Solid State

PART – I
1. (3) 2. (2) 3. (2) 4. (2) 5. (1)

6. (3) 7. (2) 8. (4) 9. (1) 10. (2)

11. (3) 12. (2) 13. (3) 14. (3) 15. (1)

16. (1) 17. (2) 18. (2) 19. (1) 20. (4)

21. 32 22. 100 23. 12 24. 1.123 25. 1

PART – II
1. (4) 2. (1) 3. (2) 4. (3) 5. (4)

6. (4) 7. (1) 8. (4) 9. (2) 10. (4)

11. (2) 12. (4) 13. (2) 14. (3) 15. (1)

16. (1) 17. (3) 18. (1)

PART – III
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (B) 5. (C)

6. (B) 7. (A) 8. (B) 9. (C) 10. (D)

11. (D) 12. (D) 13. (A) 14. (D) 15. (D)

16. (B) 17. (C) 18. (C) 19. (C) 20. (B)

21. (B) 22. (C) 23. (B) 24. (D) 25. (C)

26. (B) 27. (A) 28. (B)

PART – IV
1. (D) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (B) 5. (D)

6. (B) 7. 3 8. 62 9. 8 10. 3

11.  65 g/cm3 12. 4 (8 – 4) 13. (CD) 14. (BC) 15. (ABC)

PART – V
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (A)

6. (D) 7. (D) 8. (AC) 9. (ABC) 10. (ABD)

11. (ABC) 12. (ACD) 13. (AB) 14. 56 15. 30

16. 4 17. 4 water molecules 18. 7 = (1 + 2 + 4) 19. (B)

20. (B) 21. (D) 22. (A)

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 Solid State

PART – I
1
1. At corner = (for per atom)
8
 X 1 Y (one X atom removed)
1–
8
 X7/8 y
x7y8
2. When NaCl crystal is heated in sodium vapors, then it attains yellow colour. It is due to F-centres, which
is electron trapped in anion vacancy created by Cl–.
3. Packing efficiency of ccp is 74% so it best packing is cubic packing.
4. 2 (r+ + r–) = a or r+ = x = radius of Na+
2 (x + y) = a r– = y = radius of Cl–
5. Sr2+ are at the corners and face centre of the cubic arrangement.
6. Triclinic a  b  c
 
7. Schottky defect ocure in electrovalent compound which has same bond size positive and negative ion.

r
8. For tetrahedral void r+/r- range will be 0.225  0.414.
r
9. Malleability and ductility is tendency of metal ion layer Slide over the other layer.

1 X
10. At corner = × (for per atom) = 8
8 8
At body center = 1 × (for per atom) = Y
1 Z
At face center = × (for per atom) =  6
2 2
Simple ration of all there XYZ3
11. AgBr show schottky and frenkel defect.

12.

(4r)2 = a2 + a2
4
a= r
2
13. In antifluorite structure anion form F.C.C. structure and cation occupy all tetrahedral void.

14. CsCl have simple cubic structure. In this structure body idagenal of simple cube 3 a = 2 × ( rCs  rCl )
So interionic distance = 2 × ( rCs  rCl )

1
15. A at corner = ×8×A=A
8
1
B at face center = × 6 × B = 3B = AB3
2

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ADVSST - 61
 Solid State
ZM 4  100
16. d=  NA = = 5 × 1024 (here : 200 Pm = 2 × 10–8 cm.)
NA a3 10  (2  10 –8 )3

18. S2– ion form fcc lattice

 Zn+2 ion ocupy alternate four tetrahedral void i.e.

19. Cubic system have three unit cell

(1) Simple cubic (2) F.C.C. (3) B.C.C
H2O is a paramagnetic substance.
Graphit is a covalent soid in layer form. In these layer vanderwaal's forces present.
20. S1 : edge length = 2( rNa  rCl )
distance b/w Na+ and Cl– is less than edge length
S2 : 4 triangular void.
S3 : In Zns structure 4Zn+2 and 4s–2 present in each unit cell.
4 3
2
R 3
21. Packing efficiency = 3 = = 68%
3 8
 4R 
 
3
vacent space = 100 – 68 = 32 %
22. In 3D close packed structure for every 100 atoms it contain 100 octahedral voids.
23. C.N. of Cu2+ ion = 8
C.N. of F– ion = 4
 C.N. of CaF2 type structure is = 8 : 4
24. NaCl and KCl has octahedral structure
rNa r 
= 0.55 and K = 0.74
rCl rCl
In octahedral edge length = rcation + ranion
rNa  rCl
= 1.55 .........(1)
rCl
rK   rCl
= 1.74 .........(2)
rCl
a = edge length of KCl octahedral.
a = rK   rCl
b = edge length of NaCl octahedral
b = rNa  rCl
a r   rCl 1.74
= K = = 1.123
b rNa  rCl 1.55

PART – II
1. BCC - points are at corners and one in the center of the unit cell.
1
Number of atoms per unit cell = 8 ×  1  2
8
FCC - Points are at the corners and also center of the six faces of each cell.
1 1
Number of atoms per unit cell = 8 ×  6  = 4.
8 2

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ADVSST - 62
 Solid State
2. mass (m) = density × volume = 1.00 g
Mol. wt. (M) of NaCl = 23 + 15.5 = 58.5
Number of unit cells present in a cube shaped crystal of NaCl of
  a3  NA m  NA 1  6.023  1023
mass 1.00 g =  
M Z M Z 58.5  4
(In NaCl each unit cells has 4 NaCl units. Hence Z = 4)
 Number of unit cells = 0.02573 × 1023 = 2.57 × 1021 unit cells.
3. When an atom or ion is missing from its normal lattice site, a lattice vacancy is created. This defect is
known as Schottky defect. Here equal number of Na + and Cl– ions are missing from their regular lattice
position in the crystal. So it is Schottky defect.
1
4. Number of A ions per unit cell = ×8=1
8
1
Number of B ions per unit cell = × 6 = 3 Empirical formula = AB3.
2
5. In case of a face-centerd cubic structure, since four atoms are present in a unit cell, hence volume.
4  16 3
V = 4  r 3   r
3  3

6. According to question : Number of Y atom in ccp unit cell = 4

2 16
Number of X atom in ccp unit cell = 8 × =
3 13
Formula of compound = X16/3Y4 = X16 Y12 = X4 Y3

7. In fcc unit cell 4r = 2a [r = radius of Cu atom, a = edge length]

2a
So, r=
4
2  361
r= = 127 pm.
4

8. 2 × 110 + 2 × r– = 508
2r– = 288
r– = 144 pm

9. Packing fraction of CCP = = 0.74  74%
3 2
 Percentage of free space in CCP = 100 – 74 = 26%
 3
Packing fraction of BCC = = 0.68  68%
8
 Percentage of free space in BCC = 100 – 68 = 32%
10. A 1 B 1
8 5
8 2
Formula of compound A2B5.
11. FCC lattice
a = 361 pm
a 2 = 4r
361  2
r= = 127.6  128 pm.
4
3 3
12. For BCC structure 3 a = 4r r= a =  351 = 152 pm.
4 4

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ADVSST - 63
 Solid State
13. M0.98O
Consider one mole of the oxide.
Moles of M = 0.98, Moles of O2– = 1
Let moles of M3+ = x
 Moles of M2+ = 0.98 – x
 Doing charge balance
(0.98 – x) × 2 + 3x – 2 = 0
 1.96 – 2x + 3x – 2 = 0
 x = 0.04
0.04
 % of M3+ =  100 = 4.08%
0.98
14. In CsCl, Cl– lie at corners of simple cube and Cs+ at the body centre.
3a
Hence, along the body diagonal, Cs+ & Cl– touch each other so  rCs  rCl
2

3
15. R= a = 1.86 Å
4
16. NCERT based (Solid state).

17. For FCC, 2a  4R

a
So, 2R =
2
18. Frenkel Defect.

PART – IV
3
 a a3 a
1. Common Volume =   = [ Common vol is a cube of edge length ]
 2 8 2

2. Only tetrahedral, since there is one tetrahedral voids just above the atom & one just below the atom.
3. Unit cell is face centered cubic so coordination number is 12.
4. Cu4 Ag3 Au
     
3 th 1
Froms c.c.p., of tetrahedral voids, of octahedral voids [ No. of O- voids = 4]
8 4
z=4 , [ No. of T- voids = 8]. 

5. r
Rb      
 rCl  rK  rBr   rK  rCl  rRb  rBr  
3.285 + 3.293 – 3.139 = 3.439.
6. These are isomorphous.
1
7. Number of atoms in 2D unit cells = × 6 + 1 × 1 = 3.
3
4 3
8. Volume of one atom of Ar = r
3
1.65
Also, number of atoms in 1.65 g or one mL = × 6.023 × 1023
40
 Total volume of all atoms of Ar in solid state
4 1.65 4 22 1.65
= r3 × × 6.023 × 1023 = × × (1.54 × 10–8)3 × × 6.023 × 1023 = 0.380 cm3
3 40 3 7 40

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ADVSST - 64
 Solid State
Volume of solid argon = 1 cm 3
[1  0.380]
 % empty space = × 100 = 62%
1
1 1 1
10. 3× + ×6+ ×1=3
2 6 2
1
11. No. of Mg2+ per unit cell = 8 [At corners]  =1
8
1
No. of Ti per unit cell = 1 [body center]  =1
1
1
No of O per unit cell = 6 [Face center]  = 3
2
So formula = MgTiO3
Atom are removed along face diagonal
1 6 3
No. of Mg2+ = 6[At corner]  = =
8 8 4
1
No. of Ti per unit cell = 1 [Body center]  = 1
1
1 5
No. of O per unit cell = 5 [Face center]  =
2 2
So formula of compound = Mg 3 TiO 5
4 2
3 5
Formula mass = 24  + 48 + 16  = 18 + 48 + 40 = 106 amu
4 2
As corner ion are touching so = a = 2 rMg2 = 2  0.7 = 1.4 Å

mass 106  1.67  1024

d= = g/cm3 = 64.5 g/cm3  65 g/cm3
Volume (1.4)3  1024

12. It is fluorite (CaF2) structure. Since formula is AB2

 No. of B atoms is twice the no. of A atoms. Hence B occupies all the tetrahedral voids (100%).
AB2 is (8 : 4) compound (Fluorite Structure Compound)

C.N. of A C.N. of B.

FCC can be viewed in two following ways -

(i) Planes along the faces (and parallel to it) of the unit cell.
 Each atom touches 4 in same layer, 4 in layer above and 4 in
14. layer bellow it.
(ii) Planes along closest packed spheres  each atom touches 6
atom in same layer, 3 in layer above and 3 in layer below it.

15.

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ADVSST - 65
 Solid State
PART – V
1. Coordination number of square packing pattern is 4.

1 7
2. No. of X atom per unit cell = 7 × =
8 8
1
No. of Y atom per unit cell = 6 × =3
2
 Formula = X7/8 Y3 or X7 Y24.
4. According to figure, it shows a simple cubic lattice. Now observe the center atom, its has 6 nearest
neighbours

1 1  1 1  5
5. In new arrangement, A particles =   8   6 –   4   2 =
8 2  8 2  2
1   1  5
& B particles =   12  1 –  1   2 =
4   4  2
So, formula is AB

2  4 2R
6. Perimeter of plane is = 2C + 8R = + 8R = 11.77 R
3
1 1
7. Total positive charge = Charge on Mg2+ + Charge on Al3+ = × 8 × 2 + ×4×3 = 8 electronic charge.
8 2
Z M
8. Density =
NA  volume
4  207
so, Volume = = 1.213 × 10–22 cm3; 4r = a 2
6.02  1023  11.34
4.95  108  2
r= = 175 pm
4
Volume = a3 = 1.213 × 10–22
so, a = (1.213 × 10–24)1/3
a = 4.95 × 10–8 cm.
9. Na+ & F– are isoelectronic hence they will have same screening const (s) but not the effective nuclear
charge.
 rNa rF  0.7 (coordination = 6, rock salt structure)

10. Schottky defect is only observed in ionic compound.

11. A2O3 – ionic Br2 – vanderwaal F2 – vanderwaal  

 Cl– dipole dipole H2O – dipole - dipole (H–bonding) NaCl – ionic,
F2 < Br2 < Cl< H2O < NaCl < Al2O3
12. (a) As each Zn2+ ion is present in tetrahedral void. So it is coordination number is = 4.
(b) Similarly S2– ion have coordination number = 4.
(c) As Zn2+ ion is present in tetrahedral void that's why line's connecting any two nearest neighbour and
Zn2+ have angle = 109º28'.
r 2
(d) For tetrahedral voids radius ratio is Zn = 0.225.
rS2

2 2
13. a = 2R, c = 2a = 4r
3 3

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ADVSST - 66
 Solid State
72.36 27.64
14. ‘Fe’, ‘O’  1.292 ‘Fe’, 1.7275 ‘O’
56 16
Hence proportion is 1 : 1.33; So Empirical formula is Fe3O4 , Empirical formula mass = 232 amu
Now if there are x formula units in the unit cell
x (232)
6.02  1023
5.2 =  x = 7.9688
(8.39  10 8 )3
Hence number of ions in the unit cell = 56
a 3r– a a a
15. r+ + r– =  = ; r– = and r+ =
2 2 2 3 6
4  a   a 
3 3
4 3 3 4        
4  (r  r– ) 3  6   3 
Packing fraction = 3 =  = 0.7.
a3 a3
Percentage void = 30%.
r 1.6
16. = = 0.858
r 1.864
So, it is CsCl type unit cell
So 3 a = 2(r+ + r–)
2(1.864  1.6)
So a = Å = 2 x 2Å = 4Å
3

Z M Z  18
17. d= 0.92 =
N0  Volume  6 3a2 
6.02  1023   c
 4 
Z  18
 0.92 =  Z = 4.
 6 3 
6.02  1023   (4.53)2  7.41  1024 
 4 

18. O4 Zn 1 Al 1
8 4
8 2
So, formula is ZnAl2O4.
22.
Radius ratio Types of structure Coordination No.
r+/r– < 0.155 linear void 2
0.155  r+/r– < 0.225 triangular void 3
0.225  r+/r– < 0.414 tetrahedral void 4
0.414  r+/r– < 0.732 octahedral void 6
0.732  r+/r– < 1 cubical void 8

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ADVSST - 67