to form a load. These are suitably connected and
controlled by a no. of switches. The switches are provided in a manner so that it should be
possible to switch on any required no. of lamps at a time.
A loading rheostat type of load consists of no. of identical resistive elements. These elements
are connected in series or parallel. The rheostat is made up of high resistivity material such as
like nickel-chromium. The elements of the load can be designed to take 1A, 2A or 4 A of
current.

Loading Rheostat

VAROIUS SUPPLY SYSTEMS:

(a) A.C supply systems: There are two types of supply.
(i) Single phase-230V, 50Hz: In this system we have two wires, one is known as
phase/line and the other is neutral. Voltage between them is 230 V.
(ii) Three phase - 400 V, 50Hz (line to line): In his system we have three wires, one for
each phase or line. In case the fourth wire is there it is neutral. While voltage
between two phases/lines is 400 V, between any phase/line and neutral it is 230 V.
(b) DC Supply System
There are two type of D.C supply system
(i)From battery: We use rectifiers for 6V or 12V D.C supply current.
(ii)From generator

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 DC Supply AC Supply
MULTIMETER:
Multimeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the current, voltage and resistance.
These can be used to troubleshoot many electrical equipments such as domestic appliances,
power supplies etc.

TRANSFORMER:
A transformer is a static device which consists of two or more stationary electric circuits
interlinked by a common magnetic circuit for the purpose of transferring electrical energy
between them. The transfer of electric energy takes place from one circuit to another circuit
without change in frequency. Transformer may be for stepping up voltage from low to high or
stepping down voltage from high to low.

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 Single Phase Transformer

Auto Transformer

DC Motors:

Cross Section of DC motor:

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AC Motors:

Result Table: (* Note Consider at least one type of instrument/motor for specifications)
Sr. Name of the Instrument/ Specifications
No Supply system/Motor

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1 Ammeter
2 Voltmeter
3 Multimeter
4 Wattmeter
5 Energy Meter
6 Megger
7 Tachometer
8 Rheostat
9 Single Phase AC Supply
10 Three Phase AC Supply
11 DC Supply
12 Transformer
13 DC Motor
14 AC Motor

Conclusion:

REFERENCES:
Books
1.”Electrical Science” by J. B. Gupta
2. “A Text book of Electrical Technology” by B. L. Thereja Vol-11
3.”Electrical Engineering Fundamentals” by Del Toro
4.”Electric Circuits” by James Nelson (Pearson publication)
5.”Basic Electrical Engg.” By DC Kulshreshtha, TMHill.

URL’s

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1. www.brighthub.com
2. www.allaboutcircuits.com
3. www.howstuffworks.com
4. www.nptel.iitm.ac.in

LAB TUTORIALS
1. What are the basic measuring instruments for measuring electrical quantities?
2. What is the working principle of wattmeter and an energy meter?
3. What are the various safety measures to be taken while performing practical work in
electrical lab?
4. Discuss various types of resistors and capacitors?
5 Define the term ideal current and ideal voltage source?
6 What is the difference between Transformer & Motor?
7 What is the difference between Step up transformer & Transistor Amplifier?

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